COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q1. A line ∠M is drawn parallel to X-axis at a distance of 5 units
from it. On ∠M a point P is marked at a distances of 3 units from the
Y-axis. What are the coordinates of P?
Sol:
The line ∠M can be above or below the x-axis
∴ coordinates of P are (3, 5) or (–3, 5)
Q2. Which of the following statements are true?
(i) The point (0, –4) lies on y-axis
(ii) The perpendicular distance of the point (5, 7) from the x-axis is
5.
(iii) Point (1, –1) and (–1, 1) lie in the same quadrant.
Sol: Only the statement (i) is true.
Q3. What is the sign of the y-coordinate of a point lying in the III-
quadrant?
Sol: The y-coordinate of a point in III-quadrant is always negative.
Q4. If the two points are A(–2, 7) and B(–3, 4) then what is (abscissa
of A) – (abscissa of B)?
Sol: ∵ abscissa of A = – 2 and abscissa of B = – 3
∵ (– 2) – (– 3) = –2 + 3 =1
Q5. A point (other than zero) is such that [The abscissa of the point]
= [The ordinate of the point] In which quadrants can the point lie?
Sol: ∵ The coordinates have opposite signs in II and IV quadrants.
∴ the given point lies in I or III quadrant.
Q6. A line ∠M is drawn parallel to X-axis at a distance of 5 units
from it. On ∠M a point P is marked at a distances of 3 units from the
Y-axis. What are the coordinates of P?
Sol: The line ∠M can be above or below the x-axis
∴ coordinates of P are (3, 5) or (–3, 5)
Short Answer Type
Questions Q1. Look at the following figure and
answer the following:
(i) What is the abscissa of P?
(ii) What is the ordinate of Q?
(iii) What is the ordinate of R?
(iv) What is the abscissa of S?
Sol: (i) The abscissa of P is –3.
(ii) The ordinate of Q is –2.
(iii) The ordinate of R is 2.
(iv) The abscissa of S is –5.
Q2. Look at the following figure and answer the following:
(i) Which point is having its ordinate as (–5)?
(ii) Which point is having abscissa as 4?
(iii) What are the coordinates of origin?
(iv) Which point is having abscissa as (–3)?
Sol: (i) The point B is having its ordinate as (–5).
(ii) The point C is having its abscissa as 4.
(iii) The coordinates of O are (0, 0).
(iv) The point A is having abscissa as (–3).
Q3. Look at the following figure and answer the following:
(i) Which two points have the same abscissa?
(ii) Which two points have the same ordinate?
Sol:
(i) ∵ The abscissa of the point Q is 6.
The abscissa of the point R is 6.
∴The points Q and R have the same abscissa.
(ii) ∵ The ordinate of P is (–3).
The ordinate of R is (–3).
∴ The points P and R have the same ordinate.
Q4. Read the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle ABC in the
following figure:
Sol:
The vertices of the triangle are A, B and C.
The coordinates of A are (–6, 4).
The coordinates of B are (–3, –3).
The coordinates of C are (2, 2).
Q5. Write the coordinates of quadrilateral PQRS as shown in the
following figure:
Sol:
The vertices of the quadrilateral are P, Q, R and S.
The coordinates of P are (–4, 4).
The coordinates of Q are (8, 2).
The coordinates of R are (6, –3).
The coordinates of S are (–2, –2).
Long Answer Type
Questions
Q1: If two vertices of an equilateral triangle are (3, 0) and (6, 0), find
the third vertex. (2011D)
Sol:
Let A (3,0), B (6, 0), C (x, y).
∴ ∆ABC is an equilateral
∴ AB = BC = AC
AB2 = BC2 = AC2 …[Squaring throughout
2 2 2 2 2 2
(6 – 3) + (0 – 0) = (x – 6) + (1 – 0) = (x – 3) + (y – 0)
2 2 2 2
9 = x – 12x + 36 + y = x – 6x + 9 + y
Q2: If the vertices of a triangle are (1, -3), (4, p) and (-9, 7) and its
area is 15 sq. units, find the value(s) of p.
Sol:
Area of ∆ = 15 sq. units
12 [1(p – 7) + 4(7 + 3)) + (-9)(-3 – p)] = ±15
p – 7 + 40 + 27 + 9p = ±30
10p + 60 = ± 30
10p = -60 ± 30
p = −60±30 / 10
∴ Taking +ve sign, p = −60 + 30 / 10 = −30 / 10 = -3
Taking -ve sign, p = −60 − 30 / 10 = −90 / 10 = -9
Q3: If A(4, 2), B(7,6) and C(1, 4) are the vertices of a AABC and AD
is its median, prove that the median AD divides AABC into two
triangles of equal areas.
Sol:
Area of ∆ABD
= 1/2 (x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)]
= 1/2[4(6 – 5) + 7(5 – 2) + 4(2 – 6))
= 1/2(4 + 21 – 16) = 9/2 [Link] …(i)
Area of ∆ADC
= 1/2 [4(5 – 4) + 4(4 – 2) + 162 – 5)]
= 1/2(4 + 8 – 3) = 9/[Link]
From (i) and (ii),
Area of ∆ABD = Area of ∆ADC
∴ Median AD divides ∆ABC into two triangles of equal area.
Q4: If the area of triangle ABC formed by A(x, y), B(1, 2) and C(2, 1)
is 6 square units, then prove that x + y = 15 or x + y = -9.
Sol:
Let A(x, y), B(1, 2), C(2, 1).
Area of ∆ABC = 6 sq. units …[Given
As 1/2 [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] = 6
∴ x(2 – 1) + 1(1 – y) + 2(y – 2) = ±12
x + 1 – y + 2y – 4 = ±12
Taking +ve sign
x + y = 12 + 4 – 1
∴ x + y = 15
Taking -ve sign
x + y = -12 + 4 – 1
∴ x + y = -9
Q5: Point P(x, 4) lies on the line segment joining the points A(-5, 8)
and B(4, -10). Find the ratio in which point P divides the line
segment AB. Also find the value of x.
Sol:
Q6: Find the ratio in which the point P(x, 2) divides the line segment
joining the points A(12, 5) and B(4, -3). Also, find the value of x.
Sol:
Q7: If P(2, 4) is equidistant from Q(7, 0) and R(x, 9), find the values
of x. Also find the distance P.
Sol:
PQ = PR …[GivenPQ2 = PR2 … [Squaring both
2 2 2 2
sides∴ (7 – 2) + (0 – 4) = (x – 2) + (9 – 4)
2
⇒ 25 + 16 = (x – 2) + 25
2
⇒ 16 = (x – 2)
⇒ ±4 = x – 2 …[Taking sq. root of both sides
⇒2±4=x
⇒ x = 2 + 4 = 6 or x = 2 – 4 = -2
Q8: If the centroid of ∆ABC, in which A(a, b), B(b, c), C(c, a) is at the
3 3
origin, then calculate the value of (a + b + c).
Sol:
Centroid =
a+b+c=0
If a + b + c = 0
then, as we know
3 3 3 2 2 2
a + b + c – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a + b + c – ab – bc – ac)
3 3 3
∴ a + b + c – 3abc = 0 … [Since a + b + c = 0
3 3 3
∴ a + b + c = 3abc …(Hence proved)
Q9: Find the values of k so that the area of the triangle with vertices
(k + 1, 1), (4, -3) and (7, -k) is 6 sq. units.
Sol:
Let A(k + 1, 1), B(4, -3) and C(7, -k).
We have, Area of ∆ABC = 6 … [Given
6 = 1/2 [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)]
6 = 1/2[(k + 1)(-3 + k) + 4(-k – 1) + 7(1 + 3)]
12 = (-3k + k2 – 3 + k – 4k – 4 + 28]
12 = [k2 – 6k + 21]
⇒ k2 – 6k + 21 – 12 = 0
⇒ k2 – 6k + 9 = 0
⇒ k2 – 3k – 3k + 9 = 0
⇒ k(k – 3) – 3(k – 3) = 0 =
⇒ (k – 3) (k – 3) = 0
⇒ k – 3 = 0 or k – 3 = 0
⇒ k = 3 or k = 3
Solving to get k = 3.
Q10: For the triangle ABC formed by the points A(4, -6), B(3,-2) and
C(5, 2), verify that median divides the triangle into two triangles of
equal area.
Sol:
Let A(4, -6), B(3, -2) and C(5, 2) be the vertices of ∆ABC.
Since AD is the median
∴ D is the mid-point of BC.
⇒ D(3 + 5 / 2,−2 + 2 / 2) ⇒ D(4,0)
Area of ∆ABD
= 1/2 [4(-2 – 0) + 3(0 + 6) + 4(-6 + 2)]
= 1/2 [-8 + 18 – 16) = 1/2 [-6] = -3
But area of A cannot be negative.
∴ ar(∆ABD) = 3 [Link] …(i)
Area of ∆ADC
= 1/2 [4(0 – 2) + 4(2 + 6) + 5(-6 – 0)]
= 1/2(-8 + 32 – 30] = 12 [-6] = -3
But area of ∆ cannot be negative.
∴ ar(∆ADC) = 3 [Link]
From (i) and (ii),
∴ Median AD of AABC divides it into two ∆s of equal area.