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Class Notes

The document provides an overview of alternating current (AC) circuit analysis, including key concepts such as instantaneous value, peak value, RMS value, and average value of AC waves. It also compares AC and direct current (DC) in terms of their properties, applications, and circuit components. Additionally, it discusses sinusoidal waveforms, power calculations, and resonance in circuits.

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NIRBHAY KANT
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7 views95 pages

Class Notes

The document provides an overview of alternating current (AC) circuit analysis, including key concepts such as instantaneous value, peak value, RMS value, and average value of AC waves. It also compares AC and direct current (DC) in terms of their properties, applications, and circuit components. Additionally, it discusses sinusoidal waveforms, power calculations, and resonance in circuits.

Uploaded by

NIRBHAY KANT
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING / NETWORK THEORY ss AC Circuit Analysis Ee wave e- Alternating wave or alternating current wave changes its @ magnitude and polarity at regular intervals of time. + Alternating wave is a representation of how alternating current changes over time. + AC is a type of electrical current that periodically reverses direction and changes in magnitude. after r whos interval oF time Time Magnitude ‘eg Alternating current Alternating Q 1a + The quantity that changes continuously in magnitude between zero and a maximum value with alternating direction at regular time intervals is known as an e alternatin, i @ g quantity such as current (I) or voltage (V). Instantaneous Value of Alternating waves It is the value of the AC at a specific mo_ments in time during the cycle. @ WW®=Vasinot, i(t)=Ipsinot — representing ony quantita @ aa fret ion ¢ time: Time t Peak value of Alterna waves + The peak value of an alternating wave is the highest value of current or voltage that the wave reaches in one cycle either positive or @ _inegative. @ + The peak value is also known as the crest value or amplitude value. Peak Value / Crest / amplitude the woaweform repeoks itself. RMS value of Alternating waves + The RMS value of an alternating wave is the DC value that would produce the same amount of power as the alternating current wave. ae ems = &® Dc Sottage srms= peak, T 240v| Peaks peak a 3 value (Vp) Wee, Vp-p= Bin Time * The RMS Value a an maha ing Waveform is 0.707 times or = times 4 of the peak value. Vins = “2, — Tems = 42 Csinvsoida) “ Sin oF cos Average value of Alternating waves + The average value of an alternating wave is the average of all the instantaneous values during one alternation. @ ~ The average value of an alternating wave over acomplete cycleis © zero. + The average value of a alternating waveform is equal to 0.637 time of the maximum value or peak value. (over half yole) Vavg =2¥"=0.637Vm| — [lavg = 22 = 0.6371m — value= oma under curve in one period time peviod presentation of Sinusoidal waveform + The sinusoidal waveforms are periodic waveforms. + The shape of sinusoidal waveforms can be plotted by using the function of sine or cosine from trigonometry. % + The polarity of sinusoidal waveforms changes every eycle. * Asinusoidal waveform can be represented in following methods- (i) Mathematical representation (ii) Graphical representation Mathematical Representati + Time domain representation, A® =Ansin(at+o)] — AC)= Am cos[wt +6] Where, A(t) = Instantaneous value of amplitude Ay = Maximum or peak value of amplitude w= Angular frequency =2nf' fp rreque (Hz) t=Time (Gos) \ ee ee aa = Phase angle + Frequency domain representation, AQ = wa Bg fe) + B(F+ Fo] < fosviertranfoxm Variable a Period. Graphical Representati + The sinusoidal waveform can be represented as a vector, rotating anticlockwise with angular frequency (w). m> Totats. the vestor b