SOUND 05. What is compression and rarefaction?

Some Important SI units:- Ans:- Compression:-When a vibrating object moves forward, it creates a region of high pressure
(1) Frequency - Hertz (Hz) (5) Momentum (P) mv- kgm/s and density. This region is called compression.
(2) Wavelength - mtr (m) (6) Work & Energy- joule (J) - In graphical representation, it is called peak and this peak is called crest.
(3) Acceleration - m/s2 (ms-2) (7) (4) Force/Weight -Newton (N) kgm/s2 Rarefaction:- When a vibrating object moves backward, it creates a region of low pressure
(8) Power-Watt (joule/s) (9) 1 unit of electricity=1kWh and density. This region is called rarefaction.
01. What is periodic motion? - In graphical representation, it is called valley and this valley is called trough.
The motion of a body that repeat itself after a fixed time is called a periodic motion. Such as; 06. How sound is produced by your school bell?
(a) Motion of a planet around the sun. Ans :- When the bell is hit with a hammer, it vibrates and vibration creates a series of
(b) Motion of hands/needle of a clock. compression and rarefaction rapidly in the air and sound produced.
02. What is oscillatory motion and vibratory motion? 06. What do you mean by;
The repeatedly to-and-fro motion about a fixed position or mean position is called oscillatory (a) Sound wave:- A sound wave is a vibratory disturbance in a medium which carries energy
motion. from one point to another point without being direct contact between the two points.
(In low frequency). (b) Wave motion:- Wave motion is a repeated vibratory disturbance in a medium is handed over
And repeatedly and rapidly to-and-fro motion about a fixed position or mean position is called from one particle to the another particle.
vibratory motion. - The motion of disturbance is called wave motion.
(In high frequency) Such as; 07. What are mechanical or elastic waves? Why sound wave is called mechanical wave?
(a) Motion of pendulum of a wall clock. Ans:- The waves which require a material medium for the propagation are called mechanical
(b) Motion of swing (>qyk) wave.
 One to-and-fro motion is called one oscillation or one vibration or one cycle. Example:- Sound wave in air, wave over water, Seismic wave.
03. Define the terms:- - Since sound wave also requires a material medium, so it is called mechanical wave.
(a) Time period:- The time taken to complete one oscillation is called time period. 08. Will it be possible to hear any sound produced by your friend on the moon?
It is denoted by T. Ans:- Since there is no atmosphere on the moon means no material medium is available for
Its SI unit is second (s). the propagation of sound. Hence, we can’t hear sound on the moon.
(b) Frequency: - The number of oscillation or vibration completed by wave in one second is (Astronaut cannot talk to each other due to the absence of material medium in the space.)
called frequency. 09. What are electromagnetic waves?
- It is also called cycles per second. Ans:- The waves which don’t require a material medium for the propagation are called
- It is denoted by Greek letter nu (v) or English letter ‘f’. electromagnetic waves.
- Its SI unit is hertz (Hz) - It can travel through vacuum.
1
Frequency V (f) = Example:- Light waves, X-rays, Radio waves, Microwaves.
𝑇 10. How many types of waves are? Write the differences also?
04. What is sound?
Ans:- There are two types of waves;
Ans:- A sound is a form of mechanical energy which produces a sensation of hearing in our ear
(a) Transverse waves-Particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the
drums.
wave motion.
(a) Sound is kinetic energy.
(b) Longitudinal waves-Particles of the medium vibrate back and forth to the direction of
(b) It needs medium to travel,
the wave motion.
In dry air (00) speed -332m/s at 200 – 344m/s
In 343.2 m/s and in water 1498 m/s, Transverse waves Longitudinal waves
in iron 5960 m/s. i. The particles of the medium vibrate The Particles of the medium vibrate back and
(c) It cannot travel in vacuum. perpendicular to the direction of the forth or parallel to the direction of the wave
05. How the sound is produced? wave motion. motion.
Ans:- When an object vibrates, vibration ii. Travel in the form of alternate crusts and Travel in the form of alternate compression and
creates aseries of compression (move troughs rarefaction
forward and create higher pressure and iii. Can be transmitted through solid and Can be transmitted through solid, liquid and
density) and rarefaction (move liquid. gases.
backward and create lower pressure and iv. Don’t cause pressure changes in the Causes pressure changes in medium so it is also
medium. called pressure wave.
density) rapidly in the air and these
v. Example-waves on water, waves in Ex-Sound wave in air, Waves in compressed
compression and rarefaction is handed over to one particle to
stretched spring spring (freely suspended)
another neighboring particle and finally reach in our ears.
