MODULE 1 ICEBERG THEORY
IMPORTANCE OF OSH IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 1. Direct Cost
• Medical expenses
OSH (Occupational Safety and Health) • Equipment Damage
- Discipline dealing with the prevention of work-related injuries and
• Wasted Raw Materials
diseases as well as the protection and promotion of the health of
workers. • Insurance Premiums
• Litigation Expenses
IMPORTANCE
1. OSH focuses on protecting employees in the workplace from 2. Indirect Cost
accidents, injuries, and exposure to harmful substances. The employer A. Costs related to the Injured Worker:
has a responsibility to maintain a safe work environment. • Lesser productivity on the day of the injury due to the
2. Failing to implement effective OSH policies and precautions can lead interruption
to: • Loss in overall efficiency due to the worker's reduced capacity
- Injuries to workers
after the injury
- Reduced productivity due to worker absences or loss of skilled labor
• Loss of income for the injured worker
- Workers' compensation claims
- Potential penalties from the Department of Labor and Employment B. Costs related to Other Employees:
(DOLE) • Loss of productivity due to:
- Work stoppage out of curiosity when the accident
Reasons occurs
Moral Reasons: - Assisting the injured worker
• It is unacceptable for workers to suffer injury or ill health from - Inspection and investigation processes
their jobs. • Loss in efficiency among other workers out of sympathy for the
• Demonstrating care for workers’ health and safety leads to a injured colleague
happier, more productive workforce. • Additional costs to complete the work that was interrupted by
Legal Reasons: the accident
• The OSH Standards are mandatory rules under the Labor Code C. Supervisors lost productivity:
of the Philippines. • when assisting the injured due to accident investigation in
• Compliance is required by law. preparing reports during inspection
Financial Reasons: D. Replacement worker
• Managing OSH can reduce the likelihood of fines, claims, and • hiring or training
insurance costs. E. Equipment downtime
• Safer, more efficient work practices can save money. F. Humane Aspects
• A reputation for health and safety can help with business • Sorrow due to loss
opportunities, retention, and recruitment. • Hardships and inconveniences
• Physical pain/discomfort
MAIN FOCUS OF OSH • Psychological problems
1. People
2. Environment IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF AN ACCIDENT
3. Materials A. Unsafe/ Unhealthy Acts
4. Equipment
• Operating without authority
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE OCCURRENCE OF ACCIDENTS • Failure to warn or secure
1. Fall from heights is the predominant cause of accidents. • Operating at improper speed
2. Lack of adequate supervision for workers working at heights. • Making safety devices inoperable
3. Workers lack awareness and training on occupational safety and • Using defective equipment
health (OSH) practices. • Using equipment improperly
4. Due to limited training, workers engage in unsafe behaviors such as: • Failure to use PPE
• Building improper temporary structures • Improper loading or placement
• Tolerating improperly guarded floors • Improper lifting
• Working with unstable/unsecured scaffolding • Taking improper position
• Using defective equipment • Servicing equipment in motion
5. Accident reports often lack relevant information. • Horseplay
6. Proper accident investigations are rarely conducted. • Working under drugs/liquor
B. Unsafe/ Unhealthy Conditions
• Inadequate guards/protection
• Defective tools, equipment
MODULE 2
• Congestion
UNSAFE ACTS/ UNSAFE CONDITIONS
• Inadequate warning systems
Safety - freedom from accidents; absence of hazardous conditions and • Fire and explosion hazards
acts • Poor housekeeping
Health - freedom from illness; state of wellness, not just absence of • Hazardous atmospheric condition
disease • Excessive noise
Hazard - the potential of an act or condition that can lead to an accident • Radiation exposure
Risk - the chance of physical or personal loss; it is the probability of the • Inadequate illumination/ventilation
hazard to cause Harm and its consequences.
Accidents - An accident is an unexpected, unforeseen, unplanned and Domino Theory (Herbert William Heinrich,1931)
unwanted occurrence or event that causes damage or loss of materials or 2% - non-preventable
properties, injury or death. 98% - preventable
Near Miss - A disruption in the normal process which does not results to 88% - unsafe/unhealthy acts
injury or equipment damage 10% - unsafe/unhealthy conditions
UNDERLYING CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
1. Lack of Safety Awareness
2. Lack of Skill
3. Shortcut or Deviation from the Standard & Procedures
4. Rushing
5. Fatigue
6. Frustration
7. Complacency or Over Confidence
If PPE is lost/ damage
- article 114 labor code of the Philippines
Policy for PPE ROLES OF SAFETY OFFICER
NRR – Noise Reduction Rating Safety officer
- employee of the company
- who looks after the safety aspects of an organization
Rule 1047 OSH Standard
Safety Man OSH STANDARD (1989)
- act as the employer’s principal and consultant
- para knowledgeable, attend training
- para knowledgeable, magbasa ng batas at I share sa employer
- conduct investigation of accidents
- conduct training
Safety Inspection Program - provides assistance to government agencies
Safety officer (new) Safety Officer DO 198-2018 (2018)
- review their accident record - Issue Work stoppage Order/ has the power to stop the operation
Without minimum years of experience
SO1 – 8 hr mandatory orientation
SO2 – 40 hr OSH training
2 years of minimum experience
SO3 – attends advance training
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS 4 years minimum experience
Lessons: SO4
- Rule 1053: within 24hrs nag investigate na
Considering factors at the scene during investigation Become an effective Safety Officer
1. physical environment - dapat may proper correction sa mga tao
- floor condition - magkaron ka ng reward system sa workplace
- build strong communication
Methods in conducting accident investigation - merong plano
1. Fault tree analysis – traces all branches of events - earn the respect of the employees
2. Why-Why analysis – 5 whys
3. Fishbone analysis – cause and effect diagram - document your findings (inspection report)
w/ documentation, don’t capture faces
Rule 1050- Notification and keeping of records of work-related
accident/illness
TOOLBOX MEETING
- time: 10 to 15 minutes safety and health awareness meeting, conduct
the meeting at the beginning of the shift, after lunch or after break
- who holds the meeting: supervisor, foreman, leadman (pm, safety
officer)
WAIR – submitted every 30th of the month - topics: work practices, reminders, appropriate attitudes, accidents,
AEDR – once a year (Fr/Sr) encourage associates to suggest topics, comments from employees
RSO – yearly - area: shaded area
MoM – quarterly
AMR - once a year
WORKPLACE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
Frequency and Severity Rate (FR/SR) - nobody expects an emergency or disaster
- indicators kung ano po ang status ng health and safety sa inyung
workplace na nirereport kay DOLE every year Emergency
- a sudden, unexpected event that requires immediate action to protect
Computations: life, property, and the environment.
Disaster
- the result of a calamitous event causing massive death, injury or
damage
No. of disabling injury/ illness – number of people
1,000,000 – constant/ standard number
Employees- hours exposure – ilang oras nag expose
classifies workplaces as low, medium, or high risk based on the
level of danger or exposure to safety and health hazards
Nature of Emergency Management: Compensable Diseases
1. Review Hazards Compensable- dapat nakuha sa trabaho
- by investigation - or naa sa 33 compensable diseases
2. Evaluation of resources
- equip companies w/ supplies and materials for emergency
preparedness
3. Emergency Prevention
4. Pre-planning before an emergency
Emergency preparedness
- meron kang manual or booklet
ERP (Emergency Response Plan)
DOST
NDRRMC
PHILVOCS
Compensable Injury
EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION PROGRAM (ECP)
ECC BENEFITS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LEGISLATION
Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)
RA 11058 – new law
SAFETY OFFICER