MODULE

15
MECHANICAL, PLUMBING &
ELECTRICAL
15A – Mechanical (HVAC) Systems
15B – Plumbing Systems
15C – Electrical Systems

HOTEL
DESIGN STANDARDS
January 2012
 Courtyard – International Asia Mechanical Systems – 15A

MODULE

15A
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

HOTEL
DESIGN STANDARDS
January 2012

Design Standards - Copyright, Marriott International, Inc. Jan 2012 15 - C

15A – Mechanical Systems Courtyard – International Asia

Table of Contents

15A.1 General Requirements .. Error! Bookmark not defined.

15A.2 Building Cooling / Heating Local Calculations ....... 2
15A.3 HVAC System Requirements.................................... 3
15A.4 Central Cooling Plant ................................................ 5
15A.5 Central Heating Plant ................................................ 9
15A.6 Piping Systems........................................................ 11
15A.7 Air Side Systems ..................................................... 15
15A.8 Duct Work................................................................. 23
15A.9 Mechanical Smoke Control Systems <14>............ 25
15A.10 Fuel Oil System....................................................... 28
15A.11 Commerical Food & Beverage (F&B) Production 29
15A.12 Laundry ................................................................... 31
15A.13 Building Automation System (BAS)...................... 32
15A.14 Building Commissioning ....................................... 39

Revised : January 2012

Supersedes: January 2011 and all previous versions

Module Organization
• This Module is a part of an integrated series of 17 Modules.
• Coordination with information from other Modules is required.
• The reference symbol <XX> is used to indicate a Module
reference that includes additional information.

Marriott Confidential and Proprietary Information

The contents of the Design Standards are confidential and
proprietary to Marriott International, Inc. and may not be
reproduced, disclosed, distributed or used without the express
permission of an authorized representative of Marriott.
Copyright, Marriott International, Inc., unpublished material. All rights
Reserved.

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15A.1 General Requirements

A. Project Contact : Marriott International - “MI” - is the
corporate entity that manages this Brand and all MI
hospitality Brands. Contact the MI Design Manager for
the project specific manager referenced by the term “MI”
throughout this Module.
B. Codes & Standards:
1. Design Criteria: This Module sets minimum Marriott
International
(MI) requirements and is not intended to provide
complete design solutions to project specific situations.
2. Deviations: Submit proposed deviations from these
Standards in writing and obtain MI Engineering approval.
Also, submit deviations that alter operating costs and
include a complete computer simulated life cycle cost
analysis so that negative impacts can be reflected in the
operating Pro-Forma.
3. Standards Coordination: Comply with the more stringent
of governing laws, applicable governing codes and
regulations, and the MI Design Standards. Refer
conflicts to MI Engineering for resolution.
4. Documentation: Systems and equipment required by this
Module and installed by the contractor shall be included
and clearly identified on the design drawings submitted
for MI A&C Engineering review and comment.
5. Zurich Global: Fired pressure vessels, boilers, boiler
tanks and their safety trains (controls that include
combustion safeguards, safety shutoff valves, over
temperature protection and pressure relief valves)
require Zurich Global approval.
C. Building Pressures: Design building to maintain positive
pressure, maintain environmental requirement
(temperature and humidity) and ensure guest comfort.
1. Minimum outside air intake quantities shall exceed
building exhaust quantities by 10% on a floor-by-floor
basis. Provide complete airflow matrix showing supply,
return, exhaust, and outside air quantities on each
HVAC floor plan.
2. In high-rise buildings, consider “chimney or stack
effects” and the resulting infiltration. The use of entry
vestibules, with a revolving door will significantly
reduce stack effect. See Module <2> for application
of architectural requirements at Lobby entrance.
D. Equipment Selection: Select and provide equipment,
components and specified materials rated for applicable

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service, environment, temperatures and pressures.

Design and select outside equipment for project specific
conditions complete with factory applied corrosion
resistant coatings. Equipment designed for interior use
may not be installed outside.
E. Fire Protection / Life Safety: See Module <14>.

F. Environmental Requirements: Design and select

equipment to maintain indoor space temperature and
humidity conditions when using outside air and supply
requirements for occupants and internal heat gain in
compliance with Table 1 – HVAC Environmental
Requirements at end of this Module section.

F. Dimensions, Sizes & Measurements: In this Standard,

conversions from English to metric (SI) units are
approximate. Verify, coordinate and confirm product and
material dimensions for required design applications.
15A
15A.2 Building Cooling / Heating Load Calculations
.2 Building Cooling / Heating Load Calculations
A. Reference: Current edition of American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) Handbook of Fundamentals and equivalent
governing design standard.

B. Method: Utilize the Cooling Load Temperature Difference

(CLTD) as defined in ASHRAE.

C. Outdoor Design Conditions: Utilize the ASHRAE 1%

Cooling dry bulb and mean coincident wet bulb
temperature and the 99.6% Heating dry bulb temperature.

D. Review: Obtain MI Engineering approval of load

calculations, psychometric analysis and equipment
selections prior to beginning the design process.

E. Procedures: Prepare performance calculations for

purposes of selecting project central plant equipment.
1. Capacity of central cooling plant is based on building
block loads in compliance with the following conditions:
a. Guestrooms: 25% occupancy with sheers closed in
all guestrooms; interior lighting loads in guest
corridors.
b. Ballroom, Meeting Room and Pre-function
Occupancy: Assume load at one person per 0.93 m²
(10 sq. ft.) for block cooling load purposes.
c. System provides sufficient capacity to meet peak
cooling loads but must be capable of operating
efficiently at part load conditions without excessive
amounts of spare capacity.

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d. Central Heating Plant: Assume no credit for solar heat

gain or internal heat gains such as people, lights or
appliances in design of space heating system or
selection of equipment.

15A.3 HVAC System Requirements

A. General Design Parameters:
1. Design entire HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning) system to be cost effective, quiet and
energy efficient.
2. Design system to be as fully automatic as practical and
allow for easy maintenance by local service personnel.
3. Provide sufficient clearances, door access and routing in
compliance with manufacturers’ minimum requirements,
to allow routine maintenance, and removal and
replacement of system components.
4. Use common clearances for service of equipment to
minimize overall room dimensions.
5. Access to mechanical spaces may only be in non-public
areas.
6. Locate louvers and exterior mechanical equipment away
from vantage points of public and guest view.
7. Utilize linear slot diffusers for supply and return in public
spaces. Coordinate with MI Interior Design.
8. Avoid placement of access panels in public spaces.
Where required, coordinate location with MI Interior
Design.
B. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ):
1. High IAQ is a critical component of guest comfort and
is achieved through the proper design of building air
systems.
2. Provide air quality, including filtering and humidity control
in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62.1 2007
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and
ASHRAE Standard 55 2010 Thermal Environmental
Conditions for Human Occupancy.
3. Give special consideration to spaces such as
commercial cooking areas, fitness centers, pools, spas
etc. to ensure proper environmental conditions and to
avoid odor migration to surrounding areas.
4. Design rooms containing refrigeration equipment in
compliance with ASHRAE Standard 15. Provide visual
alarm outside the space and connect to Building
Automation System.
C. Energy Efficiency: MI has adopted a significantly
aggressive environmental policy. At a minimum, design
the HVAC systems in compliance with ASHRAE Standard

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90.1 2010, Energy Efficiency in Buildings and

governing energy code.
1. Provide a complete computer simulated life cycle cost
analysis for alternate HVAC systems and equipment
that may be considered for implementation.
2. Evaluate each of the following alternates with MI
Engineering with respect to application, practicality
and cost effectiveness.
3. Investigate the use of alternate or renewable energy
options including free cooling, heat recovery, thermal
storage, solar power, solar hot water and swimming
pool heat, wind power, geothermal cooling / heating
and deep water cooling.
4. Based on project geographic location, alternate energy
sources are considered such as electric, gas, oil and
alternate HVAC systems including two pipe fan coils
with electric heat in guestrooms.