11. Difference between sound and light waves?
12. When the wire of ‘Sitar’ is plucked, what types of waves are produced in the wire and in
Sound waves Light waves
the air?
Ans:- In the wire:- Transverse wave. i. This is longitudinal waves in air. This is transverse waves.
In the air :- Longitudinal wave. ii. It requires medium for propagation. No medium requires.
iii. Speed in air 332 m/s at 00 C Speed in air 3 X 108 m/s
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOUND WAVE iv. This is mechanical waves. This is electromagnetic waves
13. Define the all characteristics of a sound wave? (v) Velocity (Speed):- The distance travelled by a wave in 1 second is called velocity of the
Ans:- A sound wave is a longitudinal wave has following wave.
Five Characteristics:- 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 Medium m/s
- Velocity = Aluminium 6420
(i) Wavelength, (ii) amplitude, (iii) Frequency 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
(iv) Time period, (v) Velocity (Speed). - Velocity is denoted by v or c Steel 5960
(i) Wavelength:- The distance between two consecutive - SI unit of wave is m/s Water (Sea) 1531
Compression (crest) and rarefaction (trough) is called - Velocity of sound is 15 times faster iron than air. Water (distilled) 1498
Wavelength. - Due the faster speed of Light than sound, we see the Hydrogen 1284
Or, the distance travelled by the wave during one complete oscillation. flash of light first and the Sound of thunder a little later. Air 200C 344
• The wavelength of a wave is represented by the symbol lambda λ. Speed of sound depends upon Oxygen 316
1 𝑣 (i) Medium:- Denser the medium higher the speed.
• wavelength λ=T × 𝑣 = ×𝑣 =
𝑓 𝑓 (ii) Temperature;- Increase the temperature increase the speed.
• The SI unit of wavelength is a meter (m) or cm. - 0.6 m/s speed increase on 10 temp increasing.
• The distance between a crest and an adjacent trough = Half the wave length= λ/2 - Speed of the sound will be more on a hot day than cold day.
(ii) Amplitude: -The maximum displacement of the particles of a medium from their mean (iii) Humidity :- Speed of the sound is less in dry air and more in humid air.
position is called the amplitude of the wave. 14. Why is the flash of lightning from cloud seen much before the thunder although both occur
- Crest represents the amplitude in the positive cycle. simultaneously?
- Trough represents the amplitude in the negative cycle. Ans:- The velocity of light is 3 x 108 m/s is much greater than the velocity of sound 344 m/s, so the
- It is denoted by A. flash of lightning from cloud seen much before the thunder.
- SI unit is meter (m)
15. Derive the relationship between frequency, wavelength and velocity of a wave?
- Amplitude decides the loudness and softness of the sound.
Ans:- Suppose, a wave travels a distance = λ
- Loudness is measured in ‘decibel’ (dB).
with velocity of the wave = v
- Louder Sound:-Large amplitude,
Frequency of the wave=f
- Softer Sound:-Small amplitude.
Time period to complete one oscillation/wave=T
(iii) Frequency:- The number of wave/oscillation or vibration produced per second is called
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 λ
frequency. We know that, Velocity v = =
𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒/𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛/𝑣𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑇
Frequency = 1 1
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 =λX =λXf (⸪ = 𝑓)
- It is also called cycle per second. It is the rate at which waves are produced. 𝑇 𝑇
1 Velocity of the wave = Wave length X frequency.
- Frequency is equal to reciprocal of time. Hence, Frequency v (f) =
𝑇 SUPER SONIC SPEED/SONIC BOOM
- It is denoted by Greek letter nu (v) or English letter ‘f’. 16. What do you understand by following terms:-
- SI unit is Hertz (Hz). (a) Supersonic Speed:-When a body moves faster than the speed of sound, then it called to have
- Audible sound between 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. (It is called frequency range of hearing a supersonic speed.
in humans) Example:- Bullets, Jet aircraft.
