MODULE

15
MECHANICAL, PLUMBING &
ELECTRICAL
15A – Mechanical (HVAC) Systems
15B – Plumbing Systems
15C – Electrical Systems

HOTEL
DESIGN STANDARDS
January 2012
 Courtyard – International Asia Electrical Systems – 15C

MODULE

15C
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

HOTEL
DESIGN STANDARDS
January 2012

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15C – Electrical Systems Courtyard – International Asia

Table of Contents

15C.1 General ....................................................................... 1

15C.2 Power - Incoming Service ......................................... 2
15C.3 Distribution ................................................................ 2
15C.4 Devices ....................................................................... 4
15C.5 Emergency Electrical Systems................................. 7
15C.6 Fire Alarm System ................................................... 10
15C.7 Fire Command Room (Central Control Station).... 10
15C.8 Lightning Protection ............................................... 11
15C.9 Lighting .................................................................... 11
15C.10 Aircraft Warning Lights......................................... 20
15C.11 Table 3 - Lighting Criteria ..................................... 20
15C.12 Commissioning....................................................... 24

Revised : January 2012

Supersedes: January 2011 and all previous versions

Module Organization
• This Module is a part of an integrated series of 17 Modules.
• Coordination with information from other Modules is required.
• The reference symbol <XX> is used to indicate a Module
reference that includes additional information.

Marriott Confidential and Proprietary Information

The contents of the Design Standards are confidential and
proprietary to Marriott International, Inc. and may not be
reproduced, disclosed, distributed or used without the express
permission of an authorized representative of Marriott.
Copyright, Marriott International, Inc., unpublished material. All rights
Reserved.

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15C.1 General

A. Project Contact : Marriott International - “MI” - is the

corporate entity that manages this Brand and all MI
hospitality Brands. Contact the MI Design Manager for
the project specific manager referenced by the term “MI”
throughout this Module

B. Codes & Standards:

1. Design Criteria: This Module sets minimum MI
requirements and is not intended to provide complete
design solutions to project specific situations.
2. Deviations: Submit proposed deviations from these
Standards in writing and obtain MI Engineering approval.
Deviations that alter operating costs shall include a
complete computer simulated life cycle cost analysis so
that any negative impact can be reflected in the
operating Pro-Forma.
3. Compliance ： Comply with governing codes and the
current editions of NFPA 70 (NEC), NFPA 72, NFPA
101.
4. Standards Coordination: Comply with the more stringent
of governing laws, codes, regulations and the following
MI Design Standards. Refer conflicts to MI Engineering
for resolution.
5. Documentation: Systems and equipment required by
this Module and installed by the contractor shall be
included and clearly identified on the design drawings
submitted for MI A&C Engineering review and comment.

C. Design Considerations:
1. General: Provide an energy efficient electrical system
requiring minimum maintenance and maximum level of
safety within budgeted costs.
2. Environment: Consider for system design and
equipment selection, a property operating environment
requiring quick and easy maintenance with little or no
down time and a high degree of reliability.
3. Equipment: Locate to provide minimum impact to
architecture and interior finishes of the building.
4. Interior: Locate equipment in a exterior weather
protected space unless an exterior location is absolutely
necessary. Do not provide equipment designed for
interior use at exterior locations.
5. Exterior: Design and construct exterior equipment for
project specific conditions.

D. Fire Protection / Life Safety: See Module <14>.

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15C.2 Power – Incoming Service

A. Type: Provide electrical service underground from a utility

company transformers and terminating in secure, main
service switchboard located in main electrical room with
access limited by authorized personnel only.
B. Sizing: Compute service capacity in compliance with
governing standards.
C. Transformers: NEMA TP-1 high efficiency dry type. If oil
filled transformers are used, locate them in protected area
outside of building or in power company vaults.

15C.3 Distribution

A. General:
1. Throughout Building: Typically, with either bus duct or
cables to sub-distribution panels for lighting, power
outlets, appliance circuits and mechanical equipment.
2. Tower Distribution Riser: Typically, vertical to
subdistribution panels located every floor.

