Solution

VOLUME 1 TEST (2024-25) SET B

Class 12 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(c) one-one and onto
Explanation: Given: Let A = R - {3}, B = R - {1}
x−2
f: A → B f(x) = x∈A x−3

Step 1: Injective or One-One function:

Let f(x) = f(y), x, y ≠ 3
x−2 y−2
=
x−3 y−3

(x - 2)(y - 3) = (y - 2)(x - 3)
xy - 2y - 3x + 6 = xy - 2x - 3y + 6xy - 2y - 3x + 6 = xy - 2x - 3y + 6
- 2x + 3y = - 2x + 3x - 2x + 3y = - 2x + 3x
x=y
Hence f is one-one
Step 2 : Surjective or One-to function:
Let y ∈ B such that y ≠ 1
x−2
y= x−3

y(x - 3) = (x - 2)y(x - 3) = (x - 2)
yx - 3y = x - 2yx - 3y = x - 2
yx - x = 3y - 2yx - x = 3y - 2
x(y - 1) = 3y - 2
3y−2
x= y−1

x ∈ A since y ≠ 1
Hence there exists x ∈ A for every y ∈ B such that f(x) = y
f is onto
Hence f is bijective.
2. (a) 4
Explanation: 4
3.
(d) {(1, 1), (3, 3), (3, 1), (2, 3)}
Explanation:
i. R is reflexive if it contains ({1, 1), (2, 2) and (3, 3)}.
Since, (2, 2) ∈ R. So, we need to add (1, 1) and (3, 3) to make R reflexive.
ii. R is symmetric if it contains {(2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3)}.
Since, {(2, 2), (1, 3), (3,2)} ∈ R. So, we need to add (3, 1) and (2, 3).
Thus, minimum ordered pairs which should be added in relation R to make it reflexive and symmetric are {(1, 1), (3, 3), (3,
1), (2, 3)}.

4.
(d) 1
Explanation: sin[ π

3
+ sin
−1
(
1

2
)]

= sin ( π

3
+
π

6
) = sin ( π

2
) =1

5.
(d) [1, 2]
Explanation: Let, f(x) = cos-1(2x - 3)
-1 ≤ 2x - 3 ≤ 1

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 ⇒ 2 ≤ 2x ≤ 4
⇒ 1≤x≤2
∴ x ∈ [1, 2] or domain of x is [1, 2].

6.
−π
(b) 10

3π
Explanation: sin −1
(cos
5
)

= sin-1 sin ( π

2
−
3π

5
)

= sin-1 sin (
5π−6π
)
10

= sin-1 sin (
−π
)
10
−π
= 10

7. (a) 3, -4
2 −1 10 2x + y(−1) 10
Explanation: If x [ ]+ y[ ]= [ ] ⇒ [ ]= [ ]
3 1 5 3x + y 5

By definition of equality of matrix as the given matrices are equal, their corresponding elements are equal.
Now, comparing the corresponding elements, we get
2x - y = 10 ...(i)
and 3x + y = 5 ...(ii)
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
5x = 15 ⇒ x = 3
Substituting x = 3 in Eq. (i), we get
2 × 3 - y = 10 ⇒ y = 6 - 10 = -4
8.
(c) ± 6
∣x 2 ∣ ∣6 2∣
Explanation: We have ∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣
∣ 18 x∣ ∣ 18 6∣

∣a b ∣
We know that determinant of A is calculated as |A| = ∣ ∣ = ad − bc
∣c d∣

⇒ x(x) - 2(18) = 6(6) - 2(18)

⇒ x2 - 36 = 36 - 36
⇒ x2 = 36 - 36 + 36
⇒ x2 = 36
⇒ x = ± 6

9.
(c) 8
Explanation: 8
10.
(c) -12, -2
∣2 −6 1∣
∣ ∣
Explanation: 1

2 ∣
5 4 1
∣
= 35

∣k 4 1∣

∣2 −6 1∣
∣ ∣
5 4 1 = 70
∣ ∣
∣k 4 1∣

|2(4 − 4) + 6(5 − k) + 1(20 − 4k)| = 70

|50 − 10k| = 70

50 - 10k = ± 70
k = -12,-2
11.
4 −2
(b) [ ]
−3 1

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 1 2 ∣1 2∣
Explanation: Let A = [ ] then |A| = ∣ ∣.
3 4 ∣3 4∣