- But directly proportional to the Pitch of the sound. (Higher the frequency higher the (b) Shock wave:-When supersonic body travels in air, it leaves a conical region of disturbance
pitch) containing very high pressure having great amount of energy behind itself. This is called shock
- It does not change when medium is changed. wave. It is also called Mach wave.
(iv) Time-period:- The time taken to complete one oscillation is called time period.
(c) Sonic Boom:- A very sharp and loud sound produced by the air pressure variation associated
- It is denoted by T.
with a shock wave is called sonic boom.
- Its SI unit is second (s).
- It can cause damage of window glass and even a building also.
Relation between Frequency and Time period:-
(d) Mach Number:-The ration of speed of the body and speed of the sound is called Mach
Since, time taken to complete 1 oscillation = T second
number.
∴ ,, ,, v ,, = 1/T second.
  High pitch sound called treble. Low pitch sound is called bass.
NUMERICALS PROBLEMS  The voice of the lady (280Hz) is shriller than a man (140Hz).
17. If 20 waves are produced per second then what is the frequency of the wave? (c) Quality (Timbre):-
𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒/𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛/𝑣𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 20 The characteristic of sound which distinguishes it from another sound of same loudness and pitch
Soln:- Frequency = = = 20 Hz. (Ans)
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 1 produced by two different sources, is called quality.
18. A bat can hear a sound of a frequency upto 120 kHz. Determine the wavelength of sound in  A sound of single frequency is called a Tone.
air if speed of sound in air is 344 m/s.  A sound produced due to mixture of several frequencies is called a Note.
Soln:- Given that, frequency = 120 kHz = 120000 Hz Velocity/speed = 344 m/s =344x100 cm/s
Wavelength = ? 23. Difference between Musical Sound and Noise?
Wavelength = Speed x Time = v/f = 344x100/120000=0.286 cm = 0.29 cm (Ans) Ans:-
19. Calculate the wavelength of a sound wave whose frequency is 220 Hz and speed is 440 m/s MUSICAL SOUND NOISE
in a medium? It consists of a series of sound impulses It consist of series of sound impulses following
Soln:- Given that, Frequency = 220 Hz, Speed/velocity = 440 ms-1 following each other at regular interval of time. each other at irregular interval of time.
1 1 There is no sudden changes in amplitude. There are sudden changes in amplitude.
Wavelength (λ)= Speed X Time = Speed X = 440 X = 2 mtr.
𝑓 220 It is usually of high frequency. It is usually of low frequency.
20. A person is listening to a tone of 500 Hz sitting at a distance of 450 m from the source of It has a pleasant effect on the ear. It has an unpleasant effect on the ear.
sound. What is the time interval between the successive compressions from the source?
Soln:- Given that, Frequency = 500 Hz, Distance = Wavelength= 450 m = Successive REFLECTION OF SOUND, ECHOS AND REVERBERATRION
Compression/rarefaction.
1 1 24. What is reflection of sound? Does sound follow the same law of reflection as light does?
Time = 𝑠 = 500 𝑠 = 0.002 s (Ans) Ans:- When a sound travelling in a medium and strikes the surface of another medium, a part of the
𝑓
21. If the wavelength is 0.15 m, find the horizontal distance between a wave crest and adjoining incident wave is reflected back into the same medium is called reflection of sound.
wave trough?  It follows same law of reflection as light follows.
λ  Angle of reflection=Angle of incident.
Soln:- Distance between a wave crest and adjoining wave trough = = 0.15 m/2 =15 cm/2 = 7.5cm  The incident wave, the reflected wave and the normal, all lie on the same plane.
2
 Hard surface is best reflector.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND
Application of reflection of sound:-
22. Mention the three characteristics of sound?
a) Megaphone b) Bulb Horne
Ans:- The characteristics of sound are:- (a) Loudness & Intensity (b), Pitch and (c) Quality (Timber)
c) Stethoscope d) Sound board
of sound.
(a) Loudness:- 25. (a) What is an echo?
(i) The psychological sensation produced in the ear, which enables us to distinguish between (b) Give the conditions for the production of echo?
a loud and faint sound is called loudness of sound. Ans:- The repetition of sound caused by the reflection of sound wave is called echo. It is also called
→Loudness of sound is a measure of the sound energy reaching the ear per second. ‘goonj’ or ‘partidhawni’ in hindi.
