Determination of Hardness:

Method 1: This method is suitable for the determination of water samples with a hardness of 1-
100 μmol/L (small hardness).
a) Take 100 mL of water sample and inject it into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask;
b) Add 3 mL ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer solution, 2-3 drops of 0.5% acid chrome blue
K indicator;
c) Under constant shaking, titrate with a 0.001mol/L EDTA standard solution with a micro
burette, and the solution turns from wine red to blue, which is the end point.
The whole process is completed within 5 minutes, and the temperature is not lower than 15°C.
Record the volume a consumed by the EDTA standard solution;
Calculation formula of hardness (YD) content (μmol/L) in water sample:
M ×a
YD= ×103
V
In the formula:
M──Molar concentration of EDTA standard solution; mol/L;
a──The volume of EDTA standard solution consumed for titrating the water sample, mL;
V──The volume of the water sample, mL.

Method 2: This method is suitable for the determination of water samples with hardness >
0.5mmol/L (large hardness);
a) Take 100mL water sample and inject it into a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask;
b) Add 5mL ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer solution and 2 drops of 0.5% chrome black T
indicator;
c) Under constant shaking, titrate with 0.02mol/L EDTA standard solution, and the solution
turns from wine red to blue, which is the end point.
Record the volume a of the EDTA standard solution consumed,
Calculation formula of hardness (YD) content (mmol/L) in water sample:
M ×a
YD= ×103
V
In the formula:
M──Molar concentration of EDTA standard solution; mol/L;
a──The volume of EDTA standard solution consumed for titrating the water sample, mL;
V──The volume of the water sample, mL.

Determination method of silicon

1. Take 100mL water sample and pour it into a plastic cup, add 3mL ammonium molybdate
solution, mix well, and let it stand for 5 min;
2. Add 3mL of 10% oxalic acid (or tartaric acid) solution, mix well and let stand for 1min;
3. Add 2mL of 1-2-4 acid reducing agent, mix well and let stand for 8 min.
Determination of hydrazine:

Take 50mL water sample and pour it into a plastic cup, add 5mL p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-
sulfuric acid solution accurately, mix well and let it stand for 3min. On a spectrophotometer, use a
wavelength of 455nm, a 30mm cuvette, and use high-purity water as a reference for
measurement Absorbance.

Determination of iron:

Take 50ml of water sample and pour it into a 100ml Erlenmeyer flask, add 1mL of concentrated
hydrochloric acid, heat and concentrate until the volume is slightly less than 25mL, cool to about
30°C, add 1mL of hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, shake well, let it stand for 5min, add
5mL of 0.1% phenanthrene Shake the roline solution, add a small piece of Congo red test paper,
slowly add ammonia water dropwise, so that the Congo red test paper changes from blue to purple
(red is excessive), add 5mL acetic acid-ammonium acetate buffer solution, shake well Transfer it
into a 50mL volumetric flask, make it up to the mark with high-purity water, and measure its
absorbance on a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 510nm and a 100mm cuvette, using
high-purity water as a reference. After deducting the reagent blank from the measured absorbance
of the water sample, check the working curve to obtain the iron content of the water sample.

Determination of copper:

Measure 100mL of water sample into a 200mL beaker, add 1mL of concentrated hydrochloric
acid, heat and concentrate until the volume is slightly less than 50mL, after cooling, transfer to a
50mL volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark with high-purity water. Then transfer it to the
original 200mL beaker, add 10mL of 10% tri-ammonium citrate solution, and mix well. Add
0.5mL of 0.005% neutral red indicator, neutralize with 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until
the neutral red indicator changes from red to just yellow, then add 10mL of borax buffer solution.
After mixing, add 1mL of di-cyclohexanone oxalyldihydrazone solution, and use a wavelength of
600nm, 100mm
Use high-purity water as a reference to measure the absorbance of the cuvette. After deducting the
reagent blank from the measured absorbance of the water sample, check the working curve to
obtain the iron content of the water sample.