Now, cofactors of elements of |A| are

C11 = (-1)1+1 4 = 4,

C12 = (-1)1+2 (3) = -3,

C21 = (-1)2+1 (2) = -2

and C22 = (-1)2+2 (1) = 1

T
C11 C12
Now, adj (A) = [ ]
C21 C22
T
4 −3
= [ ]
−2 1

4 −2
= [ ]
−3 1

12.
(c) -1, 11

Explanation: -1, 11

13. (a) 5

Explanation: Since f(x) is continuous on 0,then we

sin 5x
⇒ limx→0 = f (0)
3x
sin 5x 5x
⇒ limx→0 × = f (0)
3x 5x
sin 5x 5x
⇒ limx→0 × = f (0)
5x 3x
5
⇒ f (0) =
3
5
⇒ k=
3

14. (a) differentiable everywhere except at x = 0

x

Explanation: We have, f(x) = e|x| = {

e , x ≥ 0
−x
e , x < 0
f (0−h)−f (0)
LHD = lim −h
h→0

−(0−h) 0 h f (0+h)−f (0)

e −e e −1
= lim −h
= lim −h
= -1 and RHD = lim h
h→0 h→0 h→0
0+h h
e −f (0)
= lim h
= lim e

h
−1
=1
h→0 h→0

∴ LHD ≠ RHD
So, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
Hence, f(x) is differentiable everywhere except at x = 0.
15.
(d) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0.
Explanation: Continuous but not differentiable at x = 0.
f(x) = |x| - x
|x| is a continuous function at x=0
x is a continuous function at x=0
∵ f(x) is continuous function at x=0

x − x if x ≥ 0
f (x) = {
−x − x if x < 0

0 if x ≥ 0
f (x) = {
−2x if x < 0

Therefore, at x=0 f(x) is continuous. However, f(x) is not differentiable at x=0 because the left and right derivatives are not
equal.
Specifically, the left derivative is -2 and the right derivative is O, so the function is not differentiable at x=0

16.
(d) 2π r(2rh2 - h3)
2

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 Explanation:

Here, CSA of cone = π Rl

Radius of sphere = r
height of cone = h
In △AOC,
AO2 = AC2 + OC2
⇒ r2 = R2 + (h - r)2
⇒ R2 = 2hr - h2
−−−−−−−
∴ Radius of cone, R = √2hr − h ...(i) 2

In △ABC,
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
⇒ l2 = R2 + h2
⇒ l2 = 2hr - h2 + h2
− −−
∴ slant height = √2hr ...(ii)

CSA of cone = π Rl
−−−−−−− − −−
2
= π√2hr − h √2hr

(CSA of cone)2 = π (2hr - h2)(2hr)

2

= 2π hr(2hr - h2)
2

= 2π r(2rh2- h3)
2

17.
1
(b) 2

Explanation: Let f(x) = sinx . cosx

1
⇒ f (x) = (sin2x)
2

Now, f'(x)= 1

2
(cos2x).2 = cos2x

For maximum and minimum values of x, we have f'(x) = 0

f'(x) = 0⇒ cos2x = 0
π
⇒ x =
4

Now, f''(x) = -2sin2x

i.e, f''( ) = -2sin = -2 < 0
π

4
π

Hence, f(x) has a maximum value at x = π

4
and the max value of f( ) = sin
π

4
π

4
cos π

4
= 1

2
.

