Science 7 Date: December 9-13
Third Quarter
Topic: Heat and Temperature and Heat Transfer
Objectives:
Differentiate between heat and temperature.
Explain the methods of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Solve basic problems involving heat transfer.
Activity
Title: "Feeling the Heat"
1. Place a metal rod and a plastic rod in a beaker of hot water for 2 minutes.
2. Have students touch both rods and describe the difference in sensation.
3. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature of each rod to confirm that both rods are at the same temperature.
Discussion Questions:
Why does the metal rod feel hotter than the plastic rod?
What property of the material causes this difference?
Analysis
1. Define Heat and Temperature:
o Heat: The energy transferred between systems due to temperature difference (measured in joules).
o Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance (measured in degrees
Celsius or Kelvin).
2. Explain Heat Transfer Mechanisms:
o Conduction: Transfer of heat through direct contact (e.g., metal rod).
o Convection: Transfer of heat through fluid motion (e.g., boiling water).
o Radiation: Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves (e.g., heat from the sun).
3. Illustrate with Examples:
o Cooking on a stovetop (conduction).
o Hot air rising from a radiator (convection).
o Warming hands near a fire (radiation).
o
Abstraction
Present the Formulas:
1. Heat Transfer:
o Where : heat energy, : mass, : specific heat, : change in temperature.
2. Explain the significance of specific heat capacity and its role in heat transfer.
Example Problems:
1. Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 2 kg of water by 5°C. ().
2. A 500 g metal block at 100°C is placed in 1 kg of water at 25°C. If the final temperature is 30°C, calculate the
specific heat of the metal.
Application
Activity:
1. Set up stations for each heat transfer mechanism:
o Conduction: Place different materials in contact with a heat source and measure temperature changes.
o Convection: Observe and sketch the motion of food dye in hot water.
o Radiation: Compare the temperature of objects placed under a heat lamp.
2. Have students rotate through stations and record observations.
Assessment
1. Provide a short quiz with questions like:
o Differentiate between heat and temperature.
o Identify real-life examples of conduction, convection, and radiation.
o Solve problems using the heat transfer formula.
Sample Questions:
1. Explain why metal feels colder than wood at the same temperature.
2. A 1 kg block of aluminum () is heated from 20°C to 50°C. How much heat energy is required?
3. Describe the primary method of heat transfer in the following situations:
o Sunlight warming a room.
o Boiling water in a pot.
o A spoon heating up in hot soup.
Assignment
1. Research and write a short essay on how heat transfer concepts are applied in everyday life (e.g., insulating
materials, cooking, or climate control).
2. Solve additional practice problems:
o How much heat is required to melt 500 g of ice at 0°C? (Latent heat of fusion for ice = 334,000 J/kg.)