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Rocket Design and Testing Project

The document details a rocket design project undertaken by a team from November 6 to December 6, focusing on kinematic equations, propulsion, and aerodynamics. The team conducted research, created designs using Open Rocket and Onshape software, and faced challenges during construction and testing, including issues with size and functionality. Despite setbacks, the project provided valuable lessons in teamwork, design, and rocket science.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views13 pages

Rocket Design and Testing Project

The document details a rocket design project undertaken by a team from November 6 to December 6, focusing on kinematic equations, propulsion, and aerodynamics. The team conducted research, created designs using Open Rocket and Onshape software, and faced challenges during construction and testing, including issues with size and functionality. Despite setbacks, the project provided valuable lessons in teamwork, design, and rocket science.

Uploaded by

hbbeckw1
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Title

Aerospace Rocket design

Members: Dates:

Trey Beckwith Nov. 6 –


Dec. 6

Olivia Reed

Isiah Willis
Abstract

We started on this rocket project on Nov. 6 after we learned about kinematic


equations and propulsion. We then started doing some research on shapes
and aerodynamics of a rocket. Once we were done researching, we made
sketches with dimensions in our notebooks. Then we started designing the
body in open rocket. We started making 3d models of our pieces in onshape
then printed them out to the right size. Then we designed our fins in word
and laser cut them out. Next, we grabbed a body tube, our fins and the nose
cone and transition and glued them together. Then finally we went out to test
our design.
Introduction

On November 1st, we wrapped up our project and did our presentation


on projectile forces and kinematic equations and on the following Monday,
we started on our next project where we were to design and launch our very
own rocket using disposable engines. It all started when we were given an
entry document from Estes-Cox asking us to develop and test how a rocket
can handle a payload of all kinds of shapes and sizes. A payload is a cargo on
usually an aircraft from which revenue is derived. Our design was required to
include a flexible design using parts from Estes-Cox make your own rocket
kits, with a 3D printed nose cone and the fins that must be able to
accommodate various sized payloads. Cartridge motors, test stands, a 3D
printer, and a laser cutter were all provided from us to complete this project.
First, to get a better understanding of we needed to do, we developed an
essential question we needed to answer. Our essential question was as
follows “How does a rocket’s payload affect a rocket’s design and flight
characteristics” Next, we made a know/need to know chart to gather our
thoughts. Some things we knew were that we needed build a rocket big
enough to house a payload and what materials we were provided for us to
build it out of. Somethings we needed to know or figure out were what
measurements, sizes, and overall design we wanted to have for our rocket.
Finally, once we finished our know need to know chart, we formed our
problem statement to figure out the problem and propose to solve it. Our
problem statement was “Rockets should house a payload and an engine
while flying. Too much weight, breaking, and inability are all problems we can
fae. We are proposing to design a safe, easy to use and functional model
rocket.”
At that point we understood what we needed to do now and were ready to
begin the first step which was research. Our first point of research was the
aerodynamics of a nose cone of a model rocket. After some digging, we
found the best nose cone was a sharp but rounded off not completely
pointed. We ended up using a similar shape in our final official design. Our
next point of research was what and where the center of gravity and the
center of pressure are in a successful rocket. We found that the center of
gravity is the point where the weight is evenly distributed on each side and
that it should be located approximately at the middle of the rocket. Next, we
found that the center of pressure is the point where lift and drag occur in the
rocket which is supposed to be located about right above the engine.

Design

After we did some research, our next course of action was to start sketching
our design in our notebooks and making some measurements of the design

to fit our needs.

For the main part of our rocket, from the rocket building kit, we decided to
use a size 50 body tube with a transition that connects to a size 20 body
tube. We decided to have a total of 4 wings and use a parallelogram shape
with the length being 8 cm and the width being 5.75 cm. When it came to
designing the nose cone, we made the decision to make it a 8 cm because
we believed it to be an appropriate proportion given the size of the rocket.

Onshape/OpenRocket
Now that we finished the design and sketches it was time to put our design
into the computer. We took the sketches we made in our notebooks and put

the design into a designing software call Open Rocket. Open Rocket is a
model rocket designing software. This project was our first experience with
this particular software and were a little confused on how it works and
needed to learn the ropes. It works by selecting which part or section of the
rocket you want, nose cone, body, fins, transition etc. selecting the part
allows you to manipulate the shape, length, width, and many other aspects
of the piece and it will show you how it looks on a 2D scale. Once you are
done changing all the pieces to your liking, you can see how the design looks

on in a 3D model. The second part of the computer designing process was


designing our nose cone and transition pieces in Onshape. Onshape is a 3D
model designing software that is used to design objects to 3D print. Unlike
Open Rocket, we have used this modeling software before on some of our
previous projects and we are familiar on how it works, that being said though
we learned a new tool called revolve that ended up being crucial in designing
our nose cone and transition. This tool allows you to select a flat surface and
an axis line to turn the flat surface into a 3D object that revolves in a circle
around the selected axis. Finally came the third step which was making the
fins. We made the fins in a blank word document where we used line tools to
draw out 4 parallelograms of equal size being 8 cm by 5.75 cm in length and
width respectively. Once we had finished everything digitally it was time to
take this design in the physical world.