→Greater the sound energy louder the sound. Condition for the production echo:-
(i) It cannot measures but felt in ‘decibel’ (dB). a) Minimum time gap 1/10 second between original and reflected sound.
(ii) It depends upon; b) Minimum distance 17.2 m (at 200 C) between source of sound and obstacle.
→The amplitude - It is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude. c) Nature of obstacle must be rigid like wall, building, hill and cliff.
→Frequency-It is directly proportional to the square of the frequency. d) Size of obstacle must be large.
→Surface area of vibrating body- (Directly proportional) Larger the size of vibrating 26. Why do we not get echo in small room?
body, louder the sound. Ans:- An echo can be heard distinctly if the minimum distance is 17.2 m between source of sound
→Distance- Inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. and obstacle. In a small room, the original and reflected sound get mixed due to short distance and we
(Closer the source, louder the sound). can’t hear echo.
→Density of the medium- Denser the medium, Louder the sound.
Intensity:- 27. What is multiple echo? Give an example?
(i) It is the Physical sensation of loudness. Ans:- The successive reflection of sound caused by the reflection of sound wave from multiple
(ii) The amount of energy passing per unit time per unit area in perpendicular direction to the obstacle and echoes are heard one after another. These echo is called multiple echo.
𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 Example:- Rolling thunder:- Due to successive reflections between the cloud and land surface.
area is called Intensity.→Intensity = = (⸪ = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟)
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 ×𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
2 2 28. Why are the ceiling of concert hall is curved?
→Unit of intensity = watt/meter (W/m )
(b) Pitch:- It is also a psychological property of sound related to frequency.
 It differentiate between shrill and dull sound.
Ans:- The ceiling of concert hall is curved so that sound after reflection can reach all corners of the  Children under age of 5 years (hear upto 25,000Hz),
hall.  Bats (hear upto 1,20,000 Hz),
29. What is reverberation? How is reverberation controlled in auditorium?  dogs (hear upto 50,000 Hz), rats, dolphins, porpoises, birds and insects can produce and hear
Ans:- The persistence of sound due to repeated/successive reflection from wall, ceiling and other ultrasound
materials of a large hall is called reverberation. 35. It is observed that some animals get disturbed before earthquake, why?
To control reverberation:- Ans:- Earthquake produces low frequency infrasonic sound before the main shock, these frequencies
a) The wall are covered with sound absorbing materials. can be detected by some animals and get disturbed.
b) The floor is carpeted.
c) The furniture is upholstered (xnnh yxkuk) 36. Give two application of ultrasonic sound?
d) Use false ceiling. Ans:- (a) In the treatment of muscular pain. (b) In the detection of defects metal blocks.
30. Distinguish between echo and reverberation? (c) Used to investigate internal organ of human body.
Ans:- (d) Used to monitor the development of fetus (unborn baby)
Echo Reverberation (e) To clean hard to reach part of the machines.
The repetition of sound caused by the reflection The persistence of sound due to repeated 37. Write the full name of SONAR. How will you determine the depth of sea using echo ranging?
of sound wave is called echo. reflection is called reverberation. Ans:- SONAR stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is a device that uses ultrasound waves
It occurs from one obstacle. It occurs from many obstacles. to measure the distance, direction and speed of underwater object.
Original and reflected sound can be heard Original and reflected sound can’t be heard Working of SONAR:- A strong beam of ultrasound waves is sent from a transmitter mounted on
separately. separately. a ship and reflected back from the object and received by the receiver mounted on the ship.
The time interval between transmission and reception of the ultrasonic waves is calculated and
31. An echo is heard in 3 second. What is the distance of the reflecting surface from the source, noted.
if the speed of sound is 342 m/s ?  Distance = v x t/2.
Ans:- Given that, Speed of sound = 342 m/s  The SONAR method is also called echo ranging.
Time taken for echo = 3 second. 38. A submarine emits a SONAR pulse which returns from a underwater cliff in 1.02 s. if the
Let the Distance between source and reflecting source= d mtr speed of sound in water is 1531 m/s then how far away is the cliff?