D. Noise Criteria:
1. Design systems and select mechanical equipment to
minimize the transmission of sound and vibration.
2. Isolate duct work, piping and equipment suspended
from structures.
3. Select equipment, air distribution systems and air
devices not to exceed the following NC (Noise Criteria)
or RC (Room Criteria) levels:

4. Select cooling towers to maintain sound level of 45 dB

or lower at a distance of 15 m (50 ft.). Perform acoustic
analysis when cooling towers are located adjacent to
guestrooms or guest areas.

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15A.4 Central Cooling Plant

A. Design Considerations: A central cooling plant is
required for its energy and operating efficiency. The plant
consists of high efficiency water cooled chillers with a
variable primary chilled water pumping system, variable
speed condenser water pumping system and cooling
towers. Accessories include expansion tanks, air
separators and chemical water treatment system.
1. Service: Plant supplies chilled water to central station
air handling units (AHUs) in public and back of house
spaces and fan coil units (FCU’s) in guestrooms.
2. Location: Strategically locate chiller plant to minimize
pipe and conduit runs, preferably at grade to facilitate
maintenance. Locate chiller plant above water table
and protect from flooding.
3. Provide blind flanges and valves in chilled water
system for connection of temporary equipment.
4. Provide bypass with control valve for minimum chiller
flow in the event of either a chiller or variable
frequency drive (VFD) failure.
B. Chillers:
1. Quantity: Minimum two piped in parallel. Single
chillers with dual compressors are not acceptable.
2. Type: Electric water cooled centrifugal (>300 tons) or
rotary screw chillers (<300 tons) with factory
mounted starters and microprocessor controls.
Chillers shall utilize either R123 or R134a refrigerant.
3. Controls: Manufacturer’s factory mounted chiller plant
optimization package; including complete control of
chillers, chilled water pumps, condenser water
pumps, and cooling towers with contact point for
external connection to Building Automation System
(BAS).
4. Capacity Selection: If two chillers are used, select
each at 65% of peak load. For projects with peak
load greater than 1,600 tons, select three chillers at
40%.
5. Efficiency Range: Centrifugal chillers shall not exceed
0.54 kW/ton at full load. Screw chillers shall not
exceed 0.68 kW/ton at full load. Specify NPLV part
load efficiencies.
6. Water Temperatures: Chilled water supply 5.5° C
(42° F) and return 12.2° C (54° F).
7. Mounting: Install chillers on 15 cm (6 inch) reinforced
concrete pads with spring isolators. Provide flexible
pipe connectors at inlets and outlets of each chiller to
isolate piping system.
8. Variable Frequency Drives (VFD): Provide VFD on

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one chiller for either of the following conditions:

a. An individual chiller is not capable of unloading below
25% of design capacity, or
b. The ambient conditions allow significant hours of
condenser water temperature relief.

9. Chiller System Heat Recovery: In projects where there is

a requirement for hot water for reheat and / or a constant
domestic hot water load, utilize condenser heat recovery.
a. Addition of a rotary chiller with the condenser
dedicated to pre-heating domestic hot water.
• Chiller load can be controlled by the domestic hot
water demand to provide condenser water
between 43° and 60° C (110° and 140° F).
Optimize the water temperature / flow for
maximum efficiency of the pre-heat system.
• Provide appropriate heat exchangers, pumps and
controls for automatic operation.
b. Addition of an auxiliary condenser water bundle to the
lead chiller to provide a separate circuit for HVAC
reheat where required for dehumidification.
• The auxiliary condenser size, temperatures and
flow are selected for maximum efficiency.
• Provide appropriate pumps and controls for
automatic operation.

10. Region Requirements: Consult with MI Engineering to

determine regional requirements:
a. In some regions, air cooled screw chillers may be
appropriate. Provide high efficiency chillers rated at
1.18 kW/ton with copper condenser tubes, fins and
factory applied corrosion resistant coating.
b. Redundancy: Based on geographic location,
availability of factory trained local service personnel
and spare parts, additional chillers, pumps and cooling
towers may be required.

11. Controls: Chiller plant optimization package to control

chillers, pumps, cooling towers and valves are stand
alone by the chiller manufacturer with an interface to
the Building Automation System.
12. Manufacturers: Trane, Carrier, York, McQuay Climacool
and Multi-Stack

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C. Cooling Towers:
1. Quantity: Same as chillers.
2. Type: Induced draft type completely constructed o
stainless steel and / or fiberglass with drift eliminators,
VFDs for air side control, premium efficiency motors,
electronic water level control, basin heaters (if required
to prevent freezing), and OSHA approved access
ladders and platforms. Tower is minimum 2 cells with
each cell fully independent of the other so that one cell
may be drained for repair while the other is operating.
3. Sizing: Capacities meet the chillers selected a
ASHRAE 0.4% evaporation wet bulb temperature.
Deviation requires approval of MI Engineering.
4. Water Temperatures: Condenser water supply 27°
(80° F) and return 35° C (95° F).
5. Piping: Connect cooling towers in parallel and provide
full line size bypass with automatic 3 way valve for use
when condenser water temperatures drop below
minimum requirements of chiller manufacturer.
6. Isolation: Mount cooling towers on structural steel rail
supports with spring vibration isolators. Provide flexible
pipe connectors at inlets and outlets of each tower to
isolate the piping system.
7. Provide cooling towers with basin scavenging systems
and sand filters.
8. Region Requirement: Consult with MI Engineering for
regional requirements.
a. Where appropriate for ambient conditions, design
chilled water system with waterside economizer
containing plate and frame heat exchangers selected
at 1° C (2° F) approach with flow rates and pressure
drops the same as one chiller.
b. Where ambient wet bulb temperature is
exceptionally high, consult chiller manufacturer for
specifications of chillers using higher temperature
condenser water supply.
c. Consider use of sea water for condenser water with
parallel titanium plate and frame heat exchangers
selected at 1° C (2° F) approach.
9. Manufacturers: BAC, Marley, Evapco, and Pro Tech.
D. Pumps for Chilled Water System:
1. Design: Perform accurate system head calculations with
prudent but not excessive consideration of safety factors
to eliminate operation in an overload condition and
eliminate excessive differential pressures across valves.
2. Type: Centrifugal base mounted, 1,750 rpm with premium
efficiency motors.

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3. Chilled Water Pumps: One variable speed (VFD) chilled

water pump for each chiller plus one additional variable
speed (VFD) pump for standby with piping and valves
for cross connection to other pumps.
4. Condenser Water: One condenser water pump for each
chiller plus one additional pump for standby with piping
and valves for cross connection to other pumps.
Provide each condenser water pump with a VFD for
balancing and control.
5. Piping:
a. Provide automatic line size shutoff valve and suction
diffuser on pump suction.
b. Provide full size valve and blind flange in chilled
water supply and return for connection of temporary
chiller in the event of a failure.
6. Mounting: A Victaulic Tri-Service valve assembly
consisting of a MasterSeal butterfly valve with a Series
779 venturi check valve may be provided in grooved
piping systems.
a. Provide three Victaulic flexible pipe couplings or
flexible pipe connectors at suction and discharge of
each pump to isolate the piping system.
b. Install pumps on 10 cm (4 inch) high concrete
housekeeping pads with concrete inertia bases and
spring isolators.
c. Concrete inertia bases are not required when pumps
are mounted on a slab on grade.
E. Water Cooled Refrigeration Equipment:
1. Connect coolers, freezers and ice machines to
individual condenser water system with closed circuit
cooling tower.
2. Locate remote compressors in a fully conditioned
mechanical room
3. Provide each unit with water supply of 0.1 l/s (1.5 gpm)
per hp.
4. Backup Power: <15C> Connect coolers, freezers,
cooling tower and pumps to backup power from
standby power source.
F. Condensate: Provide condensate recovery system for all
air handling units (AHUs) and fan coil units (FCUs) and
pipe to cooling towers for makeup water.
G. Multi-Use Facilities: Individually meter chilled water to
each occupancy. Consult MI Engineering for project
specific requirements.

