ES8 - Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
Average Velocity Erratic Motion (Graph)
v=
ds(s
Vavo
= t)
-
dt
Instantaneous Velocity a=
dy(v t) -
Y =
I Av =
dt
Average Acceleration (adt (a-t)
Gaug =* t
/S =
Judt(v-t)
↓ (E- vol
(ads (a
=
Instantaneous Acceleration
=
a=
dv
dt a =
v()(v S)
-
(a IS not CONSTANT)
If a IS CONSTANT :
Spring
v = Vot at
#s =
ks
bat
2
S So + Vot +
=
S =
1 -
Lo
VE = vo2 2a(S-So)
+
Force and Acceleration
If =
ma
w =
mg
Friction
Ff =
M, N
ES9 - Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
# of Reactions Note
M 106
# T REACTION
6109
↑ m
-
10
REACTION 3 REACTIONS
u 10-6
103
MPa N/mm2
G Pa N/m2
Bearing Stress
REACTIO
# 6B
=
Simple Stress SCI Notation
FORCE 10000000 : 1x Nt
6 =
ARE A ENG Notation
Normal Stress 10,000,000 = 10 x 10.
6 = NORMAL LOAD
AREA Tangential Stress
Tensile Stress - Elongate Of =
PD
Compressive Stress - Shorten 2t
Longitudinal Stress
Shearing Stress
G
P
=
T =
V (SHEARING FORCE)
AREA
Strain Torsion
8
E (NOUNIT T
Tp Tr
= =
=
E= A INLENGTH Solid Cylindrical Shaft
=
ORIG LENGTH
Proportional Limit Emax = 16T
6xE 6 = EE
TD3
-
Hollow Cylindrical Shaft
E
6 6 = EG
=
-
J
= (D d4) -
Poisson’s Ratio
Tmax = 16 TD
-Ey =
v =
# (D4 d4) -
Axial Deformation Angle of Twist
PL
S= 8 TL
(RAPIAN)
=
AE
JG
IF NOT GIVEN : °
E = 200. 000 MPA
RAD
= 180 (DEG)
Shearing Deformation
U =
Es
DEG
= IRAD
L Power Transmitted by Shaft
G = T
2
P TW
=
2TTTf (WAPTS)
=
VL
85 = 1
np = 746 WATTS
AsG 7) up
=
5501b/ftS
ups = Hz
Thermal Sress
8+ xh(Ty Ti)
-
ST
=
aLXT
Flexural Stress
(fb) max Mc My
=
=
I MOMENT OF INERTA
(RECTANGLE)
F = bh3
12
CE 8 - Hydraulics
Mass Density Compressibility
P=
Eb((V)
mass
AP= -
volume
=
k
Ideal Gas Density
P = P
RT
Pressure
R(AIR) =
287//kg :k
B
P
=
=
= 1716
[Link]/slug .
"R
·
k =
c + 273
P=
·
R =
F + 460
pgh
Specific Volume Pabs =
Patm + Page
vs =
- Note
Unit/Specific Weight 1 atm :
101 325 KPa .
8 = w 101325 Pa
V 760 mm Hg
8 =
09 14 696 . psi
Specific Gravity 10 33 m .
(120)
S= PLiquip =
Pair Pracuum (negative
& water P gas
Manometer
8 =
62 4 .
16 : 9 . 81 kN P= pgh
f+
3 m3
OPEN TYPES
P =
1 94
.
slugs = 1000 kg DIFFERENTIAL
ft3 m3
UPWARD (-)
DOWNWARD ( ) +
Hydrostatic Force
T
&
Shape Centroid Inertia
bh3
x =
b I =
n j
12
1
=
b
Rectangle
bh3
Th
I=
·
3
b of b or h
Triangle
*
x
= F =d
al- j = d
2
64
circle
Shape Centroid Inertia
In
⑨
X= b =
j =
n
Ellipse
(9 + 64)r
+
I=
=
-
&
ST 72 i
Semi-circle
FORCE F= ShA
LOCATION e = I
AY
DIRECTION tanE = Fu
#n
D Tr2 I Tr4
A =
=
4 16
QUARTER CIRCLE
X Pr
=
Y =
3
Curved Surface
·
"
Note
2
FH =
ShA R= (Fr) +
(FH)2
Fv &Vol
tanO)
= DIRECTION =
e = IX
Ay
-
wi
F
Dams
W3
w =
SV
UPLIFT
PRESSURE SCONCRETE =
24 kN
Note m3
FH =
STA OM =
Fr(5)
RM =
w(Y)
Factor of Safety Against Overturning
FSO = RM > 1 :
SAFE
OM
Factor of Safety Against Sliding
FSS =
M(Ry) < 1 SAFE
:·
RX
Ry (X) = RM- OM Eccentricity
~>
gmin =
Ry 1 -
Ge
B B
9 max =
By Ge
1 +
B B
Buoyancy
BF =
U Vp H
D
& VD = W
wit
Up =
Sg of the Body
(v)
Sg of the Fluid
*
D =
Sg(body) (H)
Sg (Fluid)
Hoop Tension Rotating Vessel
SPACING = 2T y = z2 r2
PD 29
1
Circumferential Stress rpm
PR
= radyse
6+ =
2t VOLUME (PARABOROID)
Longitudinal Stress
v
= rh
In- ROTATIONAL
O = PD
↓ELOCITY
4t
Relative Equilibrium of Liquids Fundamentals of
Horizontal Motion Fluid Flow
tano = ma-tant =
my
a Flow Rate/Discharge
Q = AV
Inclined Upward Motion
Q =
Q2
tanf = &N
Ei =
E2
g+ av
Inclined Downward Motion Weight Flow Rate
tant =+ WFR =
QS
av
g- Mass Flow Rate
Vertical Motion MFR = QP
p= Sh(1 199)
Bernoulli’s Equation
E
,
=
Es
v
,
2
+
p.