B. Switchboards & Panels:

1. Main Switchboard: Provide breakers with single main
disconnect switch, GFPE (ground fault protection
equipment) and transient voltage surge suppression
(TVSS) protection. TVSS is also known as surge
protection technology (SPT).
2. Spares: Provide 15% spare capacity on switchboards.
3. Surge / Lightning Arrestors: On each service, provide
surge suppressors and lightning arrestors.
4. Sub-distribution Panel Boards: Circuit breaker type.
With thermal magnetic breakers or electronic trip
breakers (magnetic only breakers are not allowed).
Provide separate panels for light and power.
5. Panel Boards: Locate where possible to be within 30 m
(100 ft.) of its loads, but not in pool equipment rooms.
Do not locate panel boards, disconnect switches,
cabinets, etc. in public spaces.
6. Region Requirement: If required, locate guestroom load
centers as directed by MI coordinated with the interior
design.

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C. Laundry Electric Service: Provide 3 – phase high

voltage for equipment with motors wired for 480, 240 or
208 Volts. If available, 480 V service is more efficient.

D. Shunt-Trip: <14> <15A> Provide automatic shunt-trip

initiated by the type 1 grease hood fire suppression
system to turn off the following :
1. Trip breaker to shut off power to cooking appliances
and lighting under each type 1 grease hood in fire
condition.
2. Activate solenoid to shut off gas to affected cooking
lines.

E. Feeders:
1. Conductors: Copper cable in cable trays or conduit.
Aluminum 1/0 gauge or larger for non-rotating
equipment. Place in conduit when installed in concrete
slabs and masonry walls.
2. Feeder Size: Comply with governing standards and
NEC.

F. Branch Circuits:
1. Conductors: Copper
2. Loads: Calculate with maximum loading of conductors
at 75% of connected or calculated load, whichever is
greater.
3. Circuits: Provide circuits that serve only single
guestrooms and suites; do not share circuits with other
guestrooms and suites. Serve typical guestrooms with
two 20A circuits and one 20 A circuit for guest bathroom.
a. Generally, provide horizontal circuiting from
panel boards.
b. Provide individual circuits for service appliances
and mechanical equipment where required by the
load.
c. In suites and special rooms, circuit as required.

G. Wiring - General:
1. Within Building: Copper wiring. Feeders serving
non-rotating equipment greater than 1/0 gauge may be
aluminum.
2. Wiring Distribution: Four wire color coded grounded
system. Provide non-continuous grounded systems,
such as cable trays or conduits with separate ground at
less than 25 ohms to ground.

H. Rated Cable: Provide specified rated cable for Property

Based System (PBS) <13A>, Point of Sale System (P.O.S.)
<13A> and Audio/Video (A/V) System <13C>. Cable type
requirements (shielding, rating, and conduit enclosure) are
defined in Module <13> and subsequent Modules.

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15C.4 Devices

A. Power Outlets : Commercial grade rated in all areas.

Provide weatherproof device covers in exterior locations.
1. Public Spaces: 20 amp rated located at lamp locations
and for cleaning at 8 m (25 ft.) radius.
2. Guestrooms: Provide the following:
a. One GFI outlet at each vanity bowl.
b. One fully accessible outlet in entry for housekeeping
services.
c. One outlet for each appliance (coffee maker,
refrigerator, etc.); certain appliances may require
separate circuits.
d. One outlet for each portable guestroom lamp.
e. At desk and bedside, provide sufficient outlet
quantities for guest use.
f. Provide power outlets for other electrical accessories.
3. Guestroom Corridors: <7B> Maximum of three outlets
per circuit, located every 15 m (50 ft.) along corridor
walls.
4. Administration Areas: <8A> Maximum of five
outlets per circuit, located at desks and work areas for
electronic equipment, convenience and lamps.
5. Banquet Service Corridor: <6> <10> Provide single
outlet on dedicated circuit on both sides of the corridor,
every 1.5 m (5 ft.), 1.5 m (5 ft.) above finished floor,
within 15 m (50 ft.) of the service entrances.
6. Food Service Areas: <10> In non-service line areas,
provide single outlet on dedicated circuit every 3 m (10
ft.).
[Link]: Provide the following:
a. Convenience Outlets: With polarized ground fault
interrupters (GFI), spaced liberally throughout spaces
and where appropriate. Provide power outlets on wall
at the two sewing stations and on wall at end of the
Issue Counter for a marking machine
b. Flexible Connections: High voltage electrical
connections to flatwork spreader / feeder, the flatwork
folder and small piece (towel) folder utilizing generous
length of flexible cord fitted with twist lock plug so
equipment on castors are movable for floor cleaning
purposes without disconnecting machines. Outlets are
mounted on the flatwork ironer and at small piece
folder, provide a junction box on ceiling above the
folder.
8. Mechanical Areas: Located within 8 m (25 ft.) of
mechanical equipment in mechanical rooms and on
roofs.