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15A.5 Central Heating Plant

A. Design Considerations: The central heating plant is
required because of its energy and operating efficiency.
The plant consists of high efficiency, gas fired, hot water
boilers with a hydraulically separate primary / secondary
hot water pumping system with “bridge”, expansion tank,
air separator and shell and tube heat exchangers for
heating hot water, double wall shell and tube heat
exchanges for domestic hot water, laundry and
commercial cooking area systems.
B. Service: Plant supplies heating hot water to central
station AHUs in public and back of house spaces and
FCU’s in guestrooms.
C. Location: Strategically locate heating plant to minimize
pipe and conduit lengths, but outside of conditioned area,
preferably at grade to facilitate maintenance. Locate
heating plant equipment above water table and protect
from flooding.
D. Boilers:
1. Quantity: Minimum of two, piped in parallel. 2,000,000
Btuh input, modular gas fired with stainless steel heat
exchangers. Fire tube boilers are not allowed.
2. Sizing: Quantity required to meet simultaneous peak
load for building heating and outside makeup air unit
reheat.
3. Efficiency: Minimum 90%.
4. Water Temperatures: Primary hot water supply loop
maximum 82° C (180°F). Design so that return water
temperature is sufficient to eliminate the possibility of
condensation in non-condensing boilers.
5. Water Circulation: Minimum through boiler to comply
with manufacturer but not less than 0.0632 l / s (1
gpm) per 34,815 kJ (33,000 Btu) of boiler input.
a. Continuous water flow through boilers under all
operating conditions to minimize thermal shock
conditions.
b. Position pipe so automatic valves do not bypass
water around boiler.
6. Mounting: Install boilers on 10 cm (4 inch) reinforced
concrete pads.
7. Region Requirements: Consult with MI Engineering to
determine requirements.
a. In areas where winter temperatures are below
0° C (32° F), provide back-up power connected to
boiler plant, controls and pumps.

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b. Gas fired steam boilers.

c. Steam to hot water, shell and tube heat exchangers.
d. Redundancy: Based on geographic location and
availability of factory trained local service personnel
and spare parts, additional boilers, heat exchangers
and pumps may be required.
8. Controls: Manufacturers’ stand alone digital based
microprocessor with lead / lag control, circulating pump
controls, boiler / burner staging and contact points for
external connection of Building Automation System
(BAS).
9. Manufacturers: Lochinvar, RBI, AO Smith, and
GasMaster.
E. Pumps for Heating Hot Water System:
1. Design: Perform accurate system head calculations with
prudent but not excessive consideration of safety
factors to eliminate operation in an overload condition
and eliminate excessive differential pressures across
valves.
2. Type: Centrifugal base mounted, 1,750 rpm with
premium efficiency motors.
a. Primary Hot Water Pumps: One constant speed and
volume for each boiler plus one additional pump for
standby with piping and valves for cross connection
to other pumps.
b. Secondary Hot Water Pumps: Multiple zoning to
consist of minimum two pumps (one standby) for
each of the following systems; FCUs, AHUs,
domestic hot water system and laundry hot water
system.
• Equip pumps with variable frequency drives and
premium duty motors rated for inverter duty.
• Locate pressure sensors in most remote areas of
the building.
3. Sizing: Select for maximum efficiency, minimum 10%
larger than calculated brake horsepower with flows to
match equipment.
4. Piping: Provide line size shutoff valve and suction
diffuser on pump suction.
5. Mounting: A Victaulic Tri-Service valve assembly
consisting of a MasterSeal butterfly valve with a
Series 779 venturi check valve may be provided in
grooved piping systems.
a. Provide three Victaulic flexible pipe couplings or
flexible pipe connectors at suction and discharge
of each pump to isolate the piping system.
b. Install pumps on 10 cm (4 inch) high concrete
housekeeping pads with concrete inertia bases
and spring isolators.
c. Concrete inertia bases are not required when
pumps are mounted slab on grade.

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F. Stairwells: Provide heating in stairwells to maintain

minimum 5° C (40° F).
G. Front Entrance Vestibule: In cold climates, provide heat
in vestibule to maintain minimum 10° C (50° F). See
Module <2A>.
H. Front Entrance: Provide radiant slab heat at external Bell
Stand in locations where winter temperatures drop
consistently below 0° C (32° F). See Module <2A>.
I. Receiving Area: Provide radiant heating panels at
locations where winter temperatures drop below 0º C (32°
F). Provide circulating fans in hot climates.
J. Multi-Use Facilities: Individually meter heating hot water
to each occupancy. Consult MI Engineering for project
specific requirements.
15A.6 Piping Systems

15A.6 Piping Systems

A. Water Treatment: NALCO provides complete automated
water treatment system to prevent premature pipe failure,
loss of efficiency and heat transfer in chilled water,
condenser water and heating hot water systems. Install
corrosion coupon racks during construction.
1. Water Analysis: Obtain a complete, current water
analysis from the water authority during the design
process.
a. Address issues of corrosion, scale formation,
biological growth and suspended solid matter.
b. If a complete current water analysis is not available,
obtain a water sample to submit to a laboratory
approved by Engineering.
2. Chilled Water System: Design a complete automatic
shot feeder system with bulk chemical storage for
corrosion inhibitors and antimicrobials.
3. Condenser Water System: Design a complete
automatic system with the following:
a. Total dissolved solids meter with flow through cell
b. Chemical proportioning pump
c. Solenoid controlled adjustable flow bleed valve
d. Automatic blow down and bulk chemical storage
for:
• Corrosion inhibitors
• Deposit disbursements
• Antimicrobials
• pH adjustment chemicals
4. Heating Hot Water System: Provide a complete
automatic shot feeder system with bulk chemical
storage for corrosion inhibitors and antimicrobials.
5. Provide makeup meters for condenser water and
heating hot water systems.

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B. Pipe Material: Provide the following:

1. Chilled Water and Heating Hot Water System Types:
a. Schedule 40 black steel (welded, screwed or grooved)
b. Type “L” copper
c. Aquatherm polypropylene piping systems
2. Condenser Water System Types:
a. Schedule 40 black steel (welded, screwed or grooved)
b. Type “L” copper
c. Aquatherm polypropylene piping systems
d. Schedule 40 CPVC. CPVC is limited to piping of less
than 75 mm (3 inch). Do not provide CPVC for outdoor
piping.
3. Galvanized Pipe: Not permitted for HVAC systems.
4. Di-electric Unions: Provide for connections of different
materials. Victaulic Style 47 dielectric waterway fittings
are acceptable.
5. Solder for Copper: 95 / 5, tin / antimony solder.

C. Pipe Sizing: Size water piping based on the following:

1. 50 mm (2 inch) and Smaller: 1.2 m / sec (4 fps)
maximum velocity in chilled, hot and condenser piping.
2. 50 mm (2 inch) and Larger: 2.4 m / sec (8 fps) maximum
velocity in chilled, hot and condenser piping.
3. Pressure Drop: 11.96 kPa (4 ft of water column) per 30.5
m (100 ft.) maximum pipe pressure drop in any system.

D. Pipe Supports: Provide clevis or Uni-Strut trapeze

hangers with spacing for steel or copper piping system
supports based on pipe diameter. Provide supports on
both sides of changes in direction and at both sides of
valves and fittings.
1. 50 mm (2 inch) and Smaller: 1.8 m (6 ft.) maximum.
2. 50 mm (2 inch) to Less than 150 mm (6 inch): 3 m (10 ft.)
maximum.
3. 150 mm (6 inch) and Larger: 4.5 m (15 ft.) maximum.
4. Hangers : Provide clevis or Uni-Strut trapeze hangers
with maximum spacing of 1.2 m (4 ft.) for PVC piping.
5. Riser Clamps : Provide copper coated, steel riser clamps
for use with copper pipe at floor penetrations.
6. Hanger Shields: Provide at each hanger for insulated
piping.