Use of acidity meter (pH):

1. Pour about 100ml of the water sample to be tested into the plastic beaker, wash the electrode
with the water sample, and then pour it out.
2. Repeat step 1 to clean the electrode at least twice.
3. Use the method in step 1 to take the water sample to be tested, insert the electrode into the
beaker, press the "measure" button to measure, and wait for the measured value to stabilize.
4. When the AR icon stops flashing, the measured value can be read.
Notice:
1. When measuring, the bulb at the front end of the electrode should be completely submerged in
the sample water.
2. The electrode is made of glass, so handle it with care and don't bump it!

Sodium Meter Instructions for Use

1. Add 3-4 drops of alkalization solution di-isopropyl amine to the plastic beaker, then add about
100mL of the water sample to be tested, and shake the plastic beaker gently for a few seconds.
2. Rinse the electrode with the alkalized water sample and discard it.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 to clean the electrode at least twice.
4. Use the method in step 1 to take the alkalized water sample to be tested, insert the electrode into
the beaker, and wait for the measured value to stabilize.
5. When the stable indicator shows stable, the measured value can be read out.
Notice:
1. If the sodium ion concentration of the water sample is high, the electrode can be cleaned twice; if
the concentration is small, it is recommended to clean the electrode several times to minimize
interference and obtain more accurate measurement values.
2. The electrode is made of glass, so handle it with care and don't bump it!

Conductivity Meter Instructions for Use

1. Clean the electrode with the water sample to be tested, and then pour it away;
2. Repeat step 1 to clean the electrode at least twice;
3. Use the method in step 1 to take the water sample to be tested, insert the electrode into the
beaker, press the "measure" button to measure, and wait for the measured value to stabilize.
4. When the AR icon stops flashing, the measured value can be read.
Notice:
1. If the conductivity value of the water sample is large, the electrode can be cleaned twice; if the
conductivity value is small, it is recommended to clean the electrode several times to minimize
interference and obtain more accurate measurement values.
2. It is strictly forbidden to measure beyond the limit. If the conductivity value of the water sample
exceeds the measurement range of the electrode used, it will cause electrode polarization, which
will reduce the measurement accuracy of the electrode and cause the electrode to fail.
3. The electrode is made of glass, so handle it with care and don't bump it!

Infrared Oil Analyzer:

Measurement steps
1. Press the "ON/OFF" key to turn on the machine.
2. Select "5. 121B-square-ppm" and press "ENTER" to confirm.
3. Use a straw to pipette n-hexane into a square cuvette, put the cuvette into the measuring cell, and
close the lid. Then press the "CAL" key to correct the sample blank.
After 4.8 seconds, the measurement ends and asks whether to save the result.
5. Press " " to change "N" to "Y", then press "ENTER" to save the sample blank.
6. Use a straw to pipette the oil sample in water into a square cuvette, put the cuvette into the
measuring pool, and cover it with a lid. for
To ensure the consistency of the measurement, it is necessary to wait for 20 seconds before each
sample measurement. Press the "READ" key to measure the first
When a sample is set, the program starts counting down first, and when the timer becomes "00", it
automatically starts measuring the sample. Of
After that, only when the timer is "00", press the "READ" key, the sample will be measured.
After 7.8 to 30 seconds, the measurement is over, and the sample measurement result will be
displayed, and the required result is the measurement result ÷ 10.

Oil extraction procedure in water:

1. Put 50ml of water sample into a clean 50ml stoppered measuring cylinder.
2. Use 6mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the water sample to <2, and check it with
disposable pH test paper;
3. Add 5ml of n-hexane and close the lid.
4. After shaking the graduated cylinder vigorously for 2 minutes, extract the oil in the water.
5. It takes about 1 minute for n-hexane to separate from water. If the collected extract is in the form
of an emulsion, use a clean small
The tube was stirred and the emulsion was broken.
6. The n-hexane extract is on the upper layer of the graduated cylinder.
7. Use a straw to inject the extract into the test tube, wipe the outside of the test tube with a clean
paper or cloth, and close the lid.

