Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of six players are

separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on

the other team's court under organized rules .[FIVB]

History

On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA), William G.

Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game
called Mintonette as a pastime to be played preferably indoors and by
any number of players.

The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), was founded in

1947, and the first World Championships were held in 1949 for men
and 1952 for women.

The sport was officially included in the program for the 1964 Summer
Olympics.

Beach volleyball, a variation of the game played on sand and with only
two players per team, became a FIVB-endorsed variation in 1987 and
was added to the Olympic program at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Volleyball is also a sport at the Paralympics managed by the World

Organization Volleyball for Disabled.

How to play Volleyball

A player on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball, from
behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the
receiving team's court.

The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court.
They may touch the ball as many as three times.

The rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three

consecutive touches

The team that wins the rally is awarded a point, and serves the ball to
start the next rally.

The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points (and be two
points ahead) awarded the set. Matches are best-of-five sets and the
fifth set (if necessary) is usually played to 15 points.

The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally
strike or push (short contact) the ball with any part of the body.
Equipment

Ball: made of leather or synthetic leather, have a circumference of 65-67

cm, a weight of 260-280 g and an inside pressure of 0.30-0.325 kg/cm2.

Net: one-meter wide net placed so that the top of the net is 2.43 meters
for men's competition, and 2.24 meters for women's competition.

Court

The court

A court 18 meters long and 9 meters wide, divided into two 9 m×9m
halves by a net.

"Attack line" This "3 meter" line divides the court into "back row" and
"front row" areas (also back court and front court).

"Free Zone" which is a minimum of 3 meters wide and which the players
may enter and play within after the service of the ball. If a ball comes in
contact with the line, the ball is considered to be "in".

An antenna is placed on each side of the net perpendicular to the

sideline and is a vertical extension of the side boundary of the court. A
ball passing over the net must pass completely between the antennae
without contacting them.

Common faults

Causing the ball to touch the ground outside the opponents' court or
without first passing over the net.

Catching and throwing the ball

Double hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same
player.

Four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team.

Net foul: touching the net during play.

Skills and Techniques

Skill- It is a action that we use in an activity.

e.g. service, pass, set, etc

Technique- It is the way in which a skill is performed

e.g. Line and Cross-court Shot, Dump etc.

Skills

Competitive team master six basic skills:

Serve

Pass

Set

Attack

Block

Dig

Serve

A player stands behind the inline and serves the ball, in an attempt to
drive it into the opponent's court.

"ace" when the ball lands directly into the court or travels outside the
court after being touched by an opponent.

Types of serves:

Underhand:

Sky Ball Serve:

Topspin:

Float:

Jump Serve:

Jump Float:
Set- It is usually the second contact.

The main goal of setting is to put the ball in the air in such a way
that it can be driven by an attack into the opponent's court.

The setter coordinates the offensive movements of a team.

Overhand and Bump Set.

"Dump" When the setter tries to play it directly onto the opponent's
court.

Pass

"Reception", is usually the first contact.

The main goal of passing is to prevent the ball from touching the
court, and also making it reach the position where the setter is
standing quickly and precisely.

The skill of passing involves fundamentally two specific techniques:

underarm pass (bump), where the ball touches the inside part of the
joined forearms or platform, at waist line.

overhand pass, where it is handled with the fingertips, like a set, above
the head.

Attack

"Spike" is usually the third contact.

The object of attacking is to handle the ball so that it lands on the

opponent's court and cannot be defended.

Ideally the contact with the ball is made at the apex of the hitter's jump.

The hitter uses arm swing, wrist snap, and a rapid forward
contraction of the entire body to drive the ball.

A 'bounce' /A "kill"
Attacking techniques:

Backcourt (or backrow)/pipe attack:

Line and Cross-court Shot.

Cut shot.

Dip/Dink/Tip/Cheat/Dump

Tool/Wipe/Block-abuse:

Off-speed hit:

Quick hit/"One":

Slide:

Double quick hit/"Stack"/"Tandem"

Block

Blocking refers to the actions taken by players standing at the net to stop
or alter an opponent's attack.