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9. Exterior of Building: GFI protected outlets, locate around

building for landscape trimming, generally in the vicinity of
exit doors at Porte Cochere and major landscape areas.
10. Exterior Events: <6> Provide NEMA 3R, 60 amp, 3 phase
and other necessary 20 amp convenience outlets.
11. Ballroom / Meeting Rooms: <6> Maximum of two outlets per
20 amp circuit, located for convenience every 8 m (25 ft.)
along wall with one on each side of a door.
a. Provide 200 amp, 3 phase, disconnect with pin and
sleeve cable receptacle (company switch) for each large
ballroom section and one 60 amp , 3 phase outlet for
Ballroom salons.
b. Provide method of routing electrical distribution wiring,
from service corridor into ballroom sections, through
concealed audio / video <13C> and electrical connection
panels and in flush mount floor boxes.
B. GFI Outlets:
1. Provide GFI outlets as required by code and at the following
locations including, but not limited to, guest bathrooms, pool
areas, employee shower areas, outlets for portable appliances
in kitchen areas and exterior locations.
2. Provide GFI outlets at locations near water.

C. Switches: Commercial grade rated in all areas.

D. Device Plates: Ivory or light finish for devices including

guestrooms except provide stainless steel plates (with ground)
for kitchen outlets.

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15C.5 Emergency Electrical Systems

A. Standards: NEC 70 / NFPA 70 and NFPA 110. <14>

B. General Requirements: Design and provide emergency

electrical systems for standby power to emergency power
and lighting.
1. Comply with applicable standards for design of
electrical circuits and equipment to automatically supply,
distribute and control electricity for lighting and power
when normal incoming power is interrupted.
2. Provide emergency “backup” operational power to
maintain property operation in the event of loss of
normal incoming power service.
3. Coordinate electrical service design with Module <14>
requirements and provide electrical power equipment to
meet the project design requirements for emergency
electrical systems.

C. Region Requirements: Prior to beginning design, obtain

and review with MI a 2 year grid history showing number
and power outages. In geographical areas with electrical
service reliability issues, provide generators with the
capacity to supply standby power for 100% of facility
power requirements.

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D. Standby Power Source / Generators: Provide one or

more units as follows:

1. Type: NFPA Type 10 diesel engine driven generator,

rated to restore power in 10 seconds to provide for
code required critical loads, standby, and backup
operational loads as determined by MI. Provide with
synchronization of automatic reset for main
disconnects and automatic transfer switches to activate
generator upon loss of normal incoming power service.
a. Power delays greater than 10 seconds are not
permitted.
b. Verify that location of generator exhaust fumes and
noise will not disrupt occupied areas, public areas
and guestrooms. Do not locate near building intakes.

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2. Mounting: Comply with manufacturer’s mounting

requirements to eliminate vibration.
3. Access: Locate and secure to limit access to authorized
personnel only.
4. Cooling: Do not use condenser or domestic water systems.
5. Fuel Oil Storage: See Module <15A> for generator fuel oil
system requirements.