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E. Pipe Insulation: Provide continuous insulation for piping

systems as follows.
1. Chilled Water Supply, Return and Condensate Drains.
Closed cell thermal insulation of thickness based on
pipe diameter as follows:
a. 18 mm (¾ inch) Pipe: 18 mm (¾ inch) minimum.
b. 25 mm (1 inch) to 50 mm (2 inch) Pipe: 25 mm (1
inch) minimum.
c. 50 mm (2 inch) and Larger Pipe: 35 mm (1½ inch)
minimum.
2. Fiberglass Insulation: Not permitted on cold water
systems.
3. Heating Hot Water Supply and Return: Insulate piping
with 37 cm (1½ inch) minimum thick fibrous glass
insulation with vapor barrier.
4. Seams & Joints: Continuously glued with insulation
contact adhesive.
5. Exterior Chilled Water Piping: Not recommended but
where required, insulate with Armacell ArmaTuff UV
resistant exterior insulation.
6. Valves & Fittings: Insulate as required above and cover
with one piece, PVC, molded jacket covers.
7. Freeze Protection of Condenser Water System: Where
required by environmental conditions, and drain down
is not possible, provide electric heat trace and insulate
condenser water piping same as required above for
chilled water exterior piping.
8. Manufacturers: Owens Corning Vapor Wick, Venture
Tape.
F. Valves: Design the piping distribution system with valves
located to permit repairs without shutting down more than
one piping riser at a time.
1. Location: Where possible, locate balancing, isolation
and shutoff valves over back-of-house areas to allow
remote, accessible service not visible to guests.
2. Shutoff Valves: Provide shutoff valves for each piece of
piped equipment to permit replacement, and allow
accessible service and repair without disturbing other
equipment that is not dependent on operation of the
serviced equipment.
a. Types and Locations : Provide full port ball valves or
butterfly valves with stainless steel stem offset from
the disc centerline for full 360 degree seating for the
following applications:
• In supply and return piping to all equipment and on
both sides of 2 way control valves to permit service
and replacement.
• In chilled water supply, chilled water return, hot
water supply and hot water return lines at the base
of all risers (including fan coil risers).
• At major branch takeoffs for isolation of systems.
b. Gate valves : Not allowed for shut off.

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3. Balancing (Flow Control) Valves:

a. Type: Provide automatic flow control valves with
temperature and pressure ports on return pipe of each
piece of equipment. Ball valves are not allowed for
balancing.
b. Manufacturers: Hayes Fluid Controls Mesurflo, Bell &
Gossett Circuit Sentry, Victaulic / TA Hydronics.
4. Control Valves: Provide in the following :
a. AHUs : 2 way modulating control valves on air handling
units.
b. FCUs : 2 way control valves on fan coil units.
c. Sizes : Provide 2 way control valves to handle
differential pressure without blow by.

G. Strainers: Provide strainers with drain valve at each air

handling unit coil for drain down and at the base of each
return riser. Victaulic grooved end Y-Type Series 732 /
W732 and T-Type Series 730 / W730.

H. Thermo-wells: Both sides of all equipment and at all

temperature control devices.

I. Equipment Connections: Provide connections at the

following locations:
1. Flanged or Screwed Unions: On both sides of AHUs and
2 way control valves. Unions are not required on
installations provided with grooved mechanical joint
couplings.
2. Di-Electric Unions: At connections of dissimilar metals.

J. Piping Identification: Provide the following:

1. Plastic Nameplates: Identify air handling units, pumps,
heat exchangers, tanks, chillers, cooling towers, water
treatment devices and control panels.
2. Brass Tags: Identify small devices, including in-line
pumps and valves.
3. Plastic Pipe Markers: Snap-on type with directional flow
arrows for chilled water, condensate drain, heating hot
water and domestic hot water piping.
4. Spacing: Minimum every 6 meters (20 ft.), both sides of
each wall penetration and at each change in direction.
K. Air Vents: Provide the following:
1. Manual Type: Place at system high points.
2. Automatic Type: Place at system high points above
inaccessible ceilings, hard-piped to nearest floor drain.

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15A.7 Air Side Systems

A. Design Considerations: Provide air conditioning in
habitable Public and Back-of-House spaces.
1. AHU Design: Provide complete information for AHUs
on the design documents including maximum design
outside air quantities, supply air dry bulb and wet bulb
temperatures.
2. Capacity: Select (AHUs) with greater than 50% outside
air quantity using the ASHRAE 0.4% evaporation wet
bulb and mean coincident dry bulb temperature. Select
AHUs with less than 50% outside quantities using the
ASHRAE 0.4 % Cooling dry bulb and mean coincident
wet bulb temperature.
3. Zoning: Zone air handling systems by type o
occupancy and time of operation to allow shutdown of
equipment or reset of temperature when heating and
cooling is not required.
4. Commercial Cooking Areas & Laundries: Provide
individual constant volume AHUs.
5. Rooftop Units: If required, locate immediately above
conditioned space with minimum two 90 degree elbows
on supply and return duct to minimize potential noise
generation.
6. Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems: Use VAV systems
with variable frequency drives (VFDs) to serve areas
with similar occupancies and hours of operation but
different load conditions (ballrooms, multiple retail
shops, gift shops and administrative offices).
7. AHU Locations: For ease of access and maintenance,
do not install AHUs above ceilings. Locate AHUs in
mechanical rooms or mechanical mezzanines.
8. Mechanical Rooms: Do not utilize as return air plenums.
Hard duct outside air and return air to AHUs.
9. Condensate: Connect AHU condensate drains to
condensate recovery system.
10. Outside Air Intakes: Locate a minimum of 10 m (30 ft.)
above grade and away from public and accessible
areas. <1> <17>
11. Smoke Control: For AHUs that are part of the smoke
exhaust and stair pressurization system, provide
auxiliary contacts on the control panel to receive signal
from the fire alarm panel.
12. Region Requirements: In tropical climates consider
using the following:
a. Separate AHUs for preconditioning outside air.

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b. Preheat coils on air handling units in cold climates to

prevent freezing chilled water coils.
c. Run around coils for reheat.
d. In coastal areas and corrosive environments,
construct coils with copper fins mechanically bonded
to copper tubes. Provide factory applied corrosion
protection for HVAC equipment and duct work.

B. Public & Back-of-House AHUs:

1. AHU Type: Provide factory packaged vertical o horizontal
type draw through low pressure constant volume or VAV
units with premium efficiency motors.
2. Fabrication: Double wall construction with closed cell
insulation and positive drain type stainless steel drain
pan. Do not expose fiberglass in the air stream.
3. Components: Provide the following:
a. Supply fan with double width, double inlet air foil fan
b. Hot water preheat coil with 2 way valve
c. Chilled water cooling coil with 2 way valve
d. Hot water heating coil with 2 way valve
e. Reheat for humidity control (either waste heat or
desiccant wheel)
f. Combination filter / mixing boxes with low velocity
filters, motorized dampers and automatic temperature
controls
g. Equip VAV AHUs with variable frequency drives and
premium duty motors rated for inverter duty
4. Return Fan: Provide with motor operated dampers on
return, outside air and relief air ducts, when required for
air side economizer.
a. Select fan with capacity to match supply air.
b. Consider use as smoke exhaust fan if capable o
exhausting minimum 8 air changes per hour in
smoke exhaust mode. Use of 2 speed motor is
acceptable.
5. Freeze Stats: Provide freeze stats to protect coils from
freezing by shutting down fans and closing outside air
dampers.
6. Sensors: Show sensor locations on the drawings and
provide the following:
a. Connect direct digital sensors to the BAS wit
temperature and humidity control in the following
locations:
• Lobbies
• Restaurants
• Lobby Bars
• Ballrooms
• Meeting Rooms and Boardrooms
• Pre-function Corridors
• Executive Offices

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b. Sensors in Ballrooms, Meeting Rooms and

Boardrooms with set point digital display and local
control to permit occupants to select temperature
from 20 to 24.5° C (68 to 76° F).
c. Back-of-house sensors are similar to public space
sensors without display, and are set only through the
BAS.
7. VAV Systems:
a. Sensors: Locate static pressure sensor at last VAV
box and high pressure limit at AHU.
b. Duct: Provide a minimum of four inlet diameters of
straight duct on VAV boxes for accurate sensing of
velocity pressures on box controller.
c. VAV Box Location: Locate in mechanical plant rooms
or above accessible ceilings with catwalks, preferably
in back of house areas for service and maintenance.
Where heat is required, outfit VAV boxes with hot
water heating coils with 2 way control valves.
d. Where possible, avoid locating VAV boxes in egress
corridors that may conflict with guest or property staff
circulation paths.
8. Capacity:
a. Design Supply Rate: Minimum of 6 air changes per
hour.
b. Cooling Coil: Maximum air velocity of 3 m/sec (50
fpm).
c. Heating Coil: Maximum air velocity of 3 m/sec (50
fpm).
d. Fans: Air foil type fans with premium efficiency
motors.
9. Manufacturers: Trane, Carrier, York and McQuay.