check, ok ight to plot sin carve Sinusoidal waveform — votate vector & check in the time domain _ base to plot wsine Cuyue- Rotating phasor Comparative Study of A Factors Alternating Current | Direct Current 1. Magnetic field ¢ Unstable/ reversible | Stable/ Irreversible 2. Instantaneous value of current [i(t)] Insinot lac 3. Maximum value of current (Im) V2 - Irms OF 5 lavg Tae 21 4. Average value of current (Iayg) =n = 0.636lm oe 1 5. Effective value of current (Ims) A = 0.707Im lac 6. Transmission at high voltage Expensive Economical over P ; Expensive and 7. Distribution at low voltage Cheap and easy pete 8. Frequency (O) = 50 Hz ma 9. Skin effect Yes No 10. Inductive reactance X, = 2nfl. zero, {f= 0} fal Comparative Study of A.C. and D. Factors Alternating Current | Direct Current 11. Capacitive reactance) Xe = 1/2nfC infinite, {f = 0} 12. Reactance X= (X, ~ Xc) X, =0,X¢ =0 @ Zz 13, Impedance = VFR Liste e 14. Current (By Ohm's law) l=v/Z 1=V/R 15. Inductive current 1, = V/2nfL, 1, = @ (infinite) Z, =p Cac) 16. Capacitive current I = 2ncv~ V/] e=0 Zaplde) (a) Alternator (a) Cell and battery E eotacenst eg cere (d) Oscillator (d) Rectifier tive Study of A.C. and D.C Factors Alternating Current Direct Current Alternator, measuring pena oo eeract instrument, electronic device, | Measvnns i transformer, Induction motor, | Mot nctand 18. Uses & application | induction instrument, induction | eer en ma erot meter, Induction relay, Eee pee ad batteries charging, Inductance furnace welding, heating press etc. electroplating, electrolysis, electronic circuit etc. Average & RMS value of periodic signals Average value =DC value Vayg = Voc value equal to zero 7 Ep vitae = %/period * Any function whose cycle is repeated continuously. © Symmetrical AC signal, average RMS value Veins = 2 f v2(tdt If = = ap + a,coswt + azcos2wt + -- Le ag + 2 (a? + a3 +-- + BF bS ) area, under squat Qrta Over one pera, * [renee Symmetric oh ts re ‘above & below t- axis. +b,sinwt} foe series) Yms : took ot cae ot Square c+ Yor al Some factor of AC signal Peak factor or Crest factor PE; _ Maximum value Sime/costng “Total Time period ~ RMS value _ __RMS value Form factor EF. = “Average value Simusoid = Average value Area under the curve QO Representation of Sinusoidal Wave forms with its rms Value, Average Value, Form Factor and Peak Factor- : Form Timedomain | RMS | Average Waveforms |e as ae a Peak factor (K,) | @ Sinusoidal 7 = 1 141 Lv, v Full wave |" 6, 11 141 rectifier | {*V~)_ ly rae | 157 20 QO Representation of Sinusoidal Wave forms with its rms Value, Average Value, Form Factor and Peak Factor- . - Form Waveforms ect eae reat factor | Peak factor (Kr) e (Kr) Square : : wave a 1414 1414 = \nxT/, Pevidd=T Pus Wa, Trte(P= Vy QO Representation of Sinusoidal Wave forms with its rms Value, Average Value, Form Factor and Peak Factor- : : Form Time domain | RMS | Average e Waveforms | Time dom eee Ese = Peak factor (Kr) v Triangular | ,| 4 4 Veme = ma) pees " _| Ys = | Vavg =| 146 173 Triangular = Ym = Ym pati Val Vinms B Vavg == 1.16 1.73 oT 2 : ang of sine hoop cycle Te “to =n JTasin do ae T 7 Voy, Goose) : Vay, Ccos.0- cost) ao . Vy (1-@0) Tastantaneous Power pws Mems Tema [eos - cos (awe tovs00) pw coset ater et “a0 "or vag” volt) = Vm sen (wt + Ov) w= same Ce) = Dm sen (wt +8) Y Linear n/ur instantaneous power alto querage power pee) = vce) ect) Fave = Varn Lens coed = Vim tin cen (wt +8v) sin(wt + Oi) . ae [cos (By-8t) — Cos Que +6vt 8) J = Oy-O¢ a = by fn [cos (8-81) -cos (20 +6yt6i)) J 6 a Ev Power of A Wie) ES acm es p= Ov- 8 Active powe Roerage power Teak power P= VinmskinsCOS => Vmnlmcos units Watt Ina purely resistive circuit 6 = 0 Ina pure capacitive circuit =-90° (lead) Ina pure inductive circuit @ = 90° (lag) Reactive power Q=Vimsliimssing, unit = VAR other name- Wattless power, Quadrature power Apparent power S =Vimslrms , unit = VA Expected power S=VI" =P+jQ fi tote Complex power +Q indicates lagging reactive power, (ind) -Q