Free Chlorine Total Chlorine Tester HI9977:

Chlorine measurement procedure

Reagents needed
No. Description Usage
HI93701A-F chlorine reagent A 3 drops
HI93701B-F Chlorine Reagent B 3 drops
1. Press the " " key to turn on the instrument, and enter the measurement interface after the
instrument self-checks.
2. In the measurement mode, press the "Methods" key to enter the method list, select Free Chlorine
(Liquid)
And press select to confirm.
3. Add 10ml of the water sample to be tested into the cuvette (to the scale line), and cover the
plastic stopper and lid.
3. Place the cuvette into the measuring chamber, making sure that the groove on the cover is
correctly positioned in the groove of the measuring chamber.
4. Press the "Zero" key, and the display will display "-0.0-" after zeroing the instrument, ready for
the next measurement.
5. Take out the cuvette and pour out the water sample. Add 3 drops of HI93701A-F Residual
Chlorine Reagent A and HI93701B-F Residual Chlorine Reagent B to an empty cuvette, swirl
gently to mix.
6. Add 10ml of the water sample to be tested into the cuvette (up to the mark), cover the plastic
stopper and lid, and shake gently to mix.
7. Place the cuvette into the measuring chamber, making sure that the groove on the cover is
correctly positioned in the groove of the measuring chamber.
8. Press the "Read" key, and a 1-minute countdown will appear on the display. When the
countdown ends, the instrument will read and display the measurement result mg/L "CL2" of the
water sample.

Total Chlorine Measurement Procedure:

Reagents needed
No. Description Usage
HI93701A-T total chlorine reagent A 3 drops
HI93701B-T total chlorine reagent B 3 drops
HI93701C-T total chlorine reagent C 3 drops
1. Press the " " key to turn on the instrument, and enter the measurement interface after the
instrument self-checks.
2. In the measurement mode, press the "Methods" key to enter the method list, select Free Chlorine
(Liquid)
And press select to confirm.
3. Add 10ml of the water sample to be tested into the cuvette (to the scale line), and cover the
plastic stopper and lid.
4. Put the cuvette into the measuring tank, make sure the groove on the cover is correctly
positioned in the groove of the measuring tank.
5. Press the "Zero" key, and the display will display "-0.0-" after zeroing the instrument, ready for
the next measurement.
6. Take out the cuvette and pour out the water sample. Add 3 drops of HI93701A-T total chlorine
reagent A, 3 drops to an empty cuvette
HI93701B-T Total Chlorine Reagent B and 1 drop of HI93701C-T Total Chlorine Reagent C, swirl
gently to mix.
7. Add 10ml of the water sample to be tested into the cuvette (to the scale line), cover the plastic
stopper and lid, and shake gently to mix.
8. Put the cuvette into the measuring tank, make sure the groove on the cover is correctly
positioned in the groove of the measuring tank.
9. Press the "Read" key, and a countdown of 2 minutes and 30 seconds will appear on the display.
When the countdown ends, the instrument will
A reading will be taken showing the measurement mg/L "CL2" for the water sample.
Note: The water sample should not have air bubbles, and the waiting time should not be too long.
During continuous measurement, each sample must be refilled.
Do a zero calibration.

Dissolved Oxygen Analyzer Instructions:

When using, select the appropriate adapter hose according to the thickness of the sampling pipeline
and install it on the joint of the water inlet pipe, and put the other end on the sample water pipeline,
and then put the drain pipe into the sink or ditch (bottom in and top out). Adjust the sample water
flow rate to (50-350) mL/min, press and hold the power button for more than 3 seconds to turn on
the meter to enter the measurement state, and read the measured concentration value after the value
is stable.
Notice:
Leakage is an important factor affecting the measurement, so during the measurement process,
ensure that the joints of the water inlet pipeline are tightened, and the insertion length of the
sampling hose and the sample water pipeline is greater than 20mm.
Since the electrode connection line is only used for signal transmission, please be careful not to
carry or pull this line during use.