C. Public Spaces: Comply with the following design criteria

for Lobbies, Restaurants, Lobby Bars, Ballrooms, Meeting
Rooms, Boardrooms and Pre-function Corridors:
1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sensors: Provide sensors to
control outside air quantities in areas where there are
large changes in occupancy, as noted above except
Boardrooms. Evaluate application with MI Engineering.
2. Fan Power Variable Air Volume (FPVAV): Provide
systems with hot water reheat and variable speed drives.
3. Distribution: Size ducts for quiet airflow without noise or
whistle. Provide linear supply slot diffusers. Coordinate
appearance with MI Interior Design.
4. Duct Work: Layout ducts to avoid passing through an
acoustical partition above operable partitions. <6>
5. Acoustics: Minimize return air through acoustical
partitions and, if penetrations are required, fabricate
sound traps with two 90 degree acoustically lined elbows.

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6. Plenums: Do not use supply air plenums. Return air

plenums are acceptable, except when the space has a
smoke exhaust system.
7. Pre-Cool: Provide ability to pre-cool rooms below 20° C
(68° F) on request.
8. Manufacturers: Trane, Carrier, York, and McQuay.
D. Indoor Pool:
1. AHU: Provide dehumidification type AHU that reject
heat back into the pool. Design and construct AHU for
pools with reheat for proper temperature and humidity
control.
2. Ventilation: Provide 100% outside air ventilation system
for backup of dehumidification AHU.
3. Condensation: Supply air to wash windows and
skylights to prevent condensation.
4. Return Air: Provide hard ducted.
5. Remote Monitoring: Provide manufacturer’s factory
monitoring of the AHU, including refrigerant pressures,
via the internet. Provide Category 5e connection from
building network.
6. Corrosion Protection: Keep AHU vital components,
including the blower motor, out of the corrosive process
air stream. Fully dip air coils exposed to the pool air
to ensure 100% corrosion protection. Pre-coated finish
stock is not acceptable.
7. Blowers: Direct drive with VFD for supply air
balancing. Belts are not acceptable.
8. Manufacturers: Seresco, Desert Aire and Dectron.
E. Guestroom & Guest Corridor Dedicated Outside Air
System (DOAS):
Provide unit to supply guest corridors and guestroom
makeup air.
1. Type: Typically double wall rooftop units with foam or
ceramic insulation or glycol-cooled split systems
specifically manufactured for economical cooling,
dehumidifying, heating and reheating 100% outside air
Equip with energy recovery and a VFD controlled by
static pressure sensors located in the vertical riser and
set at 1.3 cm ( 0.5 inch) wc.
a. Provide unit capable of producing 22ºC (72ºF) air
with less than 59 grains of moisture per pound of
dry air at all load conditions and comply with
ASHRAE Standard 90.1. Do not use electric coils
for reheat. Utilize recovered energy for reheat.

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b. Reheat : Provide full modulating reheat to

maintain constant discharge temperature during
cooling and dehumidification season.
2. Guestrooms: Supply Ventilation.
a. Type: Provide wall mounted Zone Register Terminal
(ZRT-1-4-120) manufactured by American ALDES
([Link]) in the entry vestibule
ceiling and connect to the guestroom control system.
b. Set each ZRT to shut off airflow when the
guestroom is unoccupied and automatically supply a
regulated volume of 35 cfm when occupied.
3. Corridors: Provide minimum 2 air changes per hour
with preferably vertical ducts and horizontal
distribution system on each floor. Do not use ceiling
hung fan coil units.
4. Smoke Exhaust Mode: During smoke exhaust mode,
makeup air system and toilet exhaust system operate
as normal. See smoke exhaust system requirements for
guest corridors in this Module.
5. Remote Monitoring: Provide manufacturer’s factory
monitoring of AHU, including refrigerant pressures, via
the Internet. Provide Category 5e (or better) to the AHU
from the base building Internet router.
6. Process Air: Locate AHU vital components out of the
process air stream. Fully dip air coils to ensure 100% of
the coil is protected.
7.. Blowers: Direct drive with VFD for supply air balancing.
Belts are not acceptable.
8. Winter Heating: Provide fully modulating hydronic heat,
SCR controlled electric heat or gas-fired hydronic heat
to maintain a constant discharge air temperature during
heating season.
9. Manufacturers: Trane, TOAU, DesertAire, Advantix
Systems, Seresco and SolutionAire.
F. Guestrooms (FCU): <7A>
1. Capacity: Provide the larger of either 46 m2 (500
[Link] )/ton or 520 m3/hr (300 cfm) fan coil.
2. Location: Position FCU supply air to avoid blowing
directly on the bed. Coordinate supply grille, return grille,
thermostat and access panel placement with MI Interior
Design.
3. FCU Type:
a. Components: Provide with the following:
• Four pipe, vertical stack type
• Chilled water cooling coil with two way valve
• Hot water heating coil with two way valve

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• Hayes Fluid Controls Measurflo automatic flow

control valves on chilled water return and hot water
return
• Integral epoxy coated insulated drain pan and filter
return cabinet, and foil faced insulation
b. Suites: Multiple, vertical stack, four pipe fan coil
units.
c. Guest Floor Lounge: Air handling units or multiple
horizontal fan coil units discharging toward exterior
wall with hard ducted return air.
d. Bathrooms: In large 4 and 5 fixture bathrooms
provide supply air to the bathroom from the fan coil
unit.
4. Horizontal FCU: Based on project specific
requirements, horizontal FCU’s located above the
entry vestibule ceiling may be used. If provided, return
air is hard ducted. Provide full size access panel in
entry vestibule to allow for complete maintenance
access to the FCU.
5. Thermostat: Inncom Guestroom Automation System
complete with integrated lighting control, bedside
control, central network control, e4 Smart Digital
Thermostat, Modele 528 with entry door switch and
wireless, RF switch at the sliding door. Coordinate
location of thermostat with MI Engineering; typically,
mount on guestroom side of bathroom wall.
6. Pipe Valves: Provide full port ball valves for shut off on
chilled water and hot water coil connections.
7. Condensate: Do not connect fan coil unit condensate
drains to plumbing fixtures. Hard pipe to condensate
recovery system.
8. Manufacturers: International, Trane, and Envirotech.

G. Ventilation: Provide mechanical exhaust in non habitable

spaces to maintain a minimum winter temperature of 13°
C (55° F) and maximum summer temperature of 32° C
(90° F) unless specified elsewhere in this Module.

H. Supplemental A/C:
1. Provide chilled water fan coil unit for primary cooling
with backup direct expansion (Dx) split system air
conditioning units connected to backup operational
power <15C> to provide 24 hour air conditioning for
PMS computer room, telephone equipment room and
elevator machine rooms; coordinate with Modules
<13A> <13B> <12>
2. Provide high efficiency Dx split systems (with a
minimum EER of 12.0) for Pastry / Chocolate Room,
Meat / Fish Room, Garde Manger, Beverage Storage
to maintain 15° C (59° F) and Refrigerated Trash
Room to maintain 13° C (55° F); coordinate with
Module <10>.

