Lesson 10

Garbage
John Myles D. Canuto, ECT, LPT, MDC

ZERO WASTE
 OBJECTIVES
Know the definition of garbage;
1.

Get to know the causes and

effects of garbage;
[Link] the R.A. 9003 and other
ways of disposing garbage
properly.
 Table of contents

Causes of Effects of
01 Garbage Garbage
02
Solid
03 Waste & RA 9003 04
its
Disposal
 What are thrown away may be the closest
thing we can come to our polluting the earth.
Garbage can easily be touched, seen or
smelled. This growing accumulation of rubbish
depresses land values, increases thick traffic,
and ruins health, aesthetics and the necessities
of life – the air we breathe and water we drink.
INTRODUCTION
Every day, the people of a limited state churn out
more than 432,000 tons of garbage. Over 80% of it is
carted to landfills. Around the globe this torrent of
waste – toxic and non-toxic – has run smack up
against the “NIMBY” mindset. “Not In My Back Yard”
is a shout heard around the world. Our garbage
problems worsen because most consumer goods are
designed for a one-time use. They are bought, used,
and tossed with little regard for their lasting potential,
and so designed for a “throw-away and disposable
society.”
 INTRODUCTION
Citizens divide their discards into four
categories:
a. Biodegradables/non-biodegradables
b. Combustibles/non-combustibles
c. Recyclables/non-recyclables
d. Hazardous waste

WASTE
Each of the different categories of refuse is collected by private
contractors on different days. Cans, bottles, and newspapers are
collected by volunteer or private industry groups. Some bulk items
like broken furniture, appliances, bicycles and toys are taken to
centers where they are repaired and re-sold. Only non-recyclable
wastes are picked up by municipalities and taken to incinerators
and landfills.

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 01
Causes of
Garbage
WASTE
1. Effects of “throw-away and disposable society”.
More than 7.6 million television sets are thrown
out every year in U.S. alone, each loaded with
parts made up of rubber, metal, wood, plastic,
glass, and synthetic material.
2. Overpopulation of people on earth who are
responsible for creating lots of garbage.
3. Overproduction of packaging materials, bottles,
diapers, and other non-degradable materials.
4. Overproduction of newspapers, plastic bags,
and containers made up of styrofoams or
polystyrene foams which are difficult to recycle.
5. Lawn clipping make up about a fifth of all
garbage in landfills.
6. Medical waste or infectious waste (“red
bag”) is a growing problem.
7. Tires that are designed to last their
durability have become big problem. Burning
tires create noxious fumes that pollute the
air.
8. Household wastes, both degradable and
non-degradable, are thrown everywhere in
Metro Manila and other major cities in the
Philippines.
 02
Effects of
Garbage
 Garbage has long been one of the world’s
greatest bargains and it becomes a problem. It is easy
to accumulate, just as easy to get rid of by adopting an
integrated, organized, solid waste management.
1. A torrent of garbage thrown away every year – more
than 400 million tons worldwide.
2. Accumulated garbage pile as the result of a throw-
away society with an average garbage composition
of 35% for paper/paperbond, 18% yard waste; 13%
food waste; 10% glass; 10% metal; 5% plastic; 4%
wood; 3% textile; and 2% other wastes.
3. Once in the landfill, wastes decompose when there
are enough air and moisture. Some decomposing
waste produces methane, a volatile gas, which
leaks into the soil, thus killing vegetation, and
seeping into nearby buildings.
4. No available dumpsites. Garbage
is increasingly transported to
dumpsites across the city, state and
national borders. In 1987, one
garbage Morbo 4000 with its 3,186
tons garbage cargo was rejected for a
dumpsite , and finally found its
resting spot in New York after being
reduced to 400 tons of ash by the
New York City incinerator.
5. The use of incinerator, an
alternative to landfills, may produce
more pollution especially the toxic
ash left after burning. This
contributes to the production of
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide to
form acid rain; and carbon monoxide
and hydrocarbons to form smog.
Dioxins and toxic ash are hazardous
wastes that affect our health.
6. Recycling technology
is increasingly practiced
around the world. At
least one-third of the
garbage thrown away
can be recycled into new
products.
 03
Solid Waste &
its Disposal
WASTE
1. Landfill
Sanitary landfill is designed to reduce the
amount of waste that leaks out of it into the
environment. The requirements for a sanitary landfill
vary with local conditions. It is designed to protect
the environment from pollution and uses the
methane produced in the landfill to generate
electricity. Water dissolves pollutants out of the
garbage forming a solution known as leachate.
(Photo: [Link])
2. Incineration
One way to reduce the
volume of waste that must go to
the landfill is to burn it first. Even
modern incinerator causes
pollution adding fly ash, gases, and
particulate matter into the air.
(Photo: [Link])
3. Ocean Dumping
About 50 million tons of waste a year
are discharged into the ocean, 300
kilometers off-shore. Disease-causing
organisms and heavy metals have destroyed
numerous coastal fisheries.
4. Garbology
The study of consumer behavior and
preferences for foods and products
by examining disposed goods and
other items found in the trash and
garbage.
a. Individual Action
1. Reuse item whenever possible.
2. Encourage source reduction.
3. Precycle. A new concept, it implies simply that you should
consider the end result of everything you buy and where it
will eventually rest.
4. Compost the natural degradable organic wastes.
5. Burning anything, from leaves to paper, creates toxic
emissions.
6. Reuse and recycle plastics.
7. Reuse returnable and refillable glass bottles.
8. Buy or shop where you get fruits and vegetables without plastic
wrappings.
9. Wash and reuse plastic and silverware plate. Use paper plates
instead of Styrofoam.
10. Save paper whenever possible; reuse paper bags, scrap paper for
notes.
11. Carry your own paper or plastic bags; reuse them many times.
12. Buy durable products, like cloth napkins, silverwares, etc.
13. When things break, repair them.
14. Share newspapers and magazines with others.
15. Have garage sales or charity pickups rather
than simply throwing away household goods
you’ve tired of.
16. Buy nickel cadmium batteries.
17. Consider recycling;
encourage recycled and
recyclable goods at work.
18. Buy recycled printing and
writing paper.
19. Carry your own clean forks,
knives, spoons, and plastic straw
and cup.
20. Join opposition to the use of
incinerator.
21. Save magazines, Styrofoam,
etc. for chidren’s arts and crafts.
b. Government Action
1. Recycling should be adopted in every nation, state
and community.
2. Encourage recycling operation.
3. Deposit laws for bottles and cans should be
mandated in all states.
4. Garbage collection should be paid for by user’s fees.
5. Higher taxes should be imposed on non-recycled or
disposable products.
6. Non-degradable plastic should be banned.
7. Packaging standards for both retail and wholesale
merchandise should be required.
 RA
04 9003
WASTE
 Republic Act No. 9003 or the “Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act” provides the legal
framework for the country’s systematic,
comprehensive and ecological solid waste
management program that shall ensure protection
of public health and the environment. It
underscores, among other things, the need to
create the necessary institutional mechanisms and
incentives, as well as imposes penalties for acts in
violation of any of its provisions.
The implementing rules and regulations of
R.A. No. 9003 are contained in DENR
Administrative Order No. 2001-34.
 ACTIVITY
1. Think of a solution to
reduce the volume of
waste your community
produces.
2. Explain what is meant
by “NIMBY”.
Thanks
Do you have any questions?
sirjohnmylescanuto@[Link]

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