indicates leading reactive power. Ccap) Power of A WielfeE mac mes Power triangle Vicosi=P ok hee = fae Q>0 Capnettive load Vicos=P Fhducte load Power factor b= v-be It is the cosine of the angle between the voltage and cue in any ac circuit. P _ Watt cosh == For Cosh = a series CkE cos$= Re poral cke cosg = GK Siew Onell cella QA Brief Comparative study of RLC Components used in Alternating Current Circuits- Factors For study | Brief comparative description of RLC Components used in @ alternating current Circuits- Name of element Resistor Inductor Capacitor Name of property _| Resistance Inductance Capacitance Symbol R L ic Units a H F Symbol with ohmic] po Xo Xa value Ohmic value in| po ae ae form of » oc Ohmic value in 1 paner Ra 2nf. LO =o Single Phase AC Circuit Factors For study Brief comparative description of RLC Components used in alternating current Circuits- phase Symbol of voltage _| Va = InR Volt (V)_[V.=[Link] volt(V) _| Vo = IcXc volt(V) Symbol of vena Ki sjol= |Z 2x, = impedance anita xd ani Phase angle (P.A) | @ = 0° same phase | @ = 90° (lag) =-90" (lead) Powerfactor(P.F) |S = 1 same cosp = 0 cosp = 0 phase Mee Reactive factor a : (RF) sinp=0 §=0 o Q>r0 ing §f L:dominaty fella) RL RC RLC cos = t (ag) cos = #8 dead) ees cos = $ =y Y (Lead) ;1¢ >I, C:dominaks) lag) jh. > le [Link] cos = 1h, =Ic G: conductomee= Y= | esonane, ® y, 24 5: susceptance Me Yel Ve yar yeah a i L RAR jar Kd *G YY equc= {= eye yt elgg Parallel Resonance circuit Series Resonance Circuit nek eer asks as se + Resonance condition |I,| = |Ic|_ X= Ky + Resonance condition X¢ = Xi, |V,| = Wel + Resonance current: | 1, = =~ 1p = minimum . =p + Resonance impedance Z=L/CR = maximum Y = minimum v + Resonance current: T | = maximum Vp=V_ “f= manimem eeerreseee reise Z=R= minimum, Y= maximum + Resonance Frequency i n=? nee * Resonance Frequency + rad/sec fy = atl Hz Wo = Parallel Resonance Circuit Series Resonance Circuit Y Power @ | Powerfactor | i, dmittance)| "| factor Z (Impedance) © < Op | lag Inductive | © <@o | lead Capacitive @ > Wo | lead Capacitive | @ > Wo | lag Inductive x Unity Resistive @ = wp | Unity power | Resistive © = Wo | power factor f factor 1 Tara pte tm ey eye wnat Ie Lea talon #a Th 1 eae RY yd ate oe (@y+e J fy +1G) tig Jade fig Wo = aout fo = Vif Hz ee = Gaal fo = Vfif, Hz Where, w, = Lower frequency, w2 = #0 \\, = max Upper frequency, Re Parallel Resonance circuit Series Resonance Circuit + Bandwidth B.W=,-0 = Wo — + Bandwidth =| dw =B- W=* — @; = © — “2, «2 = wy +“ 1 = Wy — Bw, = wy + eM rower atti power Pau P > 2Pmin > V2lmins ¥ == + Power at half power frequency Pax 1 5 lax 7 = PSS", 1>-0%,Z=V2R x + Quality factor QF = as ( Maximum energy stored in the circuit tone cycle “Total energy dissipated by the circuit , ) + Quality factor = Mul = Wel Oey amay, es ce Circuit Parallel Resonance circuit Series Resonance Circuit ak resonance (fel = Sf, + At resonance Z = R and Z = & (dynamic impedance) + Circuit becomes purely resistive circuit + A parallel resonance circuit behaves as band stop filter. Cvejects 0, c Pretucney Frequency (fo) = 2avie Impedance (Z) = Infinite Admittance (Y) = 0 Impedance (Z of xesoranet) (zero) (2) =< (real) = Be Aamiiae m= Polyphase (3-) System m Star-Delta Connection e (a) Star Connection: e I, Cline acrront) gop T, = Ipn| |Vi = V3VpA| [Ip + ly + Ip = 0 Line to Line voltage ov line voltage Note: Line voltage are 30° leading from the corresponding phase voltage. IE) MDY=1i eM @Co) al a(eleicc) Vi = Vph| 1, = V3lph Vea + Vy + Vp = 0 Note: Line currents are lagging by 30° from their corresponding phase currents. Power in (3-) At In terms of In terms of Line pores Phase quantity | quantity Active power (P) +(W) P = 3 Vpnlpncosd | p = V3 ViI,cos Reactive power (Q) +(VAR) | Q= 3 Vpnlpnsing | Q = V3 ViI,sing Apparent power (S)—»(VA)_ |S = 3y,4,!ph S=V3 VIL $= angle b/w Vpn & Loy = impedance angle Impedamet is alaoays token te phowe Z=\ph, “h DC response of R-L & Step response of R-L circuit Step response of R-C circuit R oe i(@): L>short i = Ye i= fe *(- Me | 4 \ steady state transient state Response Response Where, time constant ti Ip = initially charged inductor current 0 st stake vue voo= [ve “evi (1 VO=VO+V, 0 ‘ Transient state Response Ve) = [V(0) — ViJe/*ue) Ves (t) = Yiuct) Where, t = RC, V(0) = initially charged capacitor voltage ‘Steady state Response DC response of R-L & R-C Circuit Step response of R-L circuit Step response of R-C circuit At steady state inductor behave as short circuited. 