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I. Elevator Shafts:
1. Pressurize elevator shafts to maintain minimum 25 Pa
(0.10 inch wc) and maximum 67 Pa (0.25 inch wc).
Provide one mounted supply fan, sized at 1,700 m3/hr
(1,000 cfm), per door. Locate at least 6 meters (20 feet)
from exhaust outlets.
2. Provide heating to a maintain minimum supply
temperature of 7.2°C (45°F).
3. Connect fan to emergency power.
4. Dampers: See 15A.8G

J. Exhaust Systems:
1. Type & Location: Provide exhaust fans with premium
efficiency motors as follows:
• Pool Equipment Rooms
• Toilet Rooms
• Vending Rooms
• Maintenance Shops
• Locker Rooms
• Electric Rooms
• Commercial cooking area hoods
• Bars
• Laundries
• Employee Cafeteria
• Other areas producing odors, fumes and excessive
heat.
2. Guestroom Tower: Total exhaust is typically 500 to
800 cfm per floor. Provide exhaust at the following:
• Service Elevator
• Lobby
• Laundry Chute Room
• Housekeeping
• Vending
• Electric Rooms
• Electric Rooms with transformers require cooling to
maintain 27° C (80° F)
3. Refrigeration Compressor Room: Provide minimum
exhaust of 1,700 m³/hr (1,000 cfm) to maintain
maximum 32° C (90° F).
4. Parking Structure Exhaust: Provide exhaust of 27.5
m³/hr/ m² (1.5 cfm/[Link] ) minimum, controlled by
carbon monoxide sensors, locate maximum of one
per 700 m2 (7,500 sq. ft.).

K. Guest Bathroom Exhaust:

1. Type: Provide ceiling mounted Zone Register Terminal
( ZRT-1-4-120) manufactured by American ALDES in
the shower compartment connected to the light switch
and subducted into vertical sheet metal exhaust risers to
roof mounted exhaust fans.

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a. Set each ZRT to shut off airflow when the bathroom

is unoccupied and automatically regulate the airflow at
68 m³/hr (40 cfm) when occupied. Control by light
switch.
b. Where sub-ducts are not allowed, install motor
operated fire / smoke damper at shaft wall.
c. Coordinate access panel location and appearance with
MI Interior Design. Include a VFD located in the vertical
riser, controlled by static pressure sensors set at 1.3 cm
(0.5 inch) w.c.
2. Roof Mounted Exhaust Fans: Size fans at 50% of the
total exhaust quantity on the riser.
3. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery: Provide from guest corridor
and guestroom makeup air system.
L. Combustion Air: Provide in compliance with
manufacturer’s requirements and governing codes for gas
and oil fired appliances including boilers, pool heaters and
laundry dryers.
1. Cold Climates: Preheat combustion air at the intake
louvers to 4° C (40° F) to prevent freezing conditions in
the central plant. Provide unit heaters for general space
conditioning.
2. Fan Operation: If provided by a fan, interlock fan with
boiler controls to ensure proper supply of combustion air
prior to boiler firing.
M. Fans:
1. Type: Typically, centrifugal type, except parking structure
fans that may be propeller or other low noise fan with
premium efficiency motors.
2. Smoke Control: For fans that are part of smoke exhaust
or stair pressurization systems, provide auxiliary
contacts on the starter to receive signal from the fire
alarm panel. <14>
3. Commercial Cooking Area Hood Exhaust Fans: <10>
High velocity discharge at 13 m/sec (2,500 fpm) with
drain plug and removable stainless steel drain pan.
a. Mount on roof and direct exhaust away from outside
air intakes to prevent reentry of contaminated air into
building.
b. Position fans so entire cooking area exhaust system
is under negative pressure.
4. Dampers: Provide with motor operated dampers that
automatically close when the fan is off.
N. Air Curtains: Provide for the entire length of doors that
open to the Receiving Area.

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15A.8 Duct Work

A. Requirements:
1. Type: Low and medium velocity galvanized sheet
metal constructed in compliance with Sheet Metal
and Air conditioning Contractors National
Association (SMACNA) Standards.
2. Joints: Seal supply and return duct work joints and
seams with hard-cast.
3. Run Outs to Supply Diffusers: Medium pressure
rated, externally insulated, spiral wound, flexible
duct with a maximum length of 2.4 m (8 ft.) is
permitted. Flexible duct is not allowed on return and
exhaust systems.
4. Sizing: To minimize airborne noise and ensure space
noise criteria are met, size duct work for maximum
duct velocity as follows.
a. 10 m/sec (2,000 fpm): Main supply ducts
b. 7.5 m/sec (1,500 fpm): Branch ducts and return /
exhaust systems
c. 4 m/sec (800 fpm): Ducts serving room terminal
air devices
d. Duct Friction Loss: Not to exceed 2.5 mm (0.10
inch) w.c. per 30.5 m (100 ft.) of duct
5. Turning Vanes: Provide in rectangular elbows
greater than 45º.
6. Duct Option: Duct work downstream of terminal
devices may be Knauf Koolduct or Mansville
Superduct RC.
7. Vertical Risers: Construct from sheet metal and run
sheet metal risers in fire rated shaft enclosures;
shaft enclosures without sheet metal risers are not
permitted.
8. Fire Rated Ductwork : Where required use Flamebar
Bw11 fire rated ductwork.
B. Exterior Duct Work: Not recommended, but when
necessary provide as follows:
1. Roof: 450 mm (18 inch) minimum above roof to
permit servicing of roof area.
2. Access: Provide steps over duct work for access to
roof areas and roof mounted systems.
3. Insulation: Encapsulate with Armacell ArmaTuff, UV
resistant exterior insulation or Venture tape.
4. Protection: Provide corrosion resistant coating on
exterior equipment, including electrical.
5. Uni-Strut: Not permitted outside.

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C. Pools: Fabricate indoor pool and pool bromine / chlorine

storage room duct work from stainless steel.

D. Sewage Ejection & Grease Trap Rooms: Design

exhaust system for negative pressure with fans located
at remote end of the system and duct to building exterior.

E. Exhaust Outlets:
1. Location: Position exhaust outlets at least 6 m (20 ft.)
away from outside air intakes and operable windows.
2. Fireplaces: Locate fireplace outlets 15 m (50 ft.)
minimum from outside air intakes and operable
windows.

F. Duct Insulation: Acoustic lining is closed cell elastomeric

insulation that is non-porous, non-fibrous and resists
bacterial growth, with impervious face to permit cleaning.

G. Dampers:
1. Provide motor operated low leakage dampers (normally
closed) for openings in the elevator shafts and machine
rooms. Provide control by the fire alarm system to open
these dampers only under emergency conditions.
2. Provide fire dampers and fire / smoke dampers where
required, to meet fire ratings of floors, walls and ceiling
systems. Provide 200 x 200 mm (8 x 8 inch), framed,
hinged, lockable access doors at fire dampers.
Coordinate locations with MI Interior Design.
3. Provide motor operated low leakage dampers on supply
and exhaust systems to automatically close when the
systems or spaces being served are not in use.
4. Provide balancing dampers for each supply and return
riser, registers and diffusers. Where possible, locate
balancing dampers in ceiling space over back-of-house
areas where remote servicing can be accomplished out
of guest view.
5. Splitter Dampers: Avoid use of multiple splitter dampers
in individual duct systems.
6. Volume Dampers: Provide in branch ducts at
connection to main duct.