+ z ,
= Vz +
P + z
29 S 29 S
,
E + HA -
HE =
Ez Head Losses
Darcy-Weisbach
HA Head Added
He Head Extracted
Head Loss
ny =
f
\V
# nf = 0 .
0826fLQ2
D5
Power Manning
HE (TURBINE)
P=
QSE - -
> HA
v=
(i) R23 ,
(PUMP]
P= QSE nf 6 3542283
= .
(HP) D4/3
746
Efficiency hy = 10 .
29n2Q2
D1663
POUT
EFF
So
=
Hazen-Williams :43 0 . 54
V = 0 849(R ,
Pout = Pump
.
2.63 0. 59
Pin = TURBINE Q = 0 2785 (p.
,
10 64 LQ1 85 .
hf = .
Slope 85 D4 87
(1
-
.
s
=
Reynold’s Number
NR =
VD ;
U
=
M-NR =
OD
NR INERTAL FORCE
(UNITLESS
=
V ISCOUS FORCE
Laminar Flow
IF NR < 2000 ; f = 64
NR
Turbulent Flow
IFNR)
:= 210g(R)
2000 -
Series Pipes
=
Di isD
Q1 =
Q2 Q
H
+
= h, + hz + hz
Parallel Pipes 1
I
QT 2 Da
3
QT = Q , + Q2+ Q3
H, = nz =
hz
Water Hammer
Rigid Pipes
C =
Eb
C
celerity
I sound wave
P
P =
PCV
Non-Rigid Pipes
=
c
Time of Closure
t = 24
C
Mach Number
Ma = V
C
Mach Angle
Sing = Celerity
velocity
CE 6 - Structural Theory
Centroids
Shape X Y Area
R 2 bh
&
b
3 2
D
TRIANGLE
4r Tr2
O
& 3π 2
Y
SEMI-CIRCLE
4r Tr2
Pr
.
Y 3T 35 4
X
QUARTER-CIRCLE
4b # ab
O
Ib 3i 2
·
a
SEMI-ELLIPTICAL
9
Y
&
To
# a
QUARTER -
ELLIPTICAL
Shape X Y Area
O 3n 4ah
gla In 5 3
PARABOLIC
34
"In
zah
· 5 3
y
X
SEM1-PARABOLIC
34 an
i
-1
X
·
Iy
In 10
3
A
-
PARABOLIC SPANDREL
I
I
-
Y -
QUARTER CIRCULAR ARC
#
I
O 2r
r
① I
-
SEMICIRCULAR ARC
Cables Note
- w(X)
y
=
A
-
-
-
i
.
2FH
D
y w(n x)
C = -
- 2 FH
Cables (Uniform Load) Note
dy Wox
tan
- T
= =
TAB
dX To
(
Wox y
=
/
A To
x(2)
y
= WoX =
WoX
I I
2)To LFH
/
L =
I +
(WO
Shear and Moment
Shear and Moment (Rigid Frames)
Moving Loads
Single Moving Loads
P
Mmax
P
=
D
M #
42'
I I
212
Two Moving Loads
Ps d , Ps
00
# #
L
I I
Mmax = (PL-Psd)"
4 PL
Three or More Moving Loads
Pid ,
PdaP
O O O
Fi T
L
I I
Three Moment Equation
General Formula
MAL LMB (L + h) + Mc z +
GA GA-
+ +
,
Load 6Aa 6 Ab
L
P L
Pb((t bt)
D
#
b Pa(22 -at)
-
a
, ,
3
#
6A5
Load
t ↓
# wLE
4
wL3
4
TI
L
- wL3
4
-
wL3
4
↓ d 8 WLE
60
zwL3
60
L
I ↓
WLE
i
wL3 8
-
68
# 60
·
M(bat (2) M(3b2-22)
-
11
5wL3 5wL3
32
32
Integration
=
) (a)dx : wb
Moment Distribution Method
Fixed End Moment Ma Mb
-
?
Pba
Pa
L2
L2
-P
PL
Q
A 42 1/2
, , ,
i
5wL2
so
-
96
L
I ↓
-w WL2
1h I
B
A ? wLL
-
wi
28
30
L
I I
A
Mb3 .
1) Map
Ca yMb i
Integration
Ma =
-in) % Pabl My
:
to / oba
Deflection
Three Moment Equation (General Formula)
MAL ,
+ 2 MB (2 + (2) + Mc(z+ 6Aa
,
L
+
GA5 GE1/S +S
=
Double Integration Method
----
+
(1 % + -
G -
nee -
moment
+ Moment
↓ Point of inflection
· M
Note -
No deflection must be drawn in fixed and simple support.
The slope of the elastic curve and fixed support must be zero.
Sign convention: the slope of elastic cur ve is POSITIVE when rotates
counterclockwise; NEGATIVE clockwise.
1 General Power Rule
1
yn +
(x"
↓
↑ )o-t = + )
+
--- - -
n+ 1
Ely" = M Moment (m)
Ely' Slope (E)
)M
= ·
+ ,
2
M + 2, X + 22 Deflection (8)
Ely ()
= -