MODULE - I / UNIT - I

1. (i) From a given set of m signals, using Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization procedure, n

orthonormal signals have been derived
a) n = m b) n < m c) n ≤ m d) n ≥ m
(ii) Advantages of digital communication are
a) Easy multiplexing
b) Easy processing
c) Reliable
d) All of the mentioned
(iii) What are the disadvantages of digital communication?
a) Needs more bandwidth
b) Is more complex
c) Needs more bandwidth & is more complex
d) None of the mentioned
(iv) Analog to digital conversion includes
a) Sampling
b) Quantization
c) Sampling & Quantization
d) None of the mentioned
(v) Two vectors v and u are orthogonal if
a) ⟨ v ,u ⟩=0 and ⟨ v , v ⟩ =1 and ⟨ u ,u ⟩=1
b)⟨ v ,u ⟩=0 and ⟨ v , v ⟩ =0 and ⟨ u ,u ⟩=0
c) ⟨ v ,u ⟩=1 and ⟨ v , v ⟩ =0 and ⟨ u ,u ⟩=0
d) ⟨ v ,u ⟩=1 and ⟨ v , v ⟩ =1and ⟨ u ,u ⟩=1
(vi) A basis set for an N-dimensional signal space will contain
a) at least (N-1) signals
b) at the most N signals
c) N signals
d) N2 signals
(vii) The variance σ 2 of a random variable X is given by
c) E [ X 2 ] −{E [ X ] } d) E [ X 2 ] +{ E [ X ] }
2 2
a) E [X 2] b) {E [ X ] }2
(viii) X is a random variable with variance σ x 2 .The variance of (X + a) where a is a
constant is
a) (σ ¿¿ x+ a)2 ¿ b) σ x 2 c)(σ ¿ ¿ x ¿ ¿ 2+ a2)¿ ¿ d) (σ ¿ ¿ x ¿ ¿ 2 − a2)¿ ¿
(ix) A process is said to be an ergodic process if
a) its ensemble averages are different from time averages
b) it is not stationary
c) ensemble averages are same as time averages
d) it is neither continuous, nor discrete
(x) Random variables X and Y are such that E [ X .Y ] =E ¿, The random variables X and Y
are

a) statistically independent
 b) orthogonal
c) uncorrelated
d)Nothing can be concluded
(xi) For two Gaussian processes to be statistically independent, it is enough if
a) they are orthogonal
b) they are uncorrelated
c) they are orthogonal and one of them has zero-mean
d) they are uncorrelated and both are zero-mean
(xii) The power spectrum, SX(f), of a random process X(t) is a
a) real-valued function of frequency with even symmetry
b) complex-valued function of ‘f’ with conjugate symmetry
c) real-valued function of ‘f’ with even symmetry if X(t) is real valued
d) real-valued function of ‘f’ with odd symmetry
(xiii) If random variables X and Y are statistically independent, then fXY(x, y) is equal to
a) f X ( x )+ f Y ( x ) b) f X ( x ) . f Y ( x ) c) f X ( x ) ∗ f Y ( x ) d) f X ( x ) − f Y ( x )
(xiv) Auto-correlation function RX(t) of a stationary process X(t) is
a) a deterministic function with maximum value at τ = 0
b) a deterministic function which is periodic
c) a stationary random process
d) a periodic stationary process
(xv) The density function fX(x) of a discrete random variable X is given by
f x ( x ) =0.2 δ ( x − 1 )+ 0.2 δ ( x − 2 )+ 0.4 δ ( x −3 ) + 0.15 δ ( x − 4 )+ 0.15 δ( x −5)
The mean value of X is:
a) 2.5 b) 3.2 c) 2.8 d) 3.0

Answer Keys:

Group – A
(Multiple Choice Type Questions)
1. (i) c (ii) d (iii) c (iv) c (v) a (vi) c

(vii) c (viii) b (ix) c (x) c (xi) b (xii) c

(xiii) b (xiv) a (xv) d

MODULE - II / UNIT - II
1. (i) Quantization is done in order to

a) improve the quality of the signal

b) improve the SNR at high frequencies
c) discretize the signal in the amplitude domain also
d) improve the SNR at low frequencies
(ii) Companding is used in the case of signals
a) having uniform amplitude distribution
b) having large peak-to-peak amplitude but small average power
c) having a large peak at high amplitude levels in their amplitude probability density
function
d) with large average powers
(iii) A binary PCM system with 256 quantizing levels has a sampling frequency of 7 kHz.
The bit rate of the system is
a) 56 kbps b) 28 kbps c) 1792 kbps d) 896 kbps
(iv) In a linear Delta Modulation (DM) system
a) only granular noise will be present
b) only slope overload noise will be present
c) both granular noise as well as slope overload noise can be eliminated
d) granular noise will be present but slope overload noise can be avoided by proper design
(v) The greatest advantage of Linear DM is
a) it requires very low sampling rates
b) it does not produce quantization noise
c) it uses only one-bit representation of each error sample and so the bit rate is quite low
d) its transmitter and receiver require very simple and inexpensive hardware
(vi) Quantization noise can be reduced by ________ the number of levels.
a) Decreasing b) Increasing c) Doubling d) Squaring
(vii) Which type of quantization is most preferable for audio signals for a human ear?
a) Uniform quantization
b) Non uniform quantization
c) Uniform & Non uniform quantization
d) None of the mentioned
(viii) To avoid aliasing
a) Reduce the bandwidth
b) Cut out high frequency
c) Reduce the bandwidth & cut out high frequency
d) None of the mentioned
(ix) The signal can be reconstructed
a) At Nyquist rate
b) Above Nyquist rate
c) At & above the Nyquist rate
d) None of the mentioned
(x) Non uniform quantization includes
a) Compression
b) Expansion
Answer Keys:

Group – A
(Multiple Choice Type Questions)
1. (i) c (ii) b (iii) a (iv) d (v) d (vi) b

(vii) b (viii) c (ix) c (x) c (xi) b (xii) b

(xiii) a (xiv) b (xv) d

MODULE - III / UNIT - III

1. (i) The line code which suppresses the dc component is
a) bipolar return-to-zero code
b) Manchester code
c) polar non-return-to-zero code
d)unipolar non-return-to-zero code
(ii) The line code which permits bit-timing recovery at the receiver, is

a) bipolar return-to-zero code

b) Manchester code
c) polar non-return-to-zero code
d) unipolar return-to-zero code

(iii) A raised cosine filter with a roll-off factor ρ = 1 gives a transmission bandwidth BT
equal to
a) 2W b) 0.5 W c) W d) 1.5W
(iv) The rate of decrease of a sinc pulse p(t) is
1 1 1
a) b) 2 c) d) None of these
t |t | |t |
(v) A roll-off factor value for the raised cosine spectrum that enables the receiver to extract
the timing signals required
for synchronization, is
a) 0 b) 1.5 c) 0.5 d) 1
(vi) If each pulse of the sequence to be detected is in _____ shape, the pulse can be
detected without ISI.
a) Sine b) Cosine c) Sinc d) None of the mentioned
(vii) A pulse shaping filter should satisfy two requirements. They are
a) Should be realizable
b) Should have proper roll off factor
c) Should be realizable & have proper roll off factor
d) None of the mentioned
(viii) The method in which the tail of one pulse smears into adjacent symbol interval is
called as
a) Inter symbol interference
b) Interbit interference
c) Inter channel interference
d) None of the mentioned
(ix) In the eye-pattern, as eye closes
a) ISI increases
b) ISI decreases
c) timing jitter increases
d) timing jitter decreases
(x) Matched filter provides _____ signal to noise ratio.
a) Maximum b) Minimum c) Zero d) Infinity
(xi) __________ are optimal filters?
Answer Keys:

Group – A
(Multiple Choice Type Questions)
1. (i) b (ii) d (iii) a (iv) c (v) d (vi) c

(vii) c (viii) a (ix) a (x) a (xi) a (xii) a

(xiii) d (xiv) c (xv) a

MODULE - IV / UNIT - IV

Group – A
(Multiple Choice Type Questions)
Each of 1 marks
1. (i) Which modulation scheme is also called as on-off keying method?
a) ASK b) FSK c) PSK d) GMSK
(ii) Which one of the following digital modulation scheme is not preferred when the
channel is non-linear?
a) QAM b) BFSK c) BPSK d) MSK
(iii) FSK reception is
a) Phase Coherent
b) Phase non coherent
c) Phase Coherent & non coherent
d) None of the mentioned
(iv) Which has same probability of error?
a) BPSK and QPSK
b) BPSK and ASK
c) BPSK and PAM
d) BPSK and QAM
(v) For a given probability of error, binary coherent FSK is inferior to binary coherent PSK
by
a) 0 dB b) 2 dB c) 3 dB d) 6 dB
(vi) For the same Pe, PSK, DPSK, QPSK when compared, QPSK requires
a) large power
b) equal powers
c) least power
d) cannot be compared
(vii) For a BPSK scheme, the bit error probability is given by
1
a) erfc
2 (√ )
Eb
2 N0

b)
1
2
erfc (√ )
1 Eb
2 2 N0

c)
1
2
erfc (√ )
Eb
N0

d)
1
2
erfc (√ )
1 Eb
2 N0
(viii) For a FSK scheme, the bit error probability is given by
1
a) erfc
2 (√ )
Eb
2 N0

b)
1
2
erfc (√ )
1 Eb
2 2 N0

c)
1
2
erfc (√ )
Eb
N0

d)
1
2
erfc (√ )
1 Eb
2 N0
(ix) In M-ary FSK, as M increases error
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Does not get effected
Answer Keys:

Group – A
(Multiple Choice Type Questions)
1. (i) a (ii) a (iii) c (iv) c (v) c (vi) c

(vii) c (viii) a (ix) b (x) b (xi) c (xii) a

(xiii) b (xiv) d (xv)d