EE 324L - MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM (LAB)
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Prepared by:
REYCRIS A. MASANQUE
BSEE 3A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Activity 1 - Binary 2
Documentation (Activity 1) 3
Activity 2 - RGB 4
Documentation (Activity 2) 5
Activity 3 - Light Sensor and Servo 6
Documentation (Activity 3) 7
Activity 4 - Water Level Indicator 8
Documentation (Activity 4) 9
INTRODUCTION
This technical report documents a series of individual
activities designed to develop practical skills in electronics
and microcontroller-based systems. Each activity explores a
specific application, using components such as LEDs, sensors,
and servo motors to demonstrate key concepts in digital
electronics and automation.
For each activity, this report includes a brief description,
the list of materials used, the step-by-step procedure
followed, the final output of the project, and the
corresponding code implementation. The activities covered
are: Binary LED Display, RGB LED Control, Light Sensor with
Servo Motor, and Water Level Indicator. These tasks aim to
reinforce theoretical knowledge through hands-on
experimentation and coding practice.
1
Activity 1: Binary
This activity involves using LEDs to represent binary numbers. It
helps understand how binary counting works by turning LEDs on
and off to represent 1s and 0s.
Materials Used:
Arduino board
Breadboard
4 LEDs (preferably same color)
4 Resistors (220Ω)
Jumper wires
Procedure:
1. Connect the LEDs to 4 digital pins on the Arduino through
resistors.
2. Connect the cathodes of the LEDs to the GND rail of the
breadboard.
3. Write a program that displays binary numbers from 0 to 15
using the LEDs.
4. Upload the code to the Arduino and observe how the LEDs turn
on and off to represent binary values.
5. Adjust delay time to better observe the binary transitions.
2
DOCUMENTATION
Activity 1: Binary
Binary
3
Activity 2: RGB
This activity uses an RGB LED to mix red, green, and blue light to
create various colors. It demonstrates how digital signals control
color mixing.
Materials Used:
Arduino board
Common cathode RGB LED
3 Resistors (220Ω)
Breadboard
Jumper wires
Procedure:
1. Connect the red, green, and blue pins of the RGB LED to 3 PWM-
enabled digital pins (e.g., 9, 10, 11) through resistors.
2. Connect the cathode to GND.
3. Write code to change the intensity of each color using
analogWrite() to mix different colors.
4. Upload the code and observe the color changes.
5. Try various combinations to understand how color mixing
works.
4
DOCUMENTATION
Activity 2: RGB
RGB
5
Activity 3: Light Sensor and Servo
This activity controls a servo motor based on the input from a light
sensor (LDR). It simulates a light-tracking mechanism.
Materials Used:
Arduino board
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
10kΩ resistor
Servo motor
Breadboard
Jumper wires
Procedure:
1. Create a voltage divider circuit using the LDR and 10kΩ resistor.
Connect it to an analog pin (e.g., A0).
2. Connect the servo motor's signal pin to a digital PWM pin (e.g.,
pin 9), VCC to 5V, and GND to GND.
3. Write code to read light intensity from the LDR and move the
servo based on the value.
4. Upload the code and test how the servo reacts to different light
levels.
5. Adjust threshold values if needed for better sensitivity.
6
DOCUMENTATION
Activity 3: Light Sensor and Servo
Servo
7
Activity 4: Water Level Indicator
This activity uses conductive probes or wires to detect water levels
and light up LEDs based on how much water is present.
Materials Used:
Arduino board
3–4 wires (to act as water level sensors)
Breadboard
3–4 LEDs
3–4 Resistors (220Ω)
Jumper wires
Container with water
Procedure:
1. Insert the wires vertically into a container, spaced at different
heights to represent different water levels.
2. Connect each wire to a digital input pin on the Arduino and use
a common ground in the water.
3. Connect LEDs to digital output pins to indicate water levels.
4. Write code to turn on the corresponding LED(s) when a
particular wire is in contact with water.
5. Upload the code and observe how LEDs light up based on water
level.
8
DOCUMENTATION
Activity 4: Water Level Indicator