H. Flues: Provide factory built, double wall gas flue / vent for
each boiler and fireplace vented to building exterior.

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15A.9 Mechanical Smoke Control Systems <14>

A. Design Considerations:
1. General: Mechanical smoke control systems are
intended to control the migration of smoke into means
of egress (exit passageways) and to maintain
acceptable conditions for occupants in protected
areas by exhausting smoke from the smoke zone
only and pressurizing egress stairs.
2. Provide a complete engineered smoke control system
in the following locations as required by Module <14>
• Buildings greater than 6 stories and special
conditions.
• Buildings where the floor of an occupiable story is
greater than 23 m (75 ft.) above the lowest level of
fire department access.
• At atriums.
3. Locations: Design system to exhaust smoke from:
• Lobby
• Atrium
• Restaurants
• Pre-function areas
• Ballrooms
• Meeting Rooms greater than 32.5 m² (350 sq. ft.)
• Commercial cooking areas
• Guest Corridors
4. Zones: Each space is treated as an individual smoke
zone. Consult Module <14> for application criteria.
5. Capacity: In spaces requiring smoke exhaust, provide
a minimum of 8 air changes per hour. In larger
spaces such as atria and exhibit halls, increase the
air change rates. Consult with MI Engineering on
project specific basis.
6. Back-of-House Areas: Provide smoke exhaust only
where required by authorities having jurisdiction.
7. Dampers: Provide low leakage automatic reset motor
operated dampers for smoke exhaust systems.
Manual reset dampers are not allowed.
8. Approval: Obtain MI Engineering approval for entire
smoke control system design including sequences of
operation air quantities and air changes per hour.
9. Makeup Air: Demonstrate availability of surrounding
zones to provide necessary makeup air in enclosed
smoke zones, where manual opening of egress doors
to adjacent zones is required.

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B. Public Spaces: Provide hard ducted smoke exhaust from

each required smoke zone. Return air plenums and slow
diffusers are not permitted for smoke exhaust. Sequence of
Operation:
1. Signal: Smoke exhaust system is initiated via a signal
from the fire alarm panel when an area smoke detector
is activated.
2. Smoke Exhaust Fan: Fan starts and provides 100%
exhaust to exterior.
3. HVAC System: In zones where makeup air for the smoke
exhaust is readily available from adjacent zones, the
HVAC system serving the exhaust zone is turned off. This
maintains a negative pressure in the smoke exhaust zone
to limit the migration of smoke to adjacent areas.
4. HVAC System - Confined Areas: In zones where exhaust
makeup air is not readily available (ballroom, meeting
room, etc.), the HVAC system serving the smoke exhaust
zone closes the return air damper and supplies 100%
outside air to provide positive air flow to the smoke
exhaust fans.
5. Exhaust Fans in Other Zones: Supply, return and
exhaust fans for HVAC systems in all other zones remain
in normal operating mode.
6. VAV Systems: In properties with VAV systems, the air
handling unit supply fan and VAV boxes switch to 100%
open mode.

C. Guest Corridors: Centrally locate, typically at elevator

lobby, vertically ducted, dedicated smoke exhaust risers
with normally closed dampers on each floor.
1. Capacity: Size each roof mounted smoke exhaust fan to
serve corridors of three floors simultaneously.
2. Distance: Do not exceed a horizontal distance of 30 m
(100 ft.) between supply and exhaust risers. This
arrangement ensures smoke moves in an opposite
direction from guests traveling to a means of egress.
3. Sequence of Operation:
a. Smoke exhaust system is initiated via a signal through
the fire alarm panel from either a corridor smoke
detector or sprinkler flow switch.
b. Upon activation, normally closed exhaust damper on
floor of incidence opens and all other floors remain
closed.
c. Smoke exhaust fan is energized and exhaust dampers
fully open.
d. Guest corridor and guestroom makeup air handling
unit continues to operate in normal mode.
e. If applicable, secondary guest corridor pressurization
fans start (sized for a minimum capacity of 6 air
changes per hour supply air to each floor) and main
guest corridor and guestroom air handling unit stop.

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f. Guest Tower Area: Exhaust fans, including those

serving vending rooms and electrical rooms, continue
to operate in normal mode.
g. Zones: If smoke doors divide corridor into two or
more sections, provide independent exhaust duct
work in each section.
D. Stair Pressurization: <14>
1. Requirement: Provide in exit stairs where smoke
control is required. Consult Module <14> for
application criteria.
a. Location : Provide for each means of egress stair as
follows:
• Less than 10 stories, one fan at the top.
• Greater than 10 stories but less than 20 stories,
one fan at the top and one at the bottom.
• Greater than 20 stories, a minimum of one supply
fan located at bottom of stair, ducted to top of stair,
with supply register located every third floor for
entire stairwell height.
b. Fan: Provide fan with variable frequency drive and
differential pressure sensors located within stairwell
set to maintain between 3.8 and 6.4 mm w.c. (0.15
and 0.25 inch w.c.) across each closed corridor door.
Maximum allowable pull across an open door into
the egress stair is 13.50 kg (30 pounds).
c. Capacity: Size fans to provide 1,700 m³/hr. (1,000
cfm) per door.
2. Sequence of Operation:
a. Initiation: System is initiated via a signal from the fire
alarm panel due to activation of either a public space
(excluding guestrooms) smoke detector or sprinkler
flow switch.
b. Activation : Upon activation, stairwell pressurization
fans, normally in non-operating status, automatically
start.
E. Smoke Control Panel: Provide a smoke control panel
with Hand- Off-Automatic (HOA) and pilot lights (one
switch and lights for each AHU, fan and damper) for
manual control of equipment that is part of the smoke
control system.
1. Location: Position the smoke control panel at the
location of the main fire alarm panel.
2. Power : Provide internal power source for manual
operation of all equipment. Provide voltage same as
fire alarm system.

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3. ‘Hand’ position : Manually activates all equipment into

smoke control mode.
4. ‘Off’ position : Shuts down the equipment and returns
all dampers to their normal mode.
5. ‘Automatic’ position allows system to operate in normal
building mode, or in smoke exhaust mode upon receipt
of any signal from the fire alarm panel.
F. Supply Duct Smoke Detectors:
1. Location: Provide downstream of air handling units over
3,400 m³/hr. (2,000 cfm).
2. Operation: Detector shuts down AHU upon sensing
smoke and annunciates at fire alarm panel, but does
not activate smoke exhaust system.

15A.10 Fuel Oil System

A. Type: Provide complete automatic fuel oil system for

standby power generator. <15C>
B. Location: Install double wall fiberglass fuel oil tanks
above ground with spill containment enclosure and fuel oil
fill at street level. In ground tanks are not acceptable; skid
tanks are preferred.
C. Controls: Provide each tank with the following:
• Remote electronic level gauges
• Leak detection and monitoring equipment
• Interstitial monitoring
• Overfill protection
D. Pumps: Provide duplex fuel oil pump sets to transfer fuel
to day tanks, if a skid tank is not provided.
E. Fuel Storage: Size fuel oil tanks based on 24 hours fuel
oil storage capacity for standby power generator.
1. For properties in high risk areas (hurricane regions)
provide a minimum of 72 hours storage capacity.
2. On island and remote properties, size fuel oil tanks
based on 7 days storage capacity for standby power
generator at full load.
3. Obtain approval from MI Engineering.

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15A.11 Commercial Food & Beverage (F&B) Production

A. Air Conditioning: Provide air conditioning with a

separate HVAC unit that remains negative with respect to
surrounding areas.
1. Supply Air: Locate devices so cool air is directed away
from “hot food” serving areas.
2. Return Air: Provide hard ducted return system. Plenum
ceilings are not permitted in food production areas.
3. Exhibition Cooking Areas: Provide air conditioned air
curtain to control air, heat and odors between food
production and restaurant areas.

B. Type 1 - Grease Hood: See Modules <10> and <14> for

hood equipment at food production cooking that produces
grease laden vapors; provide the following:
1. Standard: Comply with NFPA 96 - Ventilation Control
and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations.
2. Hood Control System: Provide Melink Intelli-Hood® or
Halton Marvel® system for food cooking hoods to
automatically reduce the speed of the exhaust fan and
control outside / return air dampers during idle and
noncooking periods to save fan energy and
conditioned air. The system does the following:
a. Includes the I/O processor, keypad, temperature
sensors, optic sensors, variable frequency drives
(VFDs) and cables.
b. Automatically turns the hoods on / off based on
temperature or a time of day schedule.
c. Varies the hood fan speeds based on both the heat
and smoke load to ensure optimal hood
performance and energy savings.
d. Automatically adjusts the temperature span to
ensure optimal energy efficiency.
e. Automatically recalibrates the optics at start-up to
ensure optimal energy efficiency.
f. Provides additional inputs and outputs to allow
compatibility with other equipment and devices such
as HVAC systems and cooking appliances.
g. Provides remote access capability via modem for
monitoring and diagnostics.
3. Hood Exhaust Duct: Provide dedicated exhaust duct
and fan for exhaust hoods in the food cooking area and
other individual exhaust duct and fan for hoods not in
the food cooking area.