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E. Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS): <13> <16>

Sealed units, usually supplied with or included for critical
operations systems dedicated to computer
communications, security, etc. Provide electrical circuits
and outlets for local connection of UPS units.
F. Emergency Lighting: <14> Design and provide with a
control system having the capability to turn on selected
lighting to predetermined levels (without central or
distributed intelligence) for emergency egress within public
spaces, guestroom corridors, occupied areas back of-
house, etc., and in exit access corridors, stairs and at exit
discharge.
G. Emergency Electrical System Distribution: Provide
standby power for the following:
1. Standby Power Load: <14> Electrical systems required
by governing code and Module <14> fire protection
and life safety systems.
2. Backup Operational Power: Electrical systems for
security <17> and property operations.
3. Standby Power Source: Provide applicable power
source equipment and devices such as generator and
battery pack for standby and backup operational power
where indicated in Table 1.

15C.6 Fire Alarm System

A. Coordination: Review requirements of Module <14> -

Fire Protection and Life Safety for application criteria.
B. Type: Fully point addressable intelligent system (all alarm
initiating and supervisory devices individually
addressable) to allow for the individual zoning required
for activation of the smoke control system and to allow for
reprogramming as required, with printer in the Central
Control Station <14> (Fire Command Room).

15C.7 Fire Command Room (Central Control Station)

A. High-Rise Buildings: <14> Provide at a location
approved by the fire department containing the following:
1. Fire Alarm System: Fire alarm system control and
annunciation panels
2. Communications Service Panels and Controls: Fire
department 2 way telephone communications service
panels and controls
3. Voice Fire Alarm System: Panels and controls
4. Smoke Control: Smoke exhaust and stairwell
pressurization control panels and annunciators
5. Elevator Annunciators: Elevator floor location and
operation annunciators
6. Standby Generator: Indicators for standby generator
status
7. Stairway Door System: Controls for automatic stairway

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door unlocking system

8. Fire Pump Indicators: Fire pump status indicators
9. Fire Department Phone: Telephone for fire department
use with controlled access to public telephone system

15C.8 Lightning Protection

A. Standard: Provide for total building protection and install

in compliance with UL (Master Label), Zurich and
governing codes.

15C.9 Lighting

A. Design Considerations:
1. Service and Access:
a. Locate lighting fixtures to enable reasonable access
for service and re-lamping.
b. Locate ground mounted exterior fixtures to enable
reasonable access for service and re-lamping.
c. Locate master dimmer control in air conditioned,
protected, non-public areas.
2. Circuiting: Provide separate zones for wall washers,
down lights, emergency exit, and decorative fixtures.
3. Lighting Levels: Design lighting systems to provide
foot-candle (lux) levels in compliance with Table 5-
Lighting Requirements at the end of this Module.

B. Types:
1. Public Spaces: Lighting in restaurant areas, guest
corridors, stairwells and public toilets is generally,
compact fluorescent downlights, wall sconces and
halogen decorative light fixtures.
2. Function Areas: See lighting fixture types below in this
Module for criteria.
3. Guestroom Lighting: 2700 degree Kelvin compact
fluorescent spiral type lamps with color rendering index
(CRI) of 85 and instant on no flicker ballasts and lamps.
Downlights are CFL or LED.
4. Suite Lighting: Obtain MI review and approval.
5. Guestroom Bathroom Lighting: Damp location rated
downlights over tub and shower, CFL or LED
downlights over vanity sink, and paired wall sconces
flanking the vanity. If room size dictates, provide a
decorative downlight fixture at center of room. Provide
two level lighting control in the bathroom.
6. Back-of-House Lighting: Generally fluorescent lighting
is designed by the electrical engineer.

C. Function Areas - Lighting Fixture Types: The selection

of the appropriate combination of fixtures and controls for
event venues can assure that the events are supported
with the desired visual setting.

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The following is a summary of the design issues and

generic types of lights that are used in event spaces.

1. Design: Ideally, lighting designs and fixture selections are

managed by an experienced lighting consultant or
electrical engineer with extensive experience with
hospitality functions. However, event management
guidance on how the areas will function is an important
element of the design and cannot be ignored.

2. Multipurpose Design: When event areas are intended to

serve multiple purposes (Ballrooms used as exhibit space /
Exhibit Hall used for banquets, etc.) a combination of
lighting systems and controls may be appropriate.