Construction

First, we started out by cutting the fins with a laser cutter provided by our
teacher. The way the laser cutter works is our teacher sends a message or
instructions for the robot to carry out or cut which the instruction in this case
was the word document. Next, we had to transfers our nose cone and
transition that we developed in onshape to the 3D printer where it replicates
our design physically from the onshape document. While the pieces were
printing, we started to put together the fins and the size 50 body tube using
a super glue and a glue accelerator spray. Unfortunately, the first time we
printed the pieces, they were the incorrect size, so we had to go back into
onshape and fix the sizes. The second time we printed the pieces; they were
still imperfect and did not fit quite to well but nevertheless we were running
out of time and had to make do with what we had so we glued it all together
and the time to test our design came.

Testing

The next day, we went out to the Bridgeport city park that is just behind the
school to launch our rockets, that was the day we realized our first mistake.
It is turns out we left a crucial part of our rocket, the launch tube, at the
school and were not allowed to go retrieve it, so we were unable to launch
our design on the first day. Our second day of launching went a little bit
better as we were able to launch it this time but quickly realized our second
mistake being that our design was too thin to house the altimeter and the
streamer at the same time, so we had to hang the altimeter on the outside of
the rocket.
As you can see, our rocket did not fly as high as we wanted to it to, and the
nose cone did not pop off and let the streamer out because it was an
imperfect size, so our rocket suffered a lot of damage. It ended up
completely crushing the size 20 body tube and bending the tip of our nose
cone, in fact, the damage was so severe, we were not even able to launch for
our second time. To top it all off, our altimeter did not read (probably
because it was just hanging on the outside) and left us with no data to show
for.

Conclusion
While we had a few things that went right in this project like, our success in
research and the rocket being able to fly, but it was clear this project did not
go in our favor. Our nose cone and transition were the wrong size twice, we
were unable to launch 2 out of the 3 times, our altimeter did not read, and
ultimately, we were unable to house the payload of the altimeter. That being
said though this project wasn’t a waste of time, I learned a lot of things about
designing, construction, and the science behind rockets and most
importantly we learned more collectively on how to work as a team and

listen to each other’s ideas and opinions. Overall, I really enjoyed this project
and I’m glad I got to launch a rocket I helped create because it’s something
I’ve wanted to do since I was little, a childhood dream of mine you could say,
and I want to express my gratitude to Mr. Pollick for giving us this
opportunity.

Common questions

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The research phase revealed that the best nose cone design for aerodynamics was one that was sharp but not completely pointed, as it provided optimal performance. This understanding led the team to adopt a similar shape for their final design, as the research identified that such a shape could improve flight characteristics by reducing drag .

The team faced significant challenges in housing the altimeter within the rocket, as their design was too thin to contain both the altimeter and the streamer. To address this, they attempted to hang the altimeter on the outside of the rocket. However, this solution proved inadequate as it led to no data being recorded due to the altimeter being improperly placed .

The team utilized Open Rocket and Onshape for designing the rocket. Open Rocket allowed them to sketch designs and simulate them in both 2D and 3D, offering insights into how different configurations would affect flight before physical construction. Onshape was used to create 3D models of the nose cone and transition pieces using the revolve tool for 3D printing. These tools provided a platform for exploration and correction, though distortions in print size did occur .

An error in construction timing significantly compromised the project's outcomes. Due to incorrect sizing of components and insufficient time for corrections, the team was forced to use imperfect parts which resulted in suboptimal launches and failure to gather altimeter data. This highlighted the importance of allocating sufficient time for testing and iteration in project schedules to accommodate unexpected design or construction setbacks .

Despite its technical challenges, the project was fulfilling on a personal level, as it enabled individuals to engage with aerospace engineering hands-on and see a tangible output from their efforts—launching a rocket they helped design. This experience was particularly meaningful as it aligned with personal interests and childhood dreams, providing a sense of achievement and motivation to pursue further studies and projects in the field of aerospace .

For ensuring rocket stability, it is essential that the center of gravity be approximately at the center of the rocket to allow balanced distribution of weight. The center of pressure should be located just above the engine, where lift and drag forces act, optimizing flight trajectory and control. These placements help maintain the aerodynamic performance and stability of the rocket during flight .

Incorrect sizing in the 3D printed components, namely the nose cone and transition pieces, had profound negative implications on the project outcome. The incorrect dimensions prevented the proper fit and function required for successful flight, leading to severe damage during launch attempts. Although the construction and design stages required correction attempts, insufficient time and resources led them to use imperfect components, which ultimately contributed to the failure to achieve optimal flight and secure altimeter data .

Technical setbacks, such as incorrect sizes of the 3D printed components and the failed integration of the altimeter, accentuated the necessity of stringent quality control measures. These issues demonstrated how small errors in fabrication could lead to large-scale functional failures, undermining the utility of the final product. Incorporating thorough inspections, validation processes, and flexibility for redesigns in engineering design could prevent such outcomes and ensure higher quality and reliability of projects .

The project taught several key lessons about engineering and project management. It underscored the importance of accurate measurements and iterative testing in design, highlighting how minor oversights can culminate in major failures such as incomplete launches and lack of functional data collection. It also demonstrated the necessity of contingency planning and risk assessment in project management, as well as fostering teamwork to navigate the complex and unpredictable nature of real-world engineering challenges .

Team collaboration and learning were central to managing the project's design and construction challenges. While technical issues like sizing errors and payload accommodation persisted, the project served as an educational experience emphasizing teamwork and iterative learning. The team collectively improved their problem-solving skills and ability to listen to varying perspectives, which although did not resolve all challenges, provided personal growth and a stronger foundation for future projects .

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