1 chargea cs paren alg t (a) Initially charged inductor i(t) (b) Initially uncharged inductor. (a) Initially charged capacitor V(t) 0 (b) initially uncharged capacitor Sinusoidal response of R-L & R-L Circuit t=0 WwwoO 2) fe voOO) iw c= V(t) = Vmcos(wt + ) V(t) = Vmcos(wt + ) i= aaa fet i= [fester o)-_es ee Wa —t < Transient ox(e on) oolong a mcosfut+ o—tan-'(%)}] | mene Steely sie ae steady State cos (wt + + tan“**)] Principle of Duality Resistance (R) [Conductance (G)| [di er Inductance (L) | Capacitance (C) = 7 au Impedance (2) | Admittance (Y) io | Jv le Voltage (V) __ |Current (1) VDR CDR Voltage Source |Current Source Voc Isc Node Mesh. Series path Parallel path Opencircuit | Short circuit KCL KVL Thevenin Norton Star Network _ [Delta Network Ri (t) GVH) Most Expected Questions For All AE/JE Exams estion - 01 The line voltage of a delta connected three phase circuit is 415 V . The phase voltage is: Le Vph. @ (a) 230V (b) 240 V (c) 20V @f415V How does the power factor affect the reading of a wattmeter if voltage and current are unaltered? e (a) The reading is independent of the power factor. (b) The reading increases with square of the power factor. 4G The reading increases with the power factor. (d) The reading decreases with the power factor. canoe =Pa cosh P= VE cosq An R ~ L series circuit, where R = 100 and L = 0.056H, is connected to an AC supply of frequency 50 Hz. The magnitude of impedance of the @ circuit is: XL=wl= Inxx 0-056 (a) 5.230 Stace (b) 10.230 Ze VR eK 420.230 on = Yidetee ~bo [ d[e) or) A series R—L—C circuit having R = 50,L = 400 H and C = 4F is fed from a 40020° volt supply. Then the voltage across the capacitor at @ resonance will be (a) 40 Vez QVp = UE Ve (b) 1000 V Pals F800 V aye (a) 200 V = B00V ae With respect to AC fundamentals of an electrical Se the ratio of the @ 22 under the curve to the base is called e Gfaverage veluc (b) peak value (c) RMS value (d) effective value What is the reactive power of a 3-phase, delta-connected system with line voltage of 100 V and line current of 40 A if the phase difference @ between the voltage and the current is 36.87° ? 44.155 KVAR 9- But sing (b) 8.155 kVAR (c) 6.155 KVAR (d) 2155 kKVAR = V3 xloo x Yo sn36-8F = 2ueVva Total Reactive Power drawn from a three-phase balanced load where line voltage =, Line current =1,, Phase voltage =Vp and Phase @ current = Ip is given by: (a) V3Vplpsin p (b) V3ViI,cos@ G3 Viksing (€) V3Vplpcos The calculation of sending and receiving end voltage in an AC ring @ layout considers the voltage drop of: e (a) inductance alone (b) resistance alone < ole 4 (©) capacitance alone (&Fcombined effects of resistance, inductance and capacitance = What do you understand by fundamental period of a signal? @ a) Time taken to complete first cycle of a periodic signal @ $time taken to complete every cycle of a periodic signal (c) Time taken to complete last cycle of a periodic signal (d) Time taken to complete every cycle of an aperiodic signal A 415 V, 3-phase voltage is applied to a balanced star connected purely resistive load of 10. What is the ratio of reactive power to active e@ power? (a) 100 % = tang (b) Infinity R-load $20 Q=0 ©1 %=0 go In an electrical signal waveform, if each value on the curve is proportional to sine of the angle of rotation of the coil, then such a wave @ is called : (a) Ramp wave (b) Square wave (c) Triangular wave ine wave In an electrical circuit, the current that changes