3. Lamp Selection: Many light fixtures offer the choice

of incandescent or fluorescent lamps. Incandescent lamps
are preferred for the quality of the light in decorative
fixtures. Fluorescent lamps are selected for light quantity
and energy efficiency. Generally, a good lighting design is
a compromise of types based on their intended use.

4. Track Lighting: Large Ballroom subdivides (over 1500 sq.

ft.) can benefit from having two sets of track lighting to
increase flexibility in customizing lighting settings to
highlight specific parts of the room and head tables.
Consider installing two circuit tracks to allow even greater
flexibility in activating individual lights within a track. Keep
enough heads in place to avoid damage during excessive
removal / installations.

5. Separate Down Light Zones: A lighting zone is a group

of lights powered on one circuit. The number of zones is
dependent upon the number of different fixture types and
locations within a room.
a. Down light zone controls can be used to prevent
excessive light spill onto projection screen or to accent
buffets.
b. While increasing flexibility, this option still requires
planning and identification of the most common
placement of screens and buffets.
c. This option may require adding a new control zone to
the room, and in pre-set systems, may require adding a
zone to the control station.

6. Scenes. Typical meeting area control systems have four

scene presets, in addition to a work light (full on and off). A

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scene is a combination of lighting groups that create the

lighting effect desired for functions such as banquets,
meetings, slide shows, etc. More scenes may be
necessary in larger Ballrooms or spaces that have intense
video or theatrical use

D. Boardrooms:
1. Compact fluorescent down lights, dimmed (and zoned).
2. Incandescent (or compact fluorescent) wall sconces,
dimmed.
3. Four scene plus on / off preset / control station with black-
out capability.

E. Prefunction:
1. Provide chandeliers, dimmed.
2. Wall sconces, dimmed.
3. Compact fluorescent down lights, dimmed.
4. Cove lighting (fluorescent double staggered tube) or
dimmed.

G. Ballrooms:
1. Provide chandeliers, dimmed.
2. Wall sconces, dimmed.
3. Compact fluorescent down lights, dimmed.

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4. Cove lighting (fluorescent double staggered tube)

dimmed.
5. Track lights for head table locations, dimmed.
a. Track lighting flexibility: Large Ballroom subdivides,
over 140 m2 (1500 sq ft), have 2 sets of track
lighting to increase flexibility in customizing lighting
settings to highlight specific parts of the room.
Consider installing two-circuit tracks to allow even
greater flexibility in activating individual lights
within a track.
b. Ballroom: Four scene (minimum) plus full on and off,
preset / control station, remote controlled with
black-out capability.

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G. Lighting Controls & Switching:

1. Back-of-House: Office locally switched. Corridors dual
level switching. Provide occupancy sensors in all back-
of-house offices and storage rooms. Dual lamp
fluorescent fixtures with built in occupancy sensors to
cycle off one lamp. Do not install occupancy sensors in
mechanical rooms.
2. Public Toilets and Fitness Center: Keyed switch, local.
3. Public Area: Dimmer controlled.
4. Exterior, Site and Parking Lot: Photocell / time clock.
Connect to Building Automation System (BAS).
5. Electric Rooms: Locate dimmer modules in electric
rooms with cooling.

H. Lighting Control Quality: Provide lighting control

systems that are safe, perform flawlessly, are reliable and
look good.
1. Safety: System conforms to codes and industry
standards (AIC & SCCR) and provides fail-safe
operation.
2. Performance: System operates quietly and consistently
regardless of power input and lighting type variables.
3. Reliability: System operates without property
maintenance on a continuous 24 hour / 7 day a week
schedule supported by factory service and backup.
4. Aesthetics: Visible components are uniform in design,
color and finish with intuitive, backlit, engraved controls
and graphics.
5. Design Standards: Successful events require a high
quality lighting control system that is defined in this

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Design Standard.
I. Energy Efficiency: Lighting system energy consumption
cannot be ignored. Unnecessary energy consumption can
erode revenue, may be limited by governmental authorities
and, increasingly, is a social and marketing concern.
However, simplistic efforts to conserve energy, such as
reducing lamp wattage (quantity of light) or switching lamp
types (quality of light) may seriously degrade the quality of
the event environment. Successful means to conserve
energy without affecting the quality of the event
environment (or possibly improving it) are as follows:
1. Photo sensors that reduce or eliminate artificial lighting
when daylight is available. Ideally, one time clock in the
Building Automation System (BAS) controls all zones
rather than multiple systems that are difficult to maintain.