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a. Dedicated System: Do not combine exhaust ducts with

other exhaust systems (warewashing, laundry, fireplace,
building, etc.).
b. Solid Fuel Burning: At cooking appliances utilizing solid
fuel (wood, charcoal, etc.), provide a duct with spark
arrester separate from other cooking ductwork.
c. Type: Black steel, 1.463 mm (0.0575 inch) minimum
thickness or stainless steel, 1.14 mm (0.0450 inch)
minimum thickness duct work.
• Slope duct back to the hood, with welded drip proof
seams.
• Galvanized steel duct is not acceptable. Flamebar
BW11 & Unifax fyrewrap are acceptable alternates.
d. Cleanouts / Access Doors: Maximum spacing of 6 m
(20 ft.) in horizontal and every third floor of vertical riser.
Locate at base of vertical riser, at every change in
direction and at sprinklers.
e. Fire Rated Enclosure: Provide a minimum of a 2 hour
fire rated duct enclosure from the point where the duct
exits the cooking area (wall or ceiling) and to the point
where the duct exits the building.
f. Insulation: Provide 50 mm (2 inch) minimum, tested and
approved for the application, high temperature
fiberglass insulation with all-service jacket on entire
length of grease exhaust duct.
g. Sizing: Based on velocity of 7 m / sec (1,500 fpm) to 10
m / sec (2,000 fpm) to prevent grease from
accumulating in ducts and to ensure grease not trapped
in hood filters is exhausted away from building.
h. Dampers: Not permitted in grease exhaust systems.
4. Dishwasher Exhaust Duct: Provide separate, dedicated,
welded stainless steel exhaust duct, sloped back to
equipment for drainage of condensation. Run duct directly
to building exterior
5. Hood Exhaust Fans: High velocity discharge at 13 m sec
(2,500 fpm) with drain plug and removable stainless steel
drain pan.
a. Mount on roof and direct exhaust away from outside air
intakes to prevent reentry of contaminated air into
building.
b. Position fans so entire cooking exhaust system is under
negative pressure.
c. Exhaust Outlets: Position cooking area exhaust outlets
at least 7.6 m (25 ft.) away from outside air intakes such
that prevailing winds carry vapors away from the building

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and intakes.
6. Smoke Control: <10> For cooking hood and duct,
the sequence of operation is as follows:
a. Initiated via a signal from the exhaust hood fire
suppression system to the fire alarm panel.
<14>
b. Hood exhaust fan continues to operate in
normal mode.
c. Supply, return and exhaust fans in other areas
remain in normal operating mode.

15A.12 Laundry
A. HVAC: Design and provide the HVAC (and air
conditioning) systems for the Laundry and Garment
Shop to maintain a temperature of 78º F (25º C) or less.
B. Facility Features: Provide the following:
1. Diffusers: Locate adjustable type ceiling mounted
diffusers for cooling within 2.7 m (9 ft.) of work
stations.
2. Equipment Exhaust Air Ducts: Provide flatwork ironer
vacuum exhaust. Equip ducts that exceed 7.6 m (25
ft.) in overall length with in-line booster fans that have
capacities equal to equipment exhaust capacity
3. Dryers: If dryer enclosure is located adjacent to an
exterior wall, provide louvers for combustion air and
size to prevent significant negative pressure in the
enclosure when dryers operate.
4. Tumblers:
a. In the enclosure, provide a forced draft source
of outside air equal to the total tumbler exhaust
volume.
b. Provide a bypass in the tumbler exhaust duct for
supply air not used by tumblers.
5. Flatwork Ironer Vacuum Exhaust Duct:
a. Provide dedicated, welded stainless steel
exhaust duct and slope back to equipment for
condensation drainage. Run duct directly to
building exterior.
b. Do not combine vacuum exhaust duct with other
ductwork systems.
C. Mechanical Equipment Rooms:
1. Provide individual FCU with thermostat over each
work station.
2. Provide medium pressure steam service to the Valet
equipment (30 to 50 bhp at 85 psi) from a boiler or
steam generator located in the Laundry Mechanical

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Room.
D. Air Compressor Room: Provide ventilation and exhaust.
Maintain a temperature of 78º F (25º C) or less

15A.13 Building Automation System (BAS)

A. Requirements: Provide a system with the followings :

1. The BAS System requires automatic scheduling,
operation and optimization of major HVAC systems to
provide the most cost effective property operation while
maintaining guest comfort and property sustainability. In
addition, the BAS provides Operations staff status and
alarms of critical conditions to maximize property
efficiency.
2. The control system consists of a peer to peer network
of digital control panels and operator workstations. The
operator workstation is a personal computer (PC)
located in the Engineer’s office with a color monitor,
mouse and keyboard. The PC provides users an
interface with the system though dynamic color graphics
of building areas and systems.
3. The BAS is integral with the DDC temperature control
system and is provided, engineered, installed and
warranted by the same Manufacturer.
4. Direct Digital Control (DDC) technology provides the
functions necessary for control of systems defined for
control on this project.
5. The control system is designed so that each
mechanical system operates under stand alone control.
6. Each digital control panel includes an operator interface
display to allow display of parameters and set points in
local equipment rooms.
7. Communication between the control panels and all
workstations is over a high speed network. All nodes on
this network shall be peers. Provide a modem or
network communications card for remote access to the
system.

B. Scope: BAS shall monitor and control all systems except

guest room systems. At a minimum, control and monitor
the following systems :
1. Central cooling plant including, chillers, pumps and
cooling towers; monitor only.
2. Central heating plant
3. Air Handling Systems including Guestroom and Guest
Corridor makeup air unit, Back-of-House AHUs, and
Public Space AHUs
4. Commercial cooking hood exhaust fans and makeup air
units.
5. Critical non-HVAC systems including cistern water

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level, domestic hot water systems, exterior lighting,

electric meters, gas meters, walk-in coolers and freezers,
water feature pumps, water treatment plant and sewage
treatment plant.

C. Applications: Consult MI Engineering for Sequence of

Operations and Points Lists that are supplements to this
Module.
D. Manufacturers: Trane, Siemens, Schneider Electric
Johnson, Honeywell and Automated Logic

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15A.14 Building Commissioning

A. Overview: Perform commissioning on building

systems and include required equipment pre-start and
startup checklists and verification checklists.
• High Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a critical occupant
comfort component and is achieved through proper
building system design, installation and commissioning.
• Maintaining thermal comfort for employees and guests,
produces a high level of occupant satisfaction. To
achieve this, it is essential to implement a
commissioning process that tests, verifies, adjusts,
calibrates and documents functional and
environmental performance of the systems and
equipment outlined in this Module prior to occupancy.
• Provide operating and maintenance (O&M) manuals,
highlighted cut sheets, Record “As-Built” Documents
and warranties on equipment and systems

B. Purpose: The primary purpose of commissioning is to

produce a building with service systems that function, in
all respects, according to the design intent. Properly
commissioned systems function at maximum efficiency,
and minimize energy consumption and operating costs

C. Commissioning Agency: MI recommends that the owner

obtain an independent project commissioning agency (not
associated with and without contractual relationship
with the electrical, HVAC, plumbing, prime or general
contractors) to independently implement and monitor the
commissioning process.

D. Sign Off : MI Engineering does not provide final sign

off on the completed building until the commissioning
process is complete and required documents

E. Coordination: See “Building Commissioning” in Modules

<15B> and <15C> and coordinate requirements with this
Module.

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