Carbon particles multifunctional coating of textiles
Introduction
Carbon particles are synthesized using various methods, such as precipitation, emulsion, pyrolysis, chemical
activation, arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, and mechanical and biological methods [1] [3]. These
methods can produce different types of carbon particles, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon
quantum dots, Nano diamonds, carbon nanofibers, and activated carbon. The properties and applications of
these carbon particles depend on their size, shape, structure, and functionalization. Carbon particles have been
widely used in fields such as energy, electronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and environmental engineering. [2]
1.1. Background:
Carbon particles refer to small particles composed primarily of carbon atoms. They can vary in size, shape, and
structure depending on how they are synthesized and their intended use. Types of carbon particles include:
1. Carbon Black: Fine particles of elemental carbon produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons.
It is widely used as a reinforcing filler in rubber products, as a pigment in inks and paints, and in various
other applications.
2. Carbon Nanoparticles: Small carbon particles with dimensions typically in the nanometer range. These
particles can have various structures, including amorphous carbon, graphite, and diamond-like carbon.
They find applications in fields such as catalysis, sensing, and biomedical imaging.[4]
Properties:
Carbon black particles gives some functional properties like UV resistance, antimicrobial properties, and
thermal stability. It is commonly known that CB particles with smaller sizes have better UV resistance and
antistatic performance. [5]
1.2. Theory:
They enhance the surface appearance, improve durability, and help prevent degradation caused by UV
radiation. Additionally, carbon black particles can contribute to conductivity in certain applications, such as in
the production of antistatic coatings and materials.[6]
Literature View
Eco-friendly finishing agent for cotton fabrics to improve flame retardant and
antibacterial properties
A. El-Shafei, M. ElShemy, A. Abou-Okeil focus on making cotton fabrics safer and more hygienic by adding
special coatings made of tiny titanium dioxide particles and chitosan phosphate, which is a compound derived
from chitin. The titanium dioxide particles are made using a specific method called sol-gel, and their size is
checked using a transmission electron microscope. These coatings are applied to the cotton fabric using a
standard method involving a catalyst and other chemicals. The goal is to improve the fabric's properties like fire
resistance and ability to repel bacteria. Tests are done to see how well the fabric holds up under heat and how
resistant it is to burning. Additionally, its ability to resist bacterial growth is also examined.
Functional Finishing of Cotton Using Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Kamal K. Gupta Manjeet Jassal Ashwini K. Agrawal
Nanocrystals of TiO2 and ZnO were made using different chemical methods that are SEM and X-ray
diggraction. These tiny particles, about 5-8 nanometers in size, were dispersed and closely resembled single
crystals when examined under a microscope. They were easily applied onto cotton fabric with just a small
amount of acrylic binder, between 1-10%. Even at very low concentrations, like 0.5%, the TiO2-coated cotton
showed impressive self-cleaning abilities after being exposed for 1-2days. The cleaning happened faster in the
first 12 hours and slowed down after that. Increasing the amount of nanoparticles only slightly improved the
self-cleaning effect. Interestingly, using less binder, even as little as 1%, resulted in better self-cleaning
compared to higher amounts like 10% or 2%. This suggests that too much binder might be causing the
nanoparticles to clump together.
Silver nanoparticle@catechol formaldehyde resin microspheres: One-pot synthesis and
application for producing durable antimicrobial cotton fabrics
In this study, researchers found a way to make silver nanoparticles stick better to fabrics to improve their
antibacterial properties. They mixed silver salts with catechol and hexamethylenetetramine to create tiny silver-
coated spheres called Ag@CFR using a special method. Ag@CFR were uniformly deposited and firmly
adhered onto the fabric surface using the pad-dry-cure method, resulting in the production of durable
antimicrobial cotton fabrics. Ag@CFR-coated fabrics showed very high antimicrobial activities and
laundering durability. By adjusting the amount of catechol, they were able to make these spheres evenly coated
with silver both on the surface and inside. These spheres could be easily mixed in water and showed strong
ability to kill bacteria.
Design of functional cotton fabric via modified carbon nanotubes
The cotton fabric was treated with modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by soaking them in a solution and then
drying them. Another type of modified CNTs, called CNTs-multi, was made by attaching dimethyl phosphite
and perfluorohexyl chain to them, and then applied to the cotton by dipping it in the solution and drying it. The
chemical makeup of the modified CNTs was studied using special techniques. The flammability of the fabric
was tested using different methods, and its ability to resist UV rays was measured using a UPF value.
Additionally, the fabric's ability to repel or absorb water was assessed by measuring how water droplets
behave on its surface.
Research gap
From the previous literature it was witnessed that a lot of research was carried out on the multifunctional
finishing of textile materials. However, there is a limited research to enhance the properties of multifunctional
textiles by using carbon black synthesis from acrylic carpet industrial waste.
Objective
To enhance the multifunctional properties of fabric like UV protection, antimicrobial and thermal
stability.
To reduce the impact of carpet industry solid waste on environment
Experimental
Material
Carbon pigment black powder
Carbon particles from acrylic waste
Cotton polyster
Methodology
[Link] of Material
Plasma treatment
Ozone treatment
[Link]-Dry-Cure Method
DOE
Serial no. Material Pre-Treatment Fabric sample
S1 Cotton Ozone
S2 Polyester Plasma
S3 Cotton ozone
S4 Polyester Plasma
Serial no Fabric Sample CB-Coating Final sample
S1
S2
S3
S4
Timeline
Febrauary
March
April
May
June