Total distance travelled by the sound = d+d = 2d mtr Soln:- Time = 1.02 second,
speed X time= 2d mtr Speed of sound = 1531 m/s
342 X 3 = 2d mtr Let the distance of cliff = d mtr.
d mtr = 342 X 3/2 = 1026/2 Total distance covered by sound = 2d
Hence, the distance of the reflecting surface = 513 m (Ans)
32. A child hear an echo from a cliff 4 seconds after the sound from a powerful cracker is But Total Distance covered by sound = v x t /2
produced. How far away the cliff from the child if speed of sound is 340 m/s? Or, 2d = 1531 x 1.02
Soln:- Let the distance between child and cliff = d mtr Or, d = 1531 x 1.02/2 = 780.81 mtr. (Ans)
Total distance travelled by the sound = 2d mtr
Speed of sound = 340 m/s 39. Fathometer:- When echo ranging is used to determine the depth of the sea it is called fathometer.
Time taken for echo = 4 s
40. Explain the structure and working of human ear?
Distance = Time x speed = 4 x 340
Ans:- Human ears consists of three compartment;
2d = 4 x 340
(a) The outer ear:- It has pinna, auditory canal and ear drum (tympanum).
d = 4 x 340/2 = 680 mtr.
 Pinna collect the sound and send it to ear drum through auditory canal (2.7mm long).
RANGE OF HEARING And ear drum vibrates.
33. What is the audible range of frequency? (b) The middle ear:- It also consists of three little bones osscicles called hammer, anvil and
Ans:- We can’t hear the sound of frequency less than 20 Hz and more than 20,000 Hz. stirrup.
 The range of frequency from 20 Hz to 20000 Hz (20 kHz) is known as the audible range of  Middle ear amplified the vibration and transmit to the inner ear.
frequency in humans. (b) The Inner ear:-It consists of cochlea, basilar membrane and three semi circular cananls.
34. What are infrasonic and Ultrasonic waves (sound)?  It converted sound energy into electrical energy and send to brain.
Ans:-Infrasonic waves/Infrasound:- The sound of frequencies less than 20 hertz are called
infrasonic sound or infrasound.
 (a) vibrating simple pendulum, (b) Earthquake, (c) whales, (d) elephants
(e) rhinoceroses produces infrasonic sound.
Ultrasonic or ultrasound:- The sound frequencies more than 20,000 hertz are called ultrasonic
or ultrasound.
 SHORT AND VERY SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q14. State one observation from everyday life which shows that sound travels much slower
Q1 Name the physical quantity whose SI unit is ‘hertz’. than light.
Answer: Frequency Answer: One observation from everyday life, which shows that sound travels much slower than
light, is during monsoons. We first see the lightning and then hear the sound of thunder.
Q2. What is the SI unit of frequency?
Answer:Hertz is the SI unit of frequency. Q15. Name the two types of waves which can be generated in a long flexible spring.
Answer: The two types of waves are longitudinal waves and transverse waves.
Q3. What type of wave is represented:
a) by density-distance graph? Q16. A stone is dropped on the surface of the water in a pond. Name the type of waves
b) by displacement-distance graph? produced.
Answer: a) Longitudinal wave b) Transverse wave Answer: Transverse waves.

Q4. Is the speed of sound more in water or in steel? Q17. Name the type of waves produced when a tuning fork is struck in the air.
Answer: The speed of sound is more in steel than in water. Answer: Longitudinal waves

Q5. In which medium sound travels faster: air or iron? Q18. What is the general name of the waves consisting of:
Answer:Sound travels faster in iron than in air. a) compressions and rarefactions
b) crests and troughs
Q6. In which medium sound travels fastest: air, water, or steel? Answer: a) Longitudinal waves b) Transverse waves
Answer:Sound travels fastest in steel.
Q19. State the general name of the waves in which the particles of the medium vibrate:
Q7. Out of solids, liquids, and gases: a) in the same direction as wave
a) in which medium sound travels slowest? b) at right angles to the direction of the wave
b) in which medium sound travels fastest? Answer: a) Longitudinal waves b) Transverse waves
Answer: a) Sound travels slowest in gases b) Sound travels fastest in solids
Q20. What type of waves are illustrated by the movement of a rope whose one end is
Q8. Which of the following is the speed of sound in copper, and which in aluminium? fixed to a pole and the other end is moved up and down?
a) 5100 m/s Answer: Transverse waves
c) 3750 m/s
Answer: a) Speed of sound in copper is 3750 m/s b) Speed of sound in aluminium is 5100 m/s Q21. What should an object do to produce sound?
