Class 10 Polynomials Unit Test
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f81942957Class 10 Polynomials Unit Test
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Powered by AIWhen one zero of a quadratic polynomial is the negative of the other, the sum of the zeroes is zero. Given the polynomial x^2 + (k + 1)x + k, set the sum of zeroes using Vieta's formulas: α + β = -(k + 1)/1 = 0. Solving this equation gives k + 1 = 0, leading to k = -1. Thus, the value of k that satisfies the condition is -1 .
The graph of a quadratic polynomial is always a parabola. This results from its standard form, ax^2 + bx + c, which creates a symmetric curve relative to its axis of symmetry, defined by the line x = -b/(2a). If a > 0, the parabola opens upwards, and if a < 0, it opens downwards. The vertex of the parabola, representing the minimum or maximum point of the function, lies on this axis of symmetry . These properties define why a parabola is the natural graphical result of a quadratic function.
To verify the relationship between zeroes and coefficients of a polynomial like x^2 −3x + 2, evaluate the polynomial at x = 1: p(1) = 1^2 - 3(1) + 2 = 0. The zero at x = 1 confirms it satisfies the polynomial's equation, aligning with the zeroes derived from solving x^2 −3x + 2 = 0. Vieta's formulas indicate that for zeroes α and β, these should satisfy α + β = -(-3)/1 = 3 and αβ = 2/1 = 2, which they do upon solving and confirming solutions for the quadratic .
Substitution is a fundamental technique used in evaluating polynomials at specific points, which can answer questions about value, simplify expressions, or verify properties like factorization. For example, given a polynomial p(x) = x^2 −3x + 2, substituting x = 1 results in p(1) = 0, which confirms that 1 is a zero. This method can be critical in applying the Factor Theorem or root-finding algorithms without full polynomial expansion or division .
To create a quadratic polynomial with zeroes 1/4 and -1, use the fact that the polynomial can be expressed as (x - α)(x - β) where α and β are the zeroes . Substituting the given zeroes, the polynomial becomes (x - 1/4)(x + 1). Expanding this product gives x^2 + (1 - 1/4)x - 1/4, which simplifies to x^2 + 3/4x - 1/4. Multiplying through by 4 to clear the fraction results in the quadratic polynomial 4x^2 + 3x - 1.
To construct a polynomial whose zeroes are the reciprocals of another polynomial's zeroes, say for 2x^2 + 3x + 5, first find its zeroes by using the quadratic formula: x = [-b ± sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)]/(2a). Then, reciprocate these zeroes to find α and β, the zeroes of the desired polynomial. Construct the new polynomial using 2x^2 + 3x + 5's zeroes as: x = 1/α and x = 1/β. The polynomial thus formed is (x - 1/α)(x - 1/β), which can be expanded and simplified to obtain the new quadratic polynomial .
A cubic polynomial, which is of the form ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d, can have at most three zeroes, as dictated by its degree . The degree of a polynomial determines the maximum number of roots or zeroes it can possess. This implies that the graph of a cubic polynomial can intersect the x-axis at most three times. However, depending on the nature and multiplicity of its zeroes, the actual number of intersections could be less than three.
For a quadratic polynomial ax^2 + bx + c, if α and β represent the zeroes, then the sum and product of the zeroes are governed by Vieta's formulas: α + β = -b/a and αβ = c/a . These relationships arise from the expansion of (x - α)(x - β) = x^2 - (α + β)x + αβ and comparing it to the standard form ax^2 + bx + c. Therefore, by knowing the coefficients, one can immediately compute the sum and product of the zeroes.
To determine if (x − 2) is a factor of the polynomial 2x^3 − 3x^2 − 2x + 3, use the Factor Theorem, which states that x − a is a factor of a polynomial if and only if the polynomial evaluated at x = a is zero . Evaluating the polynomial at x = 2: p(2) = 2(2)^3 − 3(2)^2 − 2(2) + 3 = 16 − 12 − 4 + 3 = 3. Since p(2) is not zero, (x − 2) is not a factor of 2x^3 − 3x^2 − 2x + 3.
In a quadratic polynomial ax^2 + bx + c, the coefficient 'a' dictates the parabola's orientation—upward if positive, downward if negative. The axis of symmetry, which determines the horizontal position of the vertex, occurs at x = -b/(2a). The vertex's y-coordinate is found by substituting this x-value back into the polynomial. These coefficients thus directly influence the shape, position, and extremity points of the parabola on a graph, affecting calculations like intercepts and optimal values .