Turbidity Meter Instructions:

1. Press the "power" key to turn on the instrument and enter the measurement mode.
2. Press ▲/6 or ▼/3 key to select the appropriate measurement mode.
3. Select (EPA 180) mode.
4. Slowly inject the evenly mixed sample into the colorimetric bottle, and tighten the cap (do not
shake the colorimetric bottle vigorously)
5. Use a soft cloth to wipe off any droplets or fingerprints on the cuvette
6. Gently insert the colorimetric bottle into the colorimetric cell, and cover the colorimetric cell
tightly with the plastic cover of the colorimetric cell.
7. Leave the colorimetric bottle in the colorimetric tank for 1-2 minutes.
8. Press the meas/9 key to start the measurement.
9. The measurement is finished and the data is displayed.
Note: During the measurement and after the measurement, the plastic cover of the colorimetric cell
must be used to cover and tighten the colorimetric cell.

硬度的测定
方法一：本法适用于测定硬度在 1～100μmol/L（小硬度）的水样。
a) 取水样 100mL 注于 250mL 锥形瓶中；
b) 加 3mL 氨-氯化铵缓冲溶液，2～3 滴 0.5%酸性铬蓝 K 指示剂；
c) 在不断摇动下，以 0.001mol/L EDTA 标准溶液用微量滴定管滴定，溶液由酒红色转为蓝色即为终点。
全部过程在 5 分钟内完成，温度不低于 15℃。
记录 EDTA 标准溶液所消耗的体积 a；
水样中硬度（YD）含量（μmol/L）的计算公式：
M ×a
YD= ×106
V
式中：M──EDTA 标准溶液的摩尔浓度；mol/L；
a──滴定水样所消耗 EDTA 标准溶液的体积，mL；
V──水样体积，mL。

方法二：本法适用于测定硬度＞0.5mmol/L（大硬度）的水样；
a) 取 100mL 水样注于 250mL 锥形瓶中；
b) 加 5mL 氨-氯化铵缓冲溶液，2 滴 0.5%铬黑Ｔ指示剂；
c) 在不断摇动下，用 0.02mol/L EDTA 标准溶液滴定，溶液由酒红色变为蓝色即为终点。
记录消耗 EDTA 标准溶液的体积 a，
水样中硬度（YD）含量（mmol/L）的计算公式：
M ×a
YD= ×103
V
式中：M──EDTA 标准溶液的摩尔浓度；mol/L；
a──滴定水样所消耗 EDTA 标准溶液的体积，mL；
V──水样体积，mL。

硅的测定方法
1、取水样 100mL 注入塑料杯中，加入 3mL 钼酸铵溶液，混匀后，放置 5min；
2、加入 3mL 的 10%草酸（或酒石酸）溶液，混匀后，放置 1min；
 3、加入 2mL 的 1-2-4 酸还原剂，混匀后放置 8min。

联氨的测定
取 50mL 水样注入塑料杯中，准确加入 5mL 对二甲氨基苯甲醛－硫酸溶液，混匀后放置 3min ，在分光光度
计上，用波长 455nm， 30mm 的比色皿，以高纯水作参比测定吸光度。

铁的测定
取 50ml 水样注入 100ml 的锥形瓶中，加入 1mL 浓盐酸，加热浓缩至体积略小于 25mL，冷却至
30℃左右，加入 1mL 盐酸羟胺溶液，摇匀，静置 5min，加入 5mL 0.1%邻菲啰啉溶液，摇匀，加入一
小块刚果红试纸，慢慢滴加氨水，使刚果红试纸恰由蓝色转变为紫色（红色为过量），加入 5mL 乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶
液，摇匀后移入 50mL 容量瓶中，用高纯水定容至刻度，在分光光度计上，用波长 510nm ，100mm 的比
色皿，以高纯水为参比测定其吸光度。测得的水样吸光度扣除试剂空白后，查工作曲线即得水样的铁含量。

铜的测定
量取 100mL 水样于 200mL 烧杯中，加入 1mL 浓盐酸，加热浓缩至体积略小于 50mL，冷却后，移入
50mL 容量瓶，并用高纯水稀释至刻度。再移入原 200mL 烧杯中，加入 10mL10%柠檬酸三铵溶液，混
匀。加 0.5mL0.005%中性红指示剂，用 2mol/L 氢氧化钠溶液中和至中性红指示剂从红色转变到恰为黄色，
加入 10mL 硼砂缓冲溶液。混匀后，加入 1mL 双环己酮草酰二腙溶液，用波长为 600nm，100mm
比色皿，以高纯水作参比，测定其吸光度。测得的水样吸光度扣除试剂空白后，查工作曲线即得水样的铁含量。