Answer: An object produces sound; there is a creation of vibrations.
Q9. If you want to hear a train approaching from far away, why is it more convenient to put
the ear to the track? Q22. What is the name of the strings which vibrate in our voice box when we talk?
Answer: It is more convenient to put the ear to the track because sound waves travel faster in solids Answer:Vocal cords in our voice box produce sound.
than in the air.
Q23. Name the device which is used to produce sound in laboratory experiments.
Q10. What is the speed of sound: Answer: A tuning fork is a device which is used for producing sound in laboratory
a) in air experiments.
b) in water
c) in iron Q24. What is the nature of sound waves in the air?
Answer: Answer: The nature of sound waves in air is longitudinal waves.
a) Air is 344 m/s
b) Water is 1498 m/s Q25. What is the time period of a tuning fork whose frequency is 200 Hz?
c) Iron is 5130 m/s Answer: Frequency = 200 Hz
Q11. What name is given to those aircrafts which fly at speeds greater than the speed of Frequency = 1/ time period
sound? Time period = 1/ frequency
Answer: Supersonic aircrafts = 5 × 10-9 s
Q26. Calculate the frequency of a wave whose time period is 0.02s.
Q12. A jet aircraft flies at a speed of 410 m/s. What is this speed known as?
Answer: Frequency = 1/ time period
Answer: Supersonic speed
= 1/0.02
Q13. What is meant by supersonic speed? = 50 Hz
Answer: Supersonic speed means the speed of an object which is greater than the speed of sound.
Q27. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
a) Sound is caused by Vibrations Q73. Sound travels in air:
b) A sound wave consists of places of higher pressure called Compression and places of lower a) if particles of medium travel from one place to another
pressure called rarefaction b) if there is no moisture in the atmosphere
c) Wave speed in meters per second equals frequency in Hertz multiplied by wavelength in c) if disturbance moves
meters. d) if both particles as well as disturbance move from one place to another
d) Sound cannot travel through Vacuum Answer: The correct answer is c) if disturbance moves
e) The speed of sound in a solid is Greater than the speed of sound in air. Q74. In the sound wave produced by a vibrating tuning fork shown in the diagram,
f) When the frequency of the sound is increased, the wavelength Decreases half the wavelength is represented by:
Multiple Choice Questions
Q68. Which of the following statement best describes frequency?
a) the maximum disturbance caused by a wave
b) the number of complete vibrations per second
c) the distance between one crest of a wave and the next one
d) the distance travelled by a wave per second a) AB
Answer: The correct answer is b) the number of complete vibrations per second b) BD
c) DE
Q69. Which of the following vibrates when a musical note is produced by the cymbals d) AE
in an orchestra? Answer: The correct answer is b) BD
a) stretched strings
b) stretched membranes Q75. The maximum speed of vibrations which produce audible sound will be in:
c) metal plates a) dry air
d) air columns b) seawater
Answer: The correct answer is c) metal plates c) ground glass
d) human blood
Q70. If the speed of a wave is 340 m/s and its frequency is 1700 Hz, then λ for this Answer: The correct answer is c) ground glass
wave in cm will be:
a) 2 Q76. The sound waves travel fastest:
b) 0.2 a) in solids
c) 20 b) in liquids
d) 200 c) in gases
Answer: The correct answer is c) 20 d) in vacuum
Answer: The correct answer is a) in solids
Q71. A musical instrument produces a continuous note. This note cannot be heard by
a person having a normal hearing range. This note must then be passed through: Q77. The speeds of sound in four different media are given below. Which of the
a) water following is the most likely speed in m/s with which the two underwater whales in a
b) wax sea talk to each other when separated by a large distance?
c) vacuum a) 340
d) empty vessel b) 5170
Answer: The correct answer is c) vacuum c) 1280
d) 1530
Q72. Which one of the following does not consist of transverse waves? Answer: The correct answer is d) 1530
a) light emitted by a CFL
b) TV signals from a satellite Q78. When the pitch of the note produced by a harmonium is lowered, then the
c) ripples on the surface of a pond wavelength of the note:
d) musical notes of an orchestra a) decreases
Answer: The correct answer is d) musical notes of an orchestra b) first decreases and then increases
c) increases 74. A key of mechanical piano is first struck gently and then struck again but much harder this time.