18.
(c) 4

27

Explanation: Here,it is given function ff(x) = (x - 2) (x - 3)2

f(x) = (x - 2) (x2 - 6x + 9)
f(x) = x3 - 8x2 + 21x + 18
f'(x) = 3x2 - 16x + 21
f''(x) = 6x - 16
For maximum or minimum value f'(x) = 0
∴ 3x2 - 9x - 7x + 21 = 0
⇒ 3x(x - 3) - 7(x - 3) = 0
7
⇒ x = 3 or x =
3

f''(c) at x = 3

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 ∴ f''(x) = 2
f''(x) > 0 it is decreasing and has minimum value at x = 3
at x = 7

f'' (x) = -2
7
f''(x) < 0 it is increasing and has maximum value at x = 3

Putting, x = 7

3
in f(x) we obtain,
2
7 7
⇒ ( − 2) ( − 3)
3 3

2
1 −2
= ( )( )
3 3

4
=
27

19.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
Set P contains 5 elements and set Q contains 2 elements.
Let the number of elements in P be m i.e. m=5
and the number of elements in Q be n i.e. n=2.
n−1

Number of onto function = ∑ n r

cr (−1) (n − r)
m

r=0

2 r 5
= ∑ cr (−1) (2 − r)

r=0

2 0 5 2 1 5
= c0 (−1) (2 − 0) + c1 (−1) (2 − 1)

= 32+2(-1)
= 32 -2
= 30
Hence Assertion is true.
n−1

The reason is false as the number of onto functions = ∑ n r

cr (−1) (n − r)
m

r=0

so Assertion is true and reason is false.

20.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
A: The maximum value of (cos-1 x) 2 is π (true) 2

R: Range of the principal value branch of cos-1x is [

−π π

2
,
2
] . (false)
The range of the principal value branch of cos-1x is [−π, π] .

Section B
21. Let x1, x2 ∈ (−∞, 0) such that f(x1) = f(x2)
x1 x2
i.e., 1+| x1 |
=
1+| x2 |

x1 x2
⇒ =
1−x1 1−x2

⇒ x1 - x1x2 = x2 - x1x2
⇒ x1 = x2
∴ f is one-one.
Let y ∈ (-1, 0) such that y = x

1+|x|

⇒ y= 1−x
x

y
⇒ x= 1+y

For each y ∈ (-1, 0), there exists x ∈ (−∞ , 0),

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 y

y 1+y
such that f(x) = f ( 1+y
) = ∣ y ∣
1+
∣ 1+y ∣
y

1+y
= y =y
1−
1+y

Hence f is onto.
22. Let x = cos θ
∴ θ = cos-1 x
sec-1( 1
) = sec-1( 1
) = sec-1( 1
) = sec-1(sec 2θ)
2x2 −1 2 cos 2 θ−1 cos 2θ

= 2θ
= 2 cos-1 x
23. We have,
1 3 2 1
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

[1 x 1] ⎢ 2 5 1⎥⎢2 ⎥ =0
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
15 3 2 x

7 + 2x
⎡ ⎤

⇒ [1 x 1 ] ⎢ 12 + x ⎥ =0
⎣ ⎦
21 + 2x

⇒ 7 + 2x + 12x + x2 + 21 + 2x = 0
⇒ x2 + 16x + 28 = 0
⇒ (x + 14)(x + 2) = 0 ⇒ x = -2 or -14.
24. Let Mij and Cij represents the minor and co-factor of an element, where 'i' represent the row and 'j' represent the column.
The minor of the matrix can be obtained for a particular element by removing the row and column where the element is present.
Then finding the absolute value of the matrix newly formed.
Also, Cij = (-1)i+j × Mij
5 20
Given: A = [ ]
0 −1

M11 = -1
M21 = 20

C11 = (-1)1+1 × M11

= 1 × -1 = -1
C21 = (-1)2+1 × M21
= 20 × -1 = -20
Now expanding along the first column we get
|A| = a11 × C11 + a21 × C21
= 5× (-1) + 0 × (-20) = -5
25. At any instant t, let the length of each edge of the cube be x, V be its volume and S be its surface area. Then,
dV
= 7 cm3 / sec ... (given) ... (i)
dt