periodically, both in @ magnitude and direction, at regular intervals of time is called -@ (a) Direct current (b) Phase current (©) Leading current Ff Alternating current Which of the following statements in NOT correct about active power in an AC circuit? e Teattive Powe GF Active power is the power dissipated in the pure inductance (a) Active power can be measured in terms of kilo watt (0) Active power is the power dissipated in the pure resistance (d) Active power depend on power factor _) An RLC series circuit has resonance frequency of 170 kHz and quality factor of 25. Find the bandwidth of the circuit. e 6.8 kH: Woy = oon ml 50 Hz ai (0) 68 kHz Bw % hs (d) 13.6 kHz = 6-8 KHz Se Lon =f Ina three-phase balanced star connected system, which of the following e@ will hold true [¢ is the angle between phase voltage and phase current.] (a) The angle between line currents and the corresponding line voltages are in phase. \@A The angle between line currents and the corresponding line voltages is 30° + ¢ for lagging. (c) The angle between line currents and the corresponding line voltages is 30° + ¢ for leading. (d) The angle between line currents and the corresponding line voltages is 30° — ¢ for lagging. If the peak value of an alternating current is 8A, then the RMS value of the current will be @ GF4NZA 7m = a? ig oe (b) V3A (©) 2v3 A (@) 3V2A SE A resistor of resistance R is connected in series with a coil having an ° inductance of L henry. If X;, is the value of inductive reactance, what is e the value of net impedance of the circuit? @= (0) (RFX? AIR TK? @& 18 [ d[e) An RLC series circuit has R = 50 and L = 1H. Which of the following e@ values of capacitance will make this circuit critically damped ? (a) 0.20 F GFf0.16 F () 0.08 F (d) 0.30 F E21 ol=ur A> Me oat a* Ne _) Sa What are the signs of wattmeter W, and W,, respectively, if the power @ {actor of the system. is 0.5? e a L ok cosh =o @ Positive and 0 one wattmeter shows O Tags (b) Positive and positive () Negative and positive (d) Positive and negative __) The ratio of the RMS value to the average value of an AC is known as: @ LFform factor @ (b) crest factor (0) peak factor (d) amplitude factor fey ion - What is the power factor angle of an RC series circuit? @ 6) tan (*) $= Ean Xe ° (b) tan (*) = tar Lock (c) tan-? (S) Gian (Ta) ee The formula for rms value of sinusoidal signal in terms of peak to peak e@ voltage, Vp-p is Vor Ke \b- oe pee PEL Qo%gt me POY on @= uestion Which of the following statement is not correct about a sine wave? @ (a) Frequency is the reciprocal of time period _ Prequenyy @ #9 Time period is the number of cycles per seconds (c) RMS value is 0.7 times the peak value (d) Peak voltage is another name for amplitude A capacitor of capacitance C farad is connected in parallel with a resistance of RQ. An AC voltage of V volt supplied across the circuit. If the current flowing through resistance is equal to Ip and current flowing @ through the capacitors is equal to |, What is the value of the total current flowing through the circuit? ig through Rey @1=v(Z+£< 90°) @)1=V +2< 90°) Re wev 290 dead Vv by $0 @l=V & c G + oR < 90°) =V(z+ wl < 90°) Vow Quervage An alternating voltage V=200sin100t, Find the afxpfifade and frequency. 2x Vy @ frequency. y, e (@) Vavg, = 130 V,f = 30 Hz Yx20 (b) Vavg = 124V,f = 30 Hz = oof, Gra = 1274 V,f= 15.9 Hz : fr> 9% (d) Vavg = 123 V,f = 25.6 Hz 21 =o Yon = 50, SRN eS SP Pe: Oro nr fr OF fF 9 2 Ss 5 12. os 14. 15. 16. 17 18. 19. 