1202 M (Pages: 3) Reg. No. .................

Name ......................

MSc DEGREE EXAMINATION, MARCH 2021

First Semester
MSc Mathematics
BMMM102: Linear Algebra
(2019 Admission onwards)

Time: 3 Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

Part A
Answer any fifteen questions. Each question has 1 mark.

1. Determine whether S = {(x, y) : y = sin x, x ∈ R} is a subspace of R2 (R).

2. Is it true that every non empty subset of linearly dependent vectors is linearly dependent.
3. Which of the following subsets of the vector space Mn (C) over C are its subspaces?

(a) {A = [aij ] ∈ Mn (C) : At = A}.

(b) {A = [aij ] ∈ Mn (C) : a11 = 1}
(c) {A = [aij ] ∈ Mn (C) : tr(A) = 0}
(d) {A = [aij ] ∈ Mn (C) : A is an upper triangualr matrix}.

4. Is the row space of a square matrix is same as its column space? Explain.
5. Check whether W ∩ W ⊥ = {0} for any subspace W of F m .
6. State true/false and justify. For a linear operator T on V , T 2 = 0 on V iff Im(T ) ⊂
Ker(T ).
7. Consider the linear map TA : Mn (F) → Mn (F) defined by TA (x) = Ax. Which of the
following holds true

(a) Ker(T ) = col(A)

(b) Ker(T ) = null(A)
(c) Rank(T ) + nullity(T ) = n
(d) Rank(T ) = Rank(A)

8. Find a linear transformation from R5 to R3 whose image is spanned by (1, 1, 1), (1, 0, −4), (2, 5, 0).
9. Is the vector space of all linear transformations from R3 to R2 is of dimension 5?
10. Is it true that an invertible operator on V cannot be a nilpotent operator.
11. State true/false and justify. Every linear operator on a finite-dimensional vector space
has eigenvectors.
12. Is it true that a non-zero real symmetric matrix is always invertible. Explain.
13. If A ∈ Mn (F ) is diagonalizable, Which of the following is/are true

(a) A has n distinct eigenvalues.

(b) A has n eigenvalues.
(c) A is similar to a diagonal matrix D with number of non zero diagonal elements
equals rank(A).
(d) A has n linearly independent eigen vectors

Turn over
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14. Is it true that for any linear operator T on a vector space V , ker(T ) is a T -invariant
subspace. Explain.
15. Is it true that the minimal polynomial of a non-zero operator cannot be x.
16. Let T be a linear operator on a vector space V ,Which of the following is/are true:
(a) If S is another linear operator on V that commutes with T , then Ker(S) and Im(S)
are T -invariant.
(b) For any polynomial f (x) ∈ F [x], the subspaces kerf (T ) and Im(f (T )) are T -invariant
(c) For an eigenvalue λ of T, the eigenspace W = ker(T − λI) is not T -invariant
(d) Ker(T 2 + I) is T -invariant.
17. Prove or disprove. Matrices having same characteristic polynomial and same minimal
polynomial are similar to same Jordan Canonical form.
18. State true/false and justify. If the minimal polynomial of a linear operator having char-
acteristic polynomial x3 (x − 1)2 is x(x − 1), then its nullity is 5.

(15×1=15)

Part B
Answer any one question from each set. Each question has 15 marks.

19. (A) (a) Let W1 be the subspace of all symmetric matrices and W2 be the subspace of
all skew symmetric matrices of the vector space Mn (F). Show that Mn (F) =
W1 ⊕ W2
(b) Let W1 , W2 , ..., Wk be subspaces of a vector space V and W = W1 +W2 +...+Wk .
Show that the following are equivalent:
(i) Every vector in W can be expressed uniquely as a sum of vectors of the
subspaces W1 , W2 , ..., Wk .
(ii) For the vectors wi ∈ Wi , w1 + w2 + ... + wk = 0 implies wi = 0 for
i = 1, 2, ..., k.
(iii) For each i, i = 1, 2, ..., k, Wi ∩ (W1 + W2 + ... + Wi−1 + Ŵi + ... + Wk ) = {0}
OR
(B) (a) Explain Gram Schmidt Orthogonalization process.  
1 0 2
(b) Determine an orthonormal basis of the column space of the matrix A =  1

1 1 .
−1 −1 0
20. (A) (a) let V be a finite dimensional vector space and {v1 , v2 , ..., vn } be any basis of V .
Prove that a linear map T : V → W is isomorphism if and only if {T v1 , T v2 , ..., T vn }
forms a basis of the vector space W .
(b) Let V and W be vector spaces over the same field F, T : V → W be a linear
map and A be a matrix representation of T with respect to the bases BV of V
and BW of W . Show that the nullity of T equals nullity of A and rank of T
equals rank of A.
(c) For any two vector spaces V and W over the same field F, show that Hom(V, W )
is a vector space over F.
OR
 (Page 3 of 3)

(B) (a) Let V be a vector space and W ⊆ V subspace of V . Define Canonical homomor-
phism of V onto V /W .
(b) Let V and U be vector spaces over a field F and let T : V → U be a linear map.
Prove that V /KerT ∼= ImT .
(c) If T : V → U is an onto linear map, show that V /KerT ∼ =U
21. (A) Let T be a linear operator on a finite dimensional vector space V (F). Let λ1 , λ2 , ..., λk
be the distinct eigen values of T and let W1 , W2 , ..., Wk be the corresponding eigenspaces
of T . Prove that the following are equivalent.
(a) T is diagonalizable over F.
(b) Characteristic polynomial of T factors completely into linear factors over F as
(x − λ1 )d1 (x − λ2 )d2 ...(x − λk )dk where dj = dim(Wj ) for j = 1, 2, ..., k.
(c) The sum of the geometric multiplicities of the distinct eigenvalues of T equals
dim(V ).
(d) dim(V ) = dim(W1 ) + dim(W2 ) + ... + dim(Wk ).
(e) V = W1 ⊕ W2 ⊕ ... ⊕ .Wk

OR

(B) Let A be a real symmetric matrix of order n.

(a) Show that A has n real eigenvalues, counting multiplicities and for each such
eigenvalues A has real eigenvectors.
(b) Prove that eigenvectors belonging to distinct eigenvalues of A are orthogonal.
22. (A) Let T be a nilpotent operator of index r and nullity m on a finite dimensional vector
space V , Ki = ker(T i ), qi = dim(Ki /Ki−1 ), 0 ≤ i ≤ r and sr = qr , si = qi − qi+1
0≤i≤r−1
(a) Show that for i = 1, 2, ..., r − 1, dim(Ki /Ki−1 ) ≥ dim(Ki+1 /Ki ).
(b) Prove that there exists m vectors v1 , v2 , ..., vm in V such that exactly si of these
vectors are in the difference Ki − Ki−1 for i = 1, 2, ..., r and the non-zero vectors
of the form T k vj , for k ≥ 0, 1 ≤ j ≤ m forms a basis of Kr = V .

OR

(B) (a) Suppose that a matrix A ∈ M14 (C) has 0 as its only eigenvalues. If rank(A) = 9,
rank(A2 ) = 5, rank(A3 ) = 3, rank(A4 ) = 1 and rank(A5 ) = 0. Determine the
Jordan form of A.
(b) Find all possible Jordan forms of matrices in M7 (C) having 1 as their only eigen-
value.

(4×15=60)