Now, V = x3 ⇒
dV dV dx

dt
= dx
⋅
dt

.... [∵ V = x3]
d dx
⇒ 7= dx
3
(x ) ⋅
dt

⇒ 3x
2
⋅
dx

dt
=7
⇒
dx
= 7

dt 3x2

S = 6x2 ⇒
dS dS dx
∴
dt
= dx
⋅
dt
d 7
= dx
(6x ) ⋅
2
2
3x

= (12x × 7

2
) = 28

x
3x

⇒ [
dS

dt
] =( 28

12
) cm2 /sec = 2 1

3
2
cm /sec
x=12
1
Hence, the surface area of the cube is increasing at the rate of 2 3
2
cm /sec at the instant when its edge is 12 cm.
OR

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 Given: f(x) = x |x| , x ∈ R
Case1: When x > 0
2
f (x) = x|x| = x(x) = x

′
⇒ f (x) = 2x ≥ 0, ∀ x ≥ 0

So, f(x) is increasing for x >0

Case2: When x < 0
2
f (x) = x|x| = x(−x) = −x

′
⇒ f (x) = −2x ≥ 0, ∀ x < 0

So, f (x) is increasing for x < 0

Hence f (x) is increasing for x ∈ R
Section C
26. Let f: R − {− 4

3
} → R be a function defined as f(x) = 4x

3x+4
.
For one-one (Injective):
Let f(x1) = f(x2) for some x1, x2 ∈ R − {− 4

3
}

4x1 4x2
⇒
3x1 +4
= 3x2 +4

⇒ 12x1x2 + 16x1 = 12x1x2 + 16x2

⇒ 16x1 = 16x2
⇒ x1 = x2
⇒ f is one-one function.
For onto (Surjective): Let y ∈ R- { }, and for some x. 4

Let y = 4x

3x+4

⇒ 3xy + 4y = 4x
⇒ x(3y - 4) = -4y
4y 4y
⇒ x=− 3y−4
or x = 4−3y

4
x is real if y ≠ 3
.
So Rf = R − { 4

3
} ≠ Codomain(f)
So, f is not onto.
OR
Let f(x1) = f(x2)
x1 x2
⇒ =
1+x1 2 1+x2 2

⇒ x1 + x1x22 = x2 + x12x2
⇒ (x1 - x2)(1 - x1x2) = 0
for x1 = x2, x1 = 1

x2
as x1 ≠ x2
⇒ f is not one-one.i.e. f(x) is many one
Let x ∈ R such that f(x) = y
⇒ y =
x

2
1+x

y+ x2y =x
x2y -x+y=0
1± √1−4y2

⇒ x= 2y
(y ≠ 0) .
[For y = 0 ∈ [− 1

2
,
1

2
] , we have 0 ∈ R such that f(0) = 0]
x ≠ 0, x ∈ R
⇒ 1 - 4y2 ≥ 0, y ≠ 0
⇒
1

4
≥ y2
y ≤ ±
1

2
, y ∈ [− 1

2
,
1

2
] - {0}.
Also, y = 0 when x = 0
∴ Range = [− , ] = Codomain
1 1

2 2

∴ f is onto.

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27. Let us consider tan-1(1) = x then we obtain
tan x = 1 = tan π

We know that range of the principle value branch of tan-1 is [− π

2
,
π

2
]

Thus, tan-1 (1) = π

4
1
Let cos −1
(−
2
)= y

cos y = − 1

2
= cos(π −
π

3
) = cos(
2π

3
)

We know that range of the principle value branch of cos-1 is [0, π ]

Thus, cos (− ) = −1 1

2
2π

Let sin-1 (− 1 ) = 2
z

π π
sin z = − sin = sin(− )
6 6

We know that range of the principle value branch of sin-1 is [− π

2
,
π

2
]