酸度计（PH）的使用
1.向塑料烧杯中倒入约 100ml 的待测水样，用该水样清洗电极，然后倒掉。
2.重复步骤 1，至少清洗电极两遍。
3.用步骤 1 的方法再取待测水样，将电极插入烧杯，按“measure”键进行测量，等待测量值稳定。
4.当 AR 图标停止闪烁时，即可读取测量值。
注意：
1.测量时，电极前端的球泡要完全浸没在样水中。
2.电极为玻璃制品，需轻拿轻放，勿磕碰！

钠度计的使用说明
1.向塑料烧杯中滴入碱化液二异丙胺 3～4 滴，再加入约 100mL 的待测水样，轻轻摇动塑料杯数秒。
2.用该碱化后的水样清洗电极，然后倒掉。
3.重复步骤 1 和 2，至少清洗电极两遍。
4.用步骤 1 的方法再取碱化后的待测水样，将电极插入烧杯，等待测量值稳定。
5.当判稳指示显示稳定后，即可读出测量值。
注意：
1.如果水样的钠离子浓度值较大，电极清洗两遍即可；如果浓度值较小，建议多清洗几遍电极，最大限度地减小干扰，
以便获得更加准确的测量值。
2.电极为玻璃制品，需轻拿轻放，勿磕碰！
 电导率仪的使用说明
1.用待测水样清洗电极，然后倒掉；
2.重复步骤 1，至少清洗电极两遍；
3.用步骤 1 的方法再取待测水样，将电极插入烧杯，按“measure”键进行测量，等待测量值稳定。
4.当 AR 图标停止闪烁时，即可读取测量值。
注意：
1.如果水样的电导率值较大，电极清洗两遍即可；如果电导率值较小，建议多清洗几遍电极，最大限度地减小干扰，以
便获得更加准确的测量值。
2.严格禁止超限测量。如果水样的电导率值超过所使用电极的测量范围，将会引起电极极化，使电极测量精度下降，导
致电极失效。
3.电极为玻璃制品，需轻拿轻放，勿磕碰！

红外油分析仪
测量步骤
1.按“ON/OFF”键开机。
2.选中“5. 121B-square-ppm”选项，按“ENTER”键确认。
3.用吸管移取正己烷至方形比色皿中，将比色皿放入测量池中，盖上盖子。然后按“CAL”键校正样品空白。
4.8 秒钟后，测量结束，询问是否保存结果。
5.按“ ” 将“N”变为“Y”，然后按“ENTER”键保存样品空白。
6.用吸管移取水中油样品至方形比色皿中，将比色皿放入测量池中，盖上盖子。为
保证测量的一致性，每次样品测量前均需等待 20 秒钟。按“READ”键，测量第一
个样品时，程序先开始倒计时，当计时器变为“00”时，自动开始测量样品。之
后，只有当计时器为“00”时，按“READ”键，才会开始测量样品。
7.8 至 30 秒钟后，测量结束，则显示样品测量结果，所需结果为测量结果÷10。