20. Com COE) Pr WO > D> Wo Oo) Ina pure inductive circuit if the supply frequency is reduced to 1/10" of the previous value, the current will be: e (a) the same Xe (b) reduced by one tenth - (ren times high a= Oy ax (a) reduced to one tenth Mas uy, fey te Lew, __) SS The equation for active power in a three-phase star connected circuit is : e fr = v3 ViILcos @ (b) P= V3 [Link] (c) P=3 YILsind (d) P=3 Vi ILcos jestion A capacitor of 90 F is connected across a 230 V, 50Hz single- phase @ supply. Calculate rms value of the current. e @1Aa Fra: Ver (b) 4.3 A a () Zero = wC Vien GFOSA = Inxsox 9oxi56 ¥230 = 230 x 9xlo> = 2040 xto* 22-07 power is the vector sum of resistive and reactive power and is @ measured in volt-amps. e (a) Resistive power (b) True power Ff Apparent power (a) Real power Se The effective value calculated for half cycle of an alternating quantity is: @ Meameas calculated for one cycle @ (b) twice as calculated for one cycle (0) half as calculated for one cycle (d) thrice as calculated for one cycle _) Se Watts = @ Mireosh (b) VI sing (c) Vitano (d) Vicot ‘An ac source of 200 V rms supplies an active power of 1200 W and reactive power of 1600 VAR to a load. The rms current and the power e@ factor of the load respectively are G10 A and 0.6 cS (Pe = Vi20t +1608" (b) 8 A and 0.8 = 2000 (c) 10 A and 0.8 Vem Tem = 2000 (d) 8 A and 0.6 Pra 2009/ ‘200 elo of = 06 (oltre eee) Which of the following is the expression for quality factor of parallel RLC circuit ? @ @; & wif arf iti IR i (dc _) SS Which of the following represents the quality factor of a series RLC @ circuit? @ Bx | RYC 1 [c orf OR c (@) R= In single phase AC circuit with impedance Z and resistance R, power factor is given by @ (a)Z/R QFR/Z (c) Cos (R/Z) (a) Sin (Z/R) What is the frequency of the waveform shown below? @ @50Hz y Oo ean 0.02 Second (d) 75 Hz =—h cone y= 002 T=0-04 feke 25Hz Krad What is the bandwidth (in kHz ) of a series RLC circuit having resistance, inductance and capacitance of 800hms, 2mH and 0.01 mF @ respectively? gy. Ay rad/s 10 . es = typ = okra wo 7 . (d) 80 Bena wal _) Se The Q-factor of a parallel resonant circuit is given by @ otk e VRC Ic oon fe ifa OnJic Ox , by default: rms The peak voltage in a 220 V AC sources is @ @Hov peaks \Exem ° (b) 220 V (c) about 160 V Fabout 310 V [\d[e) For the same peak value of voltage, which wave form will have the least rms value? e (a)Sine wave YWyg OF Triangular wave Yn{gz (©) Square wave Vm (d) None of these oll afeya ee ae Consider a three-phase system and match the following A. Active power D. V3VilL B. Reactive power E. ¥3V,|,sin o C. Apparent power F. V3V.I,cos (a) A-E, B-F, C-D (b) A-F, B-D, C-E (0) A-D, BF, C-E (d) A-F, BE, C-D jestion - 42 Ina circuit, voltage and current are given by V = 10sin(wt + 30°) and 1 = 10sin(wt — 30°). Calculate the power consumed in this circuit. e (a) 100 W (b)50W (15 W (a) 25 W [d[e) A series circuit has R=10 ohms L=0.1H and C=10F. The Q factor is @ (100 @ (b) 10 (2 (d) None of the above [ d[e) 44 The average power consumed in purely inductive circuit is: @ (2023 @ (b) 0 (05 (d)1 2 vest The current in an RLC series circuit at resonance is @ (a) maximum (b) minimum (0) infinity (d) zero A RIC circuit has a resistance of 6 ohm, inductive reactance of 8 ohm, capacitive reactance of 16 ohm, the impedance ohm of circuit will be. @ (a) 10 ohm (b) 16 ohm (c)8 ohm (d) 6 ohm Se Ina parallel resonant circuit, the input impedance of the circuit is @ @) maximum O° (b) minimum (0) zero (d) infinite In RLC circuits, the electric current at resonance is @ (a) maximum in series circuit and minimum in parallel circuit. @ (b) maximum in parallel circuit and minimum in series circuit (©) maximum in both the circuits (d) minimum in both the circuits Consider the following statements: Ifa high Q parallel resonant circuit is loaded with a resistance @ 1. The circuit impedance reduces. 2. The resonant frequency remains the same. 3. The bandwidth reduces. Which of the above statements is/are corrected? (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) lonly (d) 1,2 and 3 If the Q-factor of a coil at resonant frequency of 1.5 MHz is 150 for a series resonant circuit, then the corresponding bandwidth is @ (a) 225 MHz (b) 1.06 MHz (c) 50 kHz (d) 10 kHz SeGh > OD > 36. 37s 38. ose 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. ¢ cS B eee ee aa) Tom CAE) 46.A 47.A 48.A 49.B 50. D

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