Thus, sin-1 (−
1 π
)= −
2 6

Now,we have
−1 −1 1 1
tan (1) + cos (− ) + sin(− )
2 2
3π+8π−2π 9π 3π
= π

4
+
2π

3
−
π

6
=
12
=
12
=
4

28. f(x) =x2 -5 x+7 ⇒ f(A) =A2 -5 A +7I

3 4 3 4 3 4 1 0
⇒ f (A) = [ ][ ] −5 [ ]+ 7[ ]
−4 −3 −4 −3 −4 −3 0 1

3(3) + 4(−4) 3(4) + 4(−3) 15 20 7 0

⇒ f (A) = [ ]− [ ]+ [ ]
−4(3) − 3(−4) −4(4) − 3(−3) −20 −15 0 7

9 − 16 12 − 12 15 20 7 0
⇒ f (A) = [ ]−[ ]+ [ ]
−12 + 12 −16 + 9 −20 −15 0 7

−7 0 15 20 7 0
⇒ f (A) = [ ] [ - ]+ [ ]
0 −7 −20 −15 0 7

−7 − 15 + 7 0 − 20 + 0 −15 −20
⇒ f (A) = [ ]⇒ f (A) = [ ]
0 + 20 + 0 −7 + 15 + 7 20 15

3 2 4 1
29. Let A = [ ] and B = [ ]
1 −1 2 3

∣3 2∣
Here, |A| = ∣ ∣ = (-3 - 2) = -5 ≠ 0
∣1 −1 ∣

So, A is non singular and therefore, invertible.

we know that XA = B
⇒ (XA) ⋅ A-1 = BA-1
⇒ X (AA-1) = BA-1
⇒ XI = BA-1
⇒ X = BA-1 ... (i)
Now, cofactors of elements of A are
A11 = -1, A12 = -1;
A21 = -2, A22 = 3
T
−1 −1 −1 −2
∴ adj A = [ ] = [ ]
−2 3 −1 3

−1 −2
∴ A-1 = 1
⋅ adj A = − 1

5
⋅ [ ]
|A|
−1 3

using the value of A-1 in eq (i) we get,

4 1 1 −1 −2
= [ ] ⋅ (− ) ⋅ [ ]
5
2 3 −1 3

1
4 1 −1 −2
= (− ) ⋅ [ ][ ]
5
2 3 −1 3

1
−5 −5 1 1
= (− ) ⋅ [ ]= [ ]
5
−5 5 1 −1

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 dy −−−− −−−−−
30. According to the question,we have to prove that dx
= −
1

2
if x√1 + y + y√1 + x = 0
(1+x)

where x≠ y.
we shall first write y in terms of x explicitly i.e y=f(x)
−−−− −−−−−
Clearly, x√1 + y = −y√1 + x
Squaring both sides,we get,
x2(1 + y) = y2 (1 + x)
⇒ x2 + x2y = y2(1 + x)
⇒ x2 - y2 = y2x - x2y
⇒ (x - y)(x + y) = -xy(x - y)

⇒ (x - y)(x + y) + xy(x - y) = 0
⇒ (x - y)(x + y + xy) = 0

∴ Either, x - y = 0 or x + y + xy = 0

Now, x - y = 0 ⇒ x = y
But, it is given that x ≠ y
So, it is a contradiction
Therefore, x - y = 0 is rejected.
Now, consider y + xy + x = 0
−x
⇒ y(1 + x) = -x ⇒ y = ..........(i) 1+x

Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,

d d
(1+x)× (−x)−(−x)× (1+x)
dy
[By using quotient rule of derivative]
dx dx
=
dx 2
(1+x)

dy (1+x)(−1)+x(1)
⇒ =
dx 2
(1+x)

dy −1−x+x
⇒ =
dx 2
(1+x)

dy −1
∴ =
dx 2
(1+x)

31. Suppose P (x,y) be a point on

y2 = 4x ...(i)
Let S be the square of the distance between A(2, -8) and P(x,y)
∵ S = (x - 2)2 + (y + 8)2 ...(ii)
Using (i),
2 2

+ (y + 8)2
y
S=( 4
− 2)

2
y y
∵
DS

DY
=2( 4
− 2) ×
2
+ 2 (y + 8)
3
y −8y
= 4
+2y + 16
3
y
= 4
+ 16
For maxima and minima,we have
DY

DS
=0
3
y
⇒
4
+ 16 = 0
⇒ y=-4
Now,we have
2 2
3y
d s

2
= 4
dy
2

At y = - 4, d s
= 12 > 0
dy 2

∵ y = -4 is the point of local minima

From (i)
2
y
x= 4
=4
Thus, the required point is (4, -4) nearest to (2, -8).
Section D
32. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

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 On her birthday, Shanti decided to donate some money to children of an orphanage home. If there were 8 children less, everyone
would have got ₹ 10 more. However, if there were 16 children more, everyone would have got ₹ 10 less. Let the number of
children be x and the amount distributed by Shanti for one child be y (in ₹).

