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Solute and Solvent in Bronze

The document provides an overview of solutions, defining key terms such as solute and solvent, and explaining their properties and proportions. It discusses different types of solutions including binary, ternary, solid, liquid, and gaseous solutions, along with examples for each type. Additionally, it covers the mass and density calculations related to solutions.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views29 pages

Solute and Solvent in Bronze

The document provides an overview of solutions, defining key terms such as solute and solvent, and explaining their properties and proportions. It discusses different types of solutions including binary, ternary, solid, liquid, and gaseous solutions, along with examples for each type. Additionally, it covers the mass and density calculations related to solutions.

Uploaded by

rplover1212
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SANKALP EDUCATION

Class : XII
Unit – SOLUTION
Unit of concentration
Lecture – 1 PDF
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)
Solute ¼?kqY; ;k foys;½

A substance which is dissolved is called


solute.
og inkFkZ ftls ?kqyk;k tkrk gS] ?kqY; ;k foys; dgykrk
gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Solute may exist in solid, liquid, gaseous
state.
?kqY; dk vfLrRo Bksl] nzo] xSlh; ek/;e esa gks
ldrk gSA
Solute exists in lesser proportion.
?kqY; de vuqikr ¼ek=k½ essa jgrk gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Solvent ¼?kksyd ;k foyk;d½

A medium in which solute is dissolved is


called solvent.
og ek/;e ftlesa ?kqY; dks ?kqyk;k tkrk gS] ?kksyd ;k
foyk;d dgykrk gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Solvent may exist in solid, liquid, gaseous
state.
?kksyd dk vfLrRo Bksl] nzo] xSlh; ek/;e esa gks
ldrk gSA
Solvent exist in larger proportion.
?kksyd T;knk vuqikr ¼ek=k½ essa ik;k tkrk gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Solute + Solvent = Solution

?kqY; + ?kksyd = ?kksy


foys; + foyk;d = foy;u

Mass of solute + Mass of solvent = Mass of


solution
?kqY; dk nzO;eku + ?kksyd dk nzO;eku = ?kksy dk nzO;eku

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Mass of solvent = Mass of solution - Mass of
solute

?kksyd dk nzO;eku = ?kksy dk nzO;eku & ?kqY; dk nzO;eku

Mass of solute = Mass of solution - Mass of


solvent

?kqY; dk nzO;eku = ?kksy dk nzO;eku & ?kksyd dk nzO;eku

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Density of solution ¼?kksy dk ?kuRo½

Mass of solution
Density of solution =
Volume of solution

?kksy ;k foy;u dk nzO;eku


?kksy ;k foy;u dk ?kuRo =
?kksy ;k foy;u dk vk;ru

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


msolution
dsolution =
Vsolution

msolution = Vsolution x dsolution

Mass of solution = volume of solution x


density of solution
?kksy dk nzO;eku = ?kksy dk vk;ru X ?kksy dk ?kuRo

msolution
Vsolution =
dsolution

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Components of a Solution ¼?kksy ds vo;o½

Solute, solvent present in a solution is


called components of a solution.
?kksy ;k foy;u esa mifLFkr ?kqY;] ?kksyd dks ml
foy;u dk vo;o dgrs gSaA

Binary solution = Two components present


in the solution.
?kksy esa ;fn nks vo;o dh mifLFkfr gks rks og
Binary solution dgykrk gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Ex. – NaCl in water ¼ued dk tyh; ?kksy½

Ex. – HCl in water ¼HCl dk tyh; ?kksy½

Ternary solution = Three components are


present in the solution.
?kksy esa ;fn rhu vo;oksa dh mifLFkfr gks rks og
Ternary solution dgykrk gSA

Ex. – ORS solution ¼ORS dk ?kksy½

NaCl + Sugar + water ¼ORS dk ?kksy½

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Solution = A homogenous mixture
contains two or more than two components
is called solution.
nks ;k nks ls vf/kd vo;oksa ds lekaxh feJ.k dks
?kksy ;k foy;u dgrs gSaA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Classification of Solution ¼?kksy dk oxhZdj.k½
On the basis of Physical state solution are
classified into eight parts.
vo;oksa dh HkkSfrd voLFkk ds vk/kkj ij foy;uksa dk
oxhZdj.k vkB Hkkxksa esa gksrk gS A

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Binary solution = Solid solution
ck;ujh ?kksy = Bksl foy;u