2. Occupancy sensors / Time clock integration that switch

lights off when not in use.
3. Education that instructs employees how, where and
when to switch lights off when not in use.
4. Control that provides the appropriate level of zones,
scenes and dimming so that only the lighting and energy
that is required is used.
5. Lamp types that are selected for high lumen output
(quantity) with minimum energy that maintain the correct
color of light (quality).
6. Lighting Control: With proper lighting control,
incandescent lamp sources can still be considered in
energy conscious designs.
a. Dimming incandescent saves energy.
b. Dimming incandescent extends lamp life, reducing
the operational expenses related to relamping
(material and labor).
c. Incandescent lamps are low in cost.
d. Incandescent lamp sources maintain their efficiency
in color and lumen output over the life of the lamp.
e. Incandescent lamps provide optimum color rendering
and ambiance for elegant environments.

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J. Energy Regulations & Incentive

The following references and authorities may either dictate,
encourage or provide reference standards to promote
energy conservation:

1. Regulations:
• State Codes. Many states have energy codes requiring
efficient lighting and controls. Codes are typically based
on IECC model or ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1 standard.

2. Energy Law:
a. ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1-2001 Energy Efficiency
Standard regulates the amount of power allocated
to lighting.
b. NECA / IESNA500 Series National Electrical
Installation Standards (NEIS)

3. Incentives:
a. AH & LA Good Earth Keeping Program: Supports
property operations in assessing current energy
performance, setting goals and tracking savings.
b. EPA’s Energy Star Program: Marriott, an Energy
Star partner since 2001, has embarked on an
ambitious, company wide mission to improve the
environment and control costs in partnership with its
property owners and franchisees.
• As part of the program, all properties receive the
company’s Energy Conservation Program
Resource Guide.
• Property engineers and general managers have
completed the company’s Energy Conservation
Program training.
c. Government Tax Breaks: The government is
providing funding in the form of tax deductions for
installing energy efficient commercial lighting
systems.

4. LEED: Provides a national guideline for what

constitutes a green building. The following are various
methods that are available to acquire LEED points
through lighting and lighting controls:
• Dimming and switching
• Personal lighting controls
• Occupancy sensors

• Automated window treatments

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15C.10 Aircraft Warning Lights

A. Standard: Comply with governing airport authority.

15C.11 Lighting Criteria Table 15C-3

The legend and general notes are applicable to Table 3.

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15C.12 Building Commissioning

A. Overview: Perform commissioning on building systems
and include required equipment pre-start and start-up
checklists and verification checklists.
• Adequate and reliable electrical service is a critical
component for guest satisfaction and is achieved
through the proper design, installation and
commissioning of electrical systems.
• Maintaining adequate electrical service for staff and
guests, produces a high level of occupant satisfaction.
To achieve this, it is essential to implement a
commissioning process that tests, verifies, adjusts,
calibrates and documents the functional performance of
the electrical systems and equipment outlined in this
Module prior to occupancy.
• Provide operating and maintenance (Ｏ＆Ｍ) manuals ,
highlighted cut sheets, Record “As – Built” Documents
and warranties on equipment and systems.

B. Purpose: The primary purpose of commissioning is to

produce a building with service systems that function, in
all respects, according to the design intent. Properly
commissioned systems function at maximum efficiency,
and minimize energy consumption and operating costs

C. Commissioning Agency: MI recommends that the owner

obtain an independent project commissioning agency (not
associated with and without contractual relationship with
the electrical, HVAC, plumbing, prime or general
contractors) to independently implement and monitor the
commissioning process.

D. Sign Off : MI Engineering does not provide final sign

off on the completed building until the commissioning
process is complete and required documents are
submitted.

E. Coordination: See “Building Commissioning” in Modules

<15A> and <15B> and coordinate requirements with this
Module.

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