(i) Let number of children = x

Amount distributed by Shanti for one child = ₹ y
Now, Total money = xy
and Total money will remain the same.
Given that, if there were 8 children less, everyone would have got ₹ 10 more.
Total money now = Total money before
(x - 8) × (y + 10) = xy
⇒ x(y + 10) - 8(y + 10) = xy

⇒ xy + 10x - 8y - 80 = xy

⇒ 10x - 8y - 80 = 0

⇒ 10x - 8y = 80

⇒ 5x - 4y = 40
Also, if there were 16 children more, everyone would have got ₹ 10 less.
Total money now = Total money before
(x + 16) × (y - 10) = xy
⇒ x(y - 10) + 16(y - 10) = xy

⇒ xy - 10x + 16y - 160 = xy

⇒ -10x + 16y - 160 = 0

⇒ 10x - 16y + 160 = 0

⇒ 5x - 8y = -80

Thus, required equations are:

5x - 4y = 40 ...(i)
5x - 8y = - 80 ...(ii)
(ii) On solving eqs. (i) & (ii), we get x = 32 and y = 30.
Hence, the number of children = 32
The amount is given to each child by Shanti = Rs. 30.
(iii)Writing eq. (i) & eq. (ii) in matrix form, we get
5 −4 x 40
[ ][ ]= [ ]
5 −8 y −80

(iv)Total amount = xy = 32 × 30 = ₹ 960.

33. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Each triangular face of the Pyramid of Peace in Kazakhstan is made up of 25 smaller equilateral triangles as shown in the figure.

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 (i) ∣ ∣ x1 y1 1 ∣∣
∣ ∣ ∣∣
Area of triangle is given by ∣ 1

2 ∣
x2 y2 1
∣∣
∣ ∣ x3 y3 1 ∣∣

∣ ∣0 0 1 ∣∣
∣ ∣ – ∣∣
∴ Required area = 1
3 √3 1
∣ 2 ∣ ∣∣
–
∣3 ∣ − √3 1 ∣∣
1 – –
= ∣∣ 2
[1(−3√3 − 3√3)]∣
∣ [Expanding along R1]
–
=3 sq. units.
√3

(ii) Since a face of the Pyramid consist of 25 smaller equilateral triangles.

– –
∴ Required area = 25 × 3√3 = 75√3 sq. units.

(iii)Area of equilateral triangle = a2

√3

a2 ⇒ a2 =
– √3 –
∴ 3 √3 = 4
12 ⇒ a = 2√3
Let h be the length of altitude of a smaller equilateral triangle. Then,
–
× base × height = 3√3
1

2
– –
⇒
1

2
× 2√3 × h = 3√3 ⇒ h = 3 units
(iv) ∣a 0 1∣
∣ ∣
Area of ΔABC = 1
0 b 1
2 ∣ ∣
∣1 1 1∣

= 1

2
[a (b - 1) - 0 + 1 (0 - b)] = 1

2
(ab - a - b) = 0 [∵ 1

a
+
1

b
= 1 ⇒ b + a = ab]
Points A, B and C are collinear.
∴

34. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

The temperature of a person during an intestinal illness is given by f(x) = -0.1x2 + mx + 98.6, 0 ≤ x < 12, m being a constant,
where f(x) is the temperature in oF at x days.