Solute ¼?kqY;½ Solvent ¼foyk;d½


Solid Solid
¼Bksl½
Liquid

Gas

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Solid solution ¼Bksl foy;u½
A solution in which solvent is in solid state
but solute may be in solid or liquid or
gaseous state is called solid solution.
og foy;u ftlesa ?kksyd Bksl voLFkk esa jgrs gSa rFkk
?kqY; Bksl ;k nzo ;k xSlh; voLFkk esa jgrs gSa] Bksl
foy;u dgykrk gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Solid solution ¼Bksl foy;u½

Solute [S] + Solvent [S] = Solution

Solid + Solid = Solid Solution

Copper (Cu) + Zinc (Zn) = Brass ¼ihry½

Copper (Cu) + Tin (Sn) = Bronze ¼dkWlk½

Copper (Cu) + Zinc (Zn) + Nickel (Ni)


= German Silver ¼teZu flYoj½

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Solid solution ¼Bksl foy;u½
Solute [L] + Solvent [S] = Solution
Liquid + Solid = Solid Solution

Mercury (Hg) + Sodium (Na) = Amalgated


sodium

All alloys are solid solution.


lHkh feJ /kkrq ,d Bksl foy;u gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Solid solution ¼Bksl foy;u½

Solute + Solvent = Solution

Gas + Solid = Solid Solution

Hydrogen (H2) + Palladium (Pd) or


Hydrogen (H2) + Platinum (Pt) or
Hydrogen (H2) + Nickel (Ni) are solid solution.

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Liquid solution ¼rjy foy;u½
A solution in which solvent is in liquid state
but solute may be in solid or liquid or
gaseous state is called liquid solution.
og foy;u ftlesa ?kksyd rjy voLFkk esa jgrs gSa rFkk
?kqY; Bksl ;k nzo ;k xSlh; voLFkk esa jgrs gSa] rjy
foy;u dgykrk gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Binary solution = Liquid solution
ck;ujh ?kksy = rjy foy;u

Solute ¼?kqY;½ Solvent ¼foyk;d½


Solid Liquid
¼ rjy ½
Liquid

Gas

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Liquid solution ¼rjy foy;u½

Solute + Solvent = Solution

Solid + liquid = liquid Solution


Glucose or urea or sugar or salt dissolve
in water is called liquid solution.
Xywdkst ;k ;wfj;k ;k phuh ;k yo.k ds tyh;
foy;u dks rjy foy;u dgrs gSaA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Liquid solution ¼rjy foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution

Liquid + liquid = liquid Solution

Ethanol or methanol in water is called


liquid solution.
bFksukWy ;k feFksukWy ds tyh; foy;u dks rjy
foy;u dgrs gSaA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Liquid solution ¼rjy foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution

Gas + liquid = liquid Solution


Oxygen or Helium or Nitrogen dissolved in
water is called liquid solution.
vkWDlhtu ;k ghfy;e ;k ukbVªkstu ds tyh;
foy;u dks rjy foy;u dgrs gSaA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½
A solution in which solvent is in gaseous
state but solute may be in solid or liquid state
is called gaseous solution.
og foy;u ftlesa ?kksyd xSlh; voLFkk esa jgrs gSa rFkk
?kqY; Bksl ;k nzo voLFkk esa jgrs gSa] xSlh; foy;u
dgykrk gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½

Solute ¼?kqY;½ Solvent ¼foyk;d½

Solid Gas
¼ xSl ½
Liquid

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½

Solute + Solvent = Solution

Solid + gas = Gaseous Solution

Camphor in Nitrogen gas.


ukbVªkstu xSl esa diwj ds [Link]

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½

Solute + Solvent = Solution

Liquid + gas = Gaseous Solution

Chloroform mixed with nitrogen gas.


ukbVªkstu xSl esa DyksjksQkWeZ A

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


Gaseous solution ¼xSlh; foy;u½
Solute + Solvent = Solution

Gas + gas = Gaseous mixture


It is a Mixture. It is not homogenous in
nature.
xSl esa xSl & feJ.k dgykrk gS D;ksafd ;g lekaxh
ugha gksrk gSA

Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)


SANKALP EDUCATION
Class : XII
Unit – SOLUTION
Unit of concentration
Lecture – 1 PDF
Class - XII Topic : Solution (E + H Medium)

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