The jump should be timed so as to intercept the ball's trajectory prior to it

crossing over the net.

A "roof" offensive block, A "soft" defensive block

Single (or solo), double, or triple block.

The block position influences the positions where other defenders place
themselves while opponent hitters are spiking.

Dig

Digging is the ability to prevent the ball from touching one's court after a
spike or attack, particularly a ball that is nearly touching the ground.

This skill is similar to passing, or bumpingarms.

"dive", "pancake".
Players

Setters. They aim for second touch and their main responsibility is to
place the ball in the air where the attackers can place the ball into the
opponents' court for a point. Setters need to have swift and skillful
appraisal and tactical accuracy, and must be quick at moving around the
court.

Liberos are defensive players who are responsible for receiving the
attack or serve. They are usually the players on the court with the
quickest reaction time and best passing skills.

Middle blockers or Middle hitters are players that can perform very
fast attacks that usually take place near the setter. They are specialized in
blocking.

Outside hitters or Left side hitters attack from near the left antenna.
The outside hitter is usually the most consistent hitter on the team and
gets the most sets.

Opposite hitters or Right side hitters carry the defensive workload for
a volleyball team in the front row. Their primary responsibilities are to put
up a well formed block against the opponents Outside Hitters and serve as
a backup setter.

Special Hits in Volleyball

Pump cake

Back row spike

Tip

Formation

The formation as "4-2", "6-2" and "5-1", refers to the number of hitters
and setters respectively. 4-2 is a basic formation used only in beginners'
play, while 5-1 is by far the most common formation in high-level play.
4-2

Four hitters and two setters. The setters usually set from the middle
front or right front position. The team will therefore have two front-row
attackers at all times.

6-2

The 6-2 formation is a 4-2 system, but the back-row setter penetrates
to set.

The advantage of the 6-2 is that there are always three front-row hitters
available, maximizing the offensive possibilities.

5-1

The 5-1 formation has only one player who assumes setting
responsibilities regardless of his or her position in the rotation.

The player opposite the setter in a 5-1 rotation is called the opposite
hitter.

The 5-1 offense is actually a mix of 6-2 and 4-2: when the setter is in the
front row, the offense looks like a 4-2; when the setter is in the back row,
the offense looks like a 6-2.

How to play defense in Volleyball

Semicircle

Rotation

How to train for Volleyball

Volleyball conditioning drills

Strength/Power (Making muscles stronger.)

Quickness (Making muscles faster.)

Stability and Strong Core

Powerful
Conditioning (endurance)

Agility

Flexibility

Volleyball safety tips

Top 10 Rules of Volleyball

10. Practice Teamwork

9. Serve the Ball in Bounds.

8. Stay Out of the Net

7. Four Hits is One Too Many.

6. All Third Hits Go Over the Net

5. Cover Your Hitter (Leave no Open Court)

4. "Talk it Up' on the Court

3. Move Your Feet.

2. Do Not Let the Ball Hit the Floor and the #1 Rute in Volleyball is...
Bump, Set, Spike

Front Row : Hitters and Blockers

Right/Back (2): This position is normally played by the setter if there are
two setters playing.

Middle (3): This hitter is normally tall and able to block the other teams'
spikes.

Ouside(4): This hitter is not necessarily tall, but powerful.

Back Row

The Back Row players mainly play defense. When the other team
hits/spikes or returns the ball in any form, the back row is mainly the
recipient. These players focus on passing to the setter so that the ball can
be set up to hit.

Setter
In volleyball, the setter plays the role of "setting" the ball into the correct
area so that the hitter can make a clear and effective hit/spike. The setter
usually takes the second hit so that a play consists of a pass, set, and
then a spike.

Libero

The libero is a defensive specialist. This player typically wears the same
jersey but is opposite the color that the entire team is wearing. This is to
indicate to the referees that he/she is the libero. The libero has special
substitution privileges and is preferred to receive the team's hit/spike.