(i) f(x) = -0.1x2 + mx + 98.6, being a polynomial function, is differentiable everywhere, hence, differentiable in (0, 12).
(ii) f(x) = -0.2x + m
At Critical point
0 = -0.2 × 6 + m
m = 1.2
(iii)f(x) = -0.1x2 + 1.2x + 98.6
f'(x) = -0.2x + 1.2 = -0.2(x - 6)
In the Interval f'(x) Conclusion

(0, 6) +Ve f is strictly increasing in [0, 6]

(6, 12) -Ve f is strictly decreasing in [6, 12]

(iv)f(x) = -0.1x2 + 1.2x + 98.6,
f'(x) = -0.2x + 1.2, f'(6) = 0,
f"(x) = -0.2
f"(6) = -0.2 < 0
Hence, by second derivative test 6 is a point of local maximum. The local maximum value = f(6) = -0.1 × 62 + 1.2 × 6
+ 98.6 = 102.2
We have f(0) = 98.6, f(6) = 102.2, f(12) = 98.6
6 is the point of absolute maximum and the absolute maximum value of the function = 102.2.
0 and 12 both are the points of absolute minimum and the absolute minimum value of the function = 98.6.

11 / 14
 Section E
1 5
35. i. Given: A = [ ]
6 7
‘
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 6 1 + 1 5 + 6 2 11
Let B = A + A’ = [ ]+ [ ] = [ ]+ [ ] = [ ]= [ ]
6 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 6 + 5 7 + 7 11 14

2 11 2 11
′
∴ B = [ ]= [ ]= B
11 14 11 14

∴ B = A + A’ is a symmetric matrix.
1 5
ii. Given: [ ]
6 7
‘
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 6 1 − 1 5 − 6 0 −1
Let B = A – A’ = [ ]− [ ] = [ ]− [ ] = [ ]= [ ]
6 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 6 − 5 7 − 7 1 0
‘
0 −1 0 1
′
∴ B = [ ] = [ ]
1 0 −1 0

0 −1
Taking (-1) common, − [ ] = −B
1 0

∴ B = A – A’ is a skew-symmetric matrix.
36. Let us show that x = 2 is a root of the given equation:
Putting x = 2 in the LHS, we get
∣ 2 −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
2 −6 −1 =0
∣ ∣
∣ −3 4 4 ∣

∵ R1 = R2, its determinant is zero.

Hence, x = 2 is a root of the given equation.
Now, we see if there are any other roots. For this, we need to solve the equation,
∣ x −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
2 −3x x − 3 =0
∣ ∣
∣ −3 2x x + 2∣

∣x − 1 −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
⇒ x − 1 −3x x − 3 = 0 (C1 → C1 + C3)
∣ ∣
∣x − 1 2x x + 2∣

∣1 −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
⇒ (x - 1) ∣ 1 −3x x − 3
∣
=0
∣1 2x x + 2∣

∣1 −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
⇒ (x - 1) 0 −3x + 6 x − 3 + 1 = 0 (R2 → R2 - R1, R3 → R3 - R1)
∣ ∣
∣0 2x + 6 x + 2 + 1∣

∣1 −6 ∣
−1
∣ ∣
⇒ (x - 1) ∣0 −3(x − 2) x − 2∣ =0
∣ ∣
∣0 2(x + 3) x + 3∣

∣1 −6 −1 ∣

⇒ (x - 1) (x - 2) (x + 3) ∣ 0 −3 1
∣
=0
∣ ∣
∣0 2 1 ∣

⇒ (x − 1) (x − 2) (x + 3) (-3 × 1 - 2 × 1) = 0
⇒ -5 (x − 1) (x − 2) (x + 3) = 0

⇒ (x − 1) (x − 2) (x + 3) = 0

⇒ (x - 1) = 0, (x - 2) = 0, (x + 3) = 0
⇒ x = 1, x = 2, x = -3

OR
2 −3 5
⎡ ⎤

Given: Matrix A = ⎢ 3 2 −4 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
1 1 −2

∣2 −3 5 ∣

∴ |A| = ∣ 3 2 −4
∣
∣ ∣
∣1 1 −2 ∣

12 / 14
 ⇒ |A| = 2(-4 + 4) - (-3)(-6 + 4) + 5(3 - 2) = 0 - 6 + 5 = -1 ≠ 0
∴ A-1 exists and A-1 = 1
(adj. A)...(i)
|A|