d) remains the same In the
Answer: The correct answer is c) increases second case :
(a) sound will be louder but pitch will not be different
Q79. The velocities of sound waves in four media, P, Q, R, and S, are 18000 km/h, 900 (b) sound will be louder and the pitch will also be higher
km/h, 0 km/h, and 1200 km/h, respectively. Which medium could be a liquid (c) sound will be louder but pitch will be lower
substance? (d) both loudness and pitch will remain unaffected
a) P
75. One of the following can hear infrasound. This one is :
b) Q (a) dog (b) bat (c) rhinoceros (d) humans
c) R 76. An echo-sounder in a trawler (fishing boat) receives an echo from a shoal of fish 0.4 s after it
d) S was sent. If the
Answer: The correct answer is d) S speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s, how deep is the shoal ?
(a) 150 m (b) 300 m (c) 600 m (d) 7500 m
Q80. Which of the following can produce longitudinal waves as well as
transverse waves under different conditions? 77. The The speed of highly penetrating ultrasonic waves is :
a) water (a) lower than those of audible sound waves (b) higher than those of audible sound waves
(c) much higher than those of audible sound waves (d) same as those of audible sound waves
b) TV transmitter 78. The ultrasound waves can penetrate into matter to a large extent because they have :
c) slinky (a) very high speed (b) very high frequency (c) very high wavelength (d) very high amplitude
d) tuning fork 79. The frequencies of four sound waves are given below. Which of these sound waves can be used
Answer: The correct answer is c) slinky to measure
the depth of sea by the echo method ?
37. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words : (a) 15,000 Hz (b) 10 kHz (c) 50 kHz (d) 10,000 Hz
(a) An echo is simply a ............. sound.
(b) Pitch of sound depends on ............... . 80. Which of the following frequency of sound can be generated by a vibrating simple pendulum as
(c) Loudness of sound depends on ............ . well as by
(d) Quality of sound depends on ............... . the vibrating vocal cords of a rhinoceros ?
(a) 5 kHz (b) 25 Hz (c) 10 Hz (d) 15,000 Hz
(e) Echoes are caused by the ............. of sound.
81. Which of the following device does not work on the multiple reflections of sound waves ?
Ans. (a) reflected (b) frequency (c) amplitude (d) waveform (e) reflection. (a) stethoscope (b) hydrophone (c) soundboard (d) megaphone
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
69. In SONAR we use : 82. What type of waves are generated by SONAR device fixed to a fishing ship ?
(a) ultrasonic waves (b) infrasonic waves (c) radio waves (d) audible sound waves (a) water waves (b) radio waves (c) sound waves (d) infrared waves
83. We can distinguish between the musical sounds produced by different singers on the basis of the
70. When we change a feeble sound to a loud sound, we increase its : characteristic
(a) frequency (b) amplitude (c) velocity (d) wavelength of sound called :
(a) frequency (b) timbre (c) pitch (d) loudness
71. Which kind of sound is produced in an earthquake before the main shock wave begins ? 84. At 20°C, the minimum distance of a person from a sound reflecting surface to hear an echo is :
(a) ultrasound (b) infrasound (c) audible sound (d) none of the above (a) 12.2 m (b) 17.2 m (c) 15.2 m (d) 34.4 m
72. Before playing the orchestra in a musical concert, a sitarist tries to adjust the tension and pluck
the strings Ans:- 69. (a) 70. (b) 71. (b) 72. (c) 73. (c) 74. (a) 75. (c) 76. (b) 77. (d) 78.(b) 79.
suitably. By doing so he is adjusting : (c) 80. (c) 81. (b) 82. (c) 83. (c) 84. (b)
(a) intensity of sound only ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) amplitude of sound only
(c) frequency of the sitar string with the frequency of other musical instruments
(d) loudness of sound
73. ‘Note’ is a sound :
(a) of a mixture of several frequencies (b) of mixture of only two frequencies
(c) of a single frequency (d) always unpleasant to listen to