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Essential Hypothesis Testing Formulas

This document outlines essential formulas for hypothesis testing, including Z-tests, T-tests, proportion tests, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, standard error, and confidence intervals. Each test is defined with its respective formula and variables involved. The document serves as a concise reference for statistical analysis methods.

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vbhagojiwar
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5 views3 pages

Essential Hypothesis Testing Formulas

This document outlines essential formulas for hypothesis testing, including Z-tests, T-tests, proportion tests, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, standard error, and confidence intervals. Each test is defined with its respective formula and variables involved. The document serves as a concise reference for statistical analysis methods.

Uploaded by

vbhagojiwar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Essential Hypothesis Testing Formulas

1. Z-Test (Known Variance or Large Sample)

One-sample Z-test for mean:

Z = (x_bar - mu_0) / (sigma / sqrt(n))

Where:

x_bar = sample mean

mu_0 = population mean under H0

sigma = population standard deviation

n = sample size

2. T-Test (Unknown Variance or Small Sample)

One-sample t-test:

t = (x_bar - mu_0) / (s / sqrt(n))

Two-sample t-test (independent samples, equal variances):

t = (x_bar1 - x_bar2) / (sp * sqrt(1/n1 + 1/n2))

Where pooled standard deviation sp is:

sp = sqrt(((n1 - 1)s1^2 + (n2 - 1)s2^2) / (n1 + n2 - 2))

3. Proportion Tests

One-sample z-test for proportion:

Z = (p_hat - p0) / sqrt(p0(1 - p0)/n)

Two-sample z-test for proportions:

Z = (p_hat1 - p_hat2) / sqrt(p(1 - p)(1/n1 + 1/n2))


Essential Hypothesis Testing Formulas

Where p = (x1 + x2) / (n1 + n2)

4. Chi-Square Tests

Chi-square test for variance:

chi^2 = (n - 1)s^2 / sigma0^2

Chi-square test for independence/goodness-of-fit:

chi^2 = Sum[(O - E)^2 / E]

Where:

O = observed frequency

E = expected frequency

5. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

F = Variance between groups / Variance within groups

F = MS_between / MS_within

Where:

MS = Mean Square = SS / df

SS = Sum of Squares

df = Degrees of Freedom

6. Standard Error (SE)

For mean: SE = s / sqrt(n)

For difference in means: SE = sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2)

For proportion: SE = sqrt(p(1 - p)/n)


Essential Hypothesis Testing Formulas

7. Confidence Interval (CI)

For mean (sigma known):

CI = x_bar +- Z_(alpha/2) * (sigma / sqrt(n))

For mean (sigma unknown):

CI = x_bar +- t_(alpha/2, df) * (s / sqrt(n))

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