Now, A11 = 0, A12 = 2, A13 = 1 and A21 = -1, A22 = -9, A23 = -5 and A31 = 2, A32 = 23, A33 = 13
′
0 2 1 0 −1 2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

∴ adj. A =⎢ −1 −9 −5 ⎥ = ⎢ 2 −9 23 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
2 23 13 1 −5 13

From eq. (i),

0 −1 2 0 1 −2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

A-1 = 1

−1
⎢2 −9 23 ⎥ = ⎢ −2 9 −23 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1 −5 13 −1 5 −13

Now, Matrix form of given equations is AX = B

2 −3 5 x 11
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢3 2 −4 ⎥ ⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢ −5 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1 1 −2 z −3

2 −3 5 x 11
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Here A =⎢ 3 2 −4 ⎥ , X = ⎢ y ⎥ and B =⎢ −5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1 1 −2 z −3

Therefore, solution is unique and X = A-1B

x 0 1 −2 11
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢ −2 9 −23 ⎥ ⎢ −5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
z −1 5 −13 −3

0 − 5 + 6
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ −22 − 45 + 69 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
−11 − 25 + 39

1
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢2⎥
⎣ ⎦
3

Therefore, x = 1, y = 2 and z = 3
37. Given,
x = sin( 1

a
log y)

(log y) = a sin-1x
−1

y = e
a sin x
...(i)
To prove: (1 - x2) y2 - xy1 - a2y = 0
We notice a second-order derivative in the expression to be proved so first take the step to find the second-order derivative.
2
d y
Let's find 2
dx
2
d y dy
As, =
d
( )
dx2 dx dx

So, lets first find dy/dx

−1
a sin x
∵ y = e

Let t = asin-1x
dt a d −1 1
⇒ = [ sin x= ]
dx 2 dx 2
√(1− x ) √(1− x )

And y = et
dy dy dt
=
dx dt dx
−1
dy a sin x

dx
= e
t a
=
ae
...(ii)
2 2
√(1− x ) √(1− x )

Again differentiating with respect to x applying product rule:

2
d y −1 −1
asin x d 1 a d asin x
= ae ( ) + e
2 dx dx
dx √1−x2 2
√(1− x )

Using chain rule and equation (ii)

2 −1 −1
d y a sin x 2 a sin x
ae a e
= − (−2x) +
dx2 2(1− x )√1−x
2 2 (1− x )
2

13 / 14
 [using dx
d n
(x ) = nx
n−1 d

dx
sin
−1
x =
1
]
2
√(1− x )

2 −1 −1
d y a sin x 2 a sin x
xae a e
= +
dx2 (1− x2 )√1−x2 (1− x2 )

2 −1
d y −1 asin x
2 2 asin x xae
(1 − x ) = a e +
2
dx √1−x2

Using equation (i) and equation (ii)

2
d y dy
2 2
(1 − x ) = a y+ x
2 dx
dx

∴ (1 - x2) y2 - xy1 - a2y =0

Hence proved.
OR
The right hand limit of f at x = 0 is given by
1

e x −1
lim f (x) = lim
1
+ +
x→0 x→0
e x +1
1
1−
1 −1

e x 1−e x 1−0
= lim = lim = = 1
+ 1 + −1 1+0
x→0 1+ x→0
1 1+e x

e x

Also,f(0)=0
Thus lim f (x) ≠ f (0) . Hence f is discontinuous at x = 0.
+
x→0

38.

2
V = πr .2x [∵ OL = x, LM = 2x]

2 2
= π. (a − x ).2x

2 3
V = 2π(a x − x )
dv 2 2
= 2π(a − 3x )
dx
2
d v
= 2π [0 − 6x]
2
dx

= −12πx

For maximum/minimum
dv
= 0
dx

2 2
2π[a − 3x ] = 0
−−
2 2 a2
a = 3x ⇒ √ = x
3

a
⇒ x =
√3

2
d v a
] = −12π.
2 a
dx x= √3
√3

= negative maximum
Volume is maximum at x = a

√3

Height of cylinder of maximum volume is

= 2x
a
= 2 ×
√3

2a
=
√3

14 / 14