水中油提取程序：
1.把 50ml 的水样放入洁净的 50ml 具塞量筒中。
2.用 6mol/L 的盐酸把水样调制 PH<2,可用一次性 PH 试纸检查；
3.加入 5ml 的正己烷，并盖好盖子。
4.用力摇晃量筒 2 分钟后，将水中的油提取出来。
5.正己烷与水分离需要约 1 分钟。如果收集到的提取液呈乳状液，可用洁净的小
管搅拌并破乳。
6.正己烷提取液在量筒的上层。
7.用吸管将提取液注入到试管中，用干净的纸或布擦拭试管外部，盖上盖子。
 余氯总氯测试仪 HI9977
余氯测量步骤
需要的试剂
编号 说明 使用量
HI93701A-F 余氯试剂 A 3滴
HI93701B-F 余氯试剂 B 3滴
1.按“ ”键开机，仪器自检后，进入测量界面。
2.在测量模式下，按“Methods”键进入方法列表，选择 Free Chlorine（Liquid）
并按 select 确认。
3.将 10ml 待测水样添加到比色皿中（至刻度线），盖好塑料塞和盖子。
3.将比色皿放入测量槽，确保盖子上的凹槽正确的定位在测量槽的凹槽中。
4.按“Zero”键，对仪器进行校零后显示屏将显示“-0.0-”，准备进行下一步测量。
5.将比色皿取出，倒掉水样。在空比色皿中加 3 滴 HI93701A-F 余氯试剂 A 和 HI93701B-F 余
氯试剂 B，轻轻旋转晃动混匀。
6.将 10ml 待测水样添加到比色皿中（至刻度线），盖好塑料塞和盖子，轻轻振摇混匀。
7.将比色皿放入测量槽，确保盖子上的凹槽正确的定位在测量槽的凹槽中。
8.按“Read”键，显示屏上将出现一个 1 分钟的倒计时，倒计时结束时，仪器将进行读数，显示水样的测量结果
mg/L“CL2”。
总氯测量步骤
需要的试剂
编号 说明 使用量
HI93701A-T 总氯试剂 A 3滴
HI93701B-T 总氯试剂 B 3滴
HI93701C-T 总氯试剂 C 3滴
1.按“ ”键开机，仪器自检后，进入测量界面。
2.在测量模式下，按“Methods”键进入方法列表，选择 Free ohlorine（Liquid）
并按 select 确认。
3.将 10ml 待测水样添加到比色皿中（至刻度线），盖好塑料塞和盖子。
4.将比色皿放入测量槽，确保盖子上的凹槽正确的定位在测量槽的凹槽中。
5.按“Zero”键，对仪器进行校零后显示屏将显示“-0.0-”，准备进行下一步测量。
6.将比色皿取出，倒掉水样。在空比色皿中加 3 滴 HI93701A-T 总氯试剂 A、3 滴
HI93701B-T 总氯试剂 B 和 1 滴 HI93701C-T 总氯试剂 C ，轻轻旋转晃动混匀。
7.将 10ml 待测水样添加到比色皿中（至刻度线），盖好塑料塞和盖子，轻轻振摇混匀。
8.将比色皿放入测量槽，确保盖子上的凹槽正确的定位在测量槽的凹槽中。
9.按“Read”键，显示屏上将出现一个 2 分钟 30 秒的倒计时，倒计时结束时，仪器
将进行读数，显示水样的测量结果 mg/L“CL2”。
注意：水样不能有气泡，不能等待时间太长，连续测量时，每一个样品都要重新
做一次零点校正。

溶解氧分析仪使用说明
使用时，根据取样管路的粗细选择合适的转接软管并安装在进水管的接头上，另一端套在样水管路上，然后将排水管放入
水槽或者地沟中（下进上出）。调节样水流量，使其在(50～350)mL/min，长按电源按钮 3s 以上打开仪
表即进入测量状态，待数值稳定后读取测量浓度值。
注意：
泄漏问题是影响测量的重要因素，所以在测量过程中保证进水管路各接头拧紧、进样软管与样水管路的套入长度大于
20mm。
由于电极连接线只用于信号的传输，使用中注意不能用手提、拉此线。

浊度仪使用说明
1.按“power”键开机，进入测量模式。
2.按/6 或/3 键选择合适的测量模式。
3.选择(EPA 180)模式。
4.将均匀混合的样品缓缓注入比色瓶中,并拧紧瓶盖(请勿用力摇动比色瓶)
5.用软布擦去比色瓶上的液滴或手印
6.将比色瓶轻轻插入比色槽,并用比色槽塑料盖盖紧比色槽。
7.比色瓶在比色槽中静置 1-2 分钟。
8.按 meas/9(测量)键开始测量。
9.测量结束，显示数据。
注意：在测量过程中和测量结束后，都必须用比色槽塑料盖将比色