AY YIL

ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND
OCEAN ENGINEERING

GEM328E SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS

(PROPULSION)
HOMEWORK II: NACA PROFILE PRESSURE
CALCULATIONS

GÖRKEM EKER 080210119

EMİN KORKUT

25 MAY 2025
 Abstract

The objective of this assignment is to merge two NACA aerofoil sections each pair
consisting of a basic thickness form and a mean line form and to analyze the resulting pressure
and velocity distributions around the combined profile, including the identification of the most
critical location where cavitation is most likely to occur.

I. Introduction

The NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) airfoil series are
systematically developed profiles used in aerodynamic and hydrodynamic applications such
as aircraft wings, propellers, and hydrofoils. The most common series include the 4-digit, 5-
digit, and 6-digit profiles. The 4-digit series defines basic camber and thickness distribution,
suitable for general use. The 5-digit series introduces refined camber for improved lift
characteristics. The 6-digit series is optimized for extended laminar flow, offering lower
drag. Each profile is defined by a combination of a mean line (which determines camber and
lift) and a thickness distribution (which affects structural strength and flow behavior).

II. Pressure Estimation Around NACA Foils

 If the airfoil’s thickness-to-chord ratio (t/c) matches that of a standard NACA profile, the
velocity distribution (v/V) at zero lift angle can be directly obtained from NACA tables.
Otherwise, the (v/V) values can be determined by applying a linear scaling method provided by
NACA. Where t1 is the nearest thickness ratio given in the series and t2 is the actual or desired
thickness ratio.

 The load distribution values (Δv/V) for the mean line at its ideal angle of attack can be
directly taken from the relevant NACA table if the foil has the same camber-to-chord
ratio (f/c