SANKALP EDUCATION
Class : XII
Unit – SOLUTION
Unit of concentration
Lecture – 1 PDF
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solute ¼?kqY; ;k foys;½
A substance which is dissolved is called
solute.
og inkFkZ ftls ?kqyk;k tkrk gS] ?kqY; ;k foys; dgykrk
gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solute may exist in solid, liquid, gaseous
state.
?kqY; dk vfLrRo Bksl] nzo] xSlh; ek/;e esa gks
ldrk gSA
Solute exists in lesser proportion.
?kqY; de vuqikr ¼ek=k½ essa jgrk gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solvent ¼?kksyd ;k foyk;d½
A medium in which solute is dissolved is
called solvent.
og ek/;e ftlesa ?kqY; dks ?kqyk;k tkrk gS] ?kksyd ;k
foyk;d dgykrk gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solvent may exist in solid, liquid, gaseous
state.
?kksyd dk vfLrRo Bksl] nzo] xSlh; ek/;e esa gks
ldrk gSA
Solvent exist in larger proportion.
?kksyd T;knk vuqikr ¼ek=k½ essa ik;k tkrk gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solute + Solvent = Solution
?kqY; + ?kksyd = ?kksy
foys; + foyk;d = foy;u
Mass of solute + Mass of solvent = Mass of
solution
?kqY; dk nzO;eku + ?kksyd dk nzO;eku = ?kksy dk nzO;eku
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Mass of solvent = Mass of solution - Mass of
solute
?kksyd dk nzO;eku = ?kksy dk nzO;eku & ?kqY; dk nzO;eku
Mass of solute = Mass of solution - Mass of
solvent
?kqY; dk nzO;eku = ?kksy dk nzO;eku & ?kksyd dk nzO;eku
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Density of solution ¼?kksy dk ?kuRo½
Mass of solution
Density of solution =
Volume of solution
?kksy ;k foy;u dk nzO;eku
?kksy ;k foy;u dk ?kuRo =
?kksy ;k foy;u dk vk;ru
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
msolution
dsolution =
Vsolution
msolution = Vsolution x dsolution
Mass of solution = volume of solution x
density of solution
?kksy dk nzO;eku = ?kksy dk vk;ru X ?kksy dk ?kuRo
msolution
Vsolution =
dsolution
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Components of a Solution ¼?kksy ds vo;o½
Solute, solvent present in a solution is
called components of a solution.
?kksy ;k foy;u esa mifLFkr ?kqY;] ?kksyd dks ml
foy;u dk vo;o dgrs gSaA
Binary solution = Two components present
in the solution.
?kksy esa ;fn nks vo;o dh mifLFkfr gks rks og
Binary solution dgykrk gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Ex. – NaCl in water ¼ued dk tyh; ?kksy½
Ex. – HCl in water ¼HCl dk tyh; ?kksy½
Ternary solution = Three components are
present in the solution.
?kksy esa ;fn rhu vo;oksa dh mifLFkfr gks rks og
Ternary solution dgykrk gSA
Ex. – ORS solution ¼ORS dk ?kksy½
NaCl + Sugar + water ¼ORS dk ?kksy½
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solution = A homogenous mixture
contains two or more than two components
is called solution.
nks ;k nks ls vf/kd vo;oksa ds lekaxh feJ.k dks
?kksy ;k foy;u dgrs gSaA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Classification of Solution ¼?kksy dk oxhZdj.k½
On the basis of Physical state solution are
classified into eight parts.
vo;oksa dh HkkSfrd voLFkk ds vk/kkj ij foy;uksa dk
oxhZdj.k vkB Hkkxksa esa gksrk gS A
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Binary solution = Solid solution
ck;ujh ?kksy = Bksl foy;u
Solute ¼?kqY;½ Solvent ¼foyk;d½
Solid Solid
¼Bksl½
Liquid
Gas
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solid solution ¼Bksl foy;u½
A solution in which solvent is in solid state
but solute may be in solid or liquid or
gaseous state is called solid solution.
og foy;u ftlesa ?kksyd Bksl voLFkk esa jgrs gSa rFkk
?kqY; Bksl ;k nzo ;k xSlh; voLFkk esa jgrs gSa] Bksl
foy;u dgykrk gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solid solution ¼Bksl foy;u½
Solute [S] + Solvent [S] = Solution
Solid + Solid = Solid Solution
Copper (Cu) + Zinc (Zn) = Brass ¼ihry½
Copper (Cu) + Tin (Sn) = Bronze ¼dkWlk½
Copper (Cu) + Zinc (Zn) + Nickel (Ni)
= German Silver ¼teZu flYoj½
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solid solution ¼Bksl foy;u½
Solute [L] + Solvent [S] = Solution
Liquid + Solid = Solid Solution
Mercury (Hg) + Sodium (Na) = Amalgated
sodium
All alloys are solid solution.
lHkh feJ /kkrq ,d Bksl foy;u gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solid solution ¼Bksl foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Gas + Solid = Solid Solution
Hydrogen (H2) + Palladium (Pd) or
Hydrogen (H2) + Platinum (Pt) or
Hydrogen (H2) + Nickel (Ni) are solid solution.
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Liquid solution ¼rjy foy;u½
A solution in which solvent is in liquid state
but solute may be in solid or liquid or
gaseous state is called liquid solution.
og foy;u ftlesa ?kksyd rjy voLFkk esa jgrs gSa rFkk
?kqY; Bksl ;k nzo ;k xSlh; voLFkk esa jgrs gSa] rjy
foy;u dgykrk gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Binary solution = Liquid solution
ck;ujh ?kksy = rjy foy;u
Solute ¼?kqY;½ Solvent ¼foyk;d½
Solid Liquid
¼ rjy ½
Liquid
Gas
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Liquid solution ¼rjy foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Solid + liquid = liquid Solution
Glucose or urea or sugar or salt dissolve
in water is called liquid solution.
Xywdkst ;k ;wfj;k ;k phuh ;k yo.k ds tyh;
foy;u dks rjy foy;u dgrs gSaA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Liquid solution ¼rjy foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Liquid + liquid = liquid Solution
Ethanol or methanol in water is called
liquid solution.
bFksukWy ;k feFksukWy ds tyh; foy;u dks rjy
foy;u dgrs gSaA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Liquid solution ¼rjy foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Gas + liquid = liquid Solution
Oxygen or Helium or Nitrogen dissolved in
water is called liquid solution.
vkWDlhtu ;k ghfy;e ;k ukbVªkstu ds tyh;
foy;u dks rjy foy;u dgrs gSaA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½
A solution in which solvent is in gaseous
state but solute may be in solid or liquid state
is called gaseous solution.
og foy;u ftlesa ?kksyd xSlh; voLFkk esa jgrs gSa rFkk
?kqY; Bksl ;k nzo voLFkk esa jgrs gSa] xSlh; foy;u
dgykrk gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½
Solute ¼?kqY;½ Solvent ¼foyk;d½
Solid Gas
¼ xSl ½
Liquid
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Solid + gas = Gaseous Solution
Camphor in Nitrogen gas.
ukbVªkstu xSl esa diwj ds [Link]
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Liquid + gas = Gaseous Solution
Chloroform mixed with nitrogen gas.
ukbVªkstu xSl esa DyksjksQkWeZ A
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Gas + gas = Gaseous mixture
It is a Mixture. It is not homogenous in
nature.
xSl esa xSl & feJ.k dgykrk gS D;ksafd ;g lekaxh
ugha gksrk gSA
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
SANKALP EDUCATION
Class : XII
Unit – SOLUTION
Unit of concentration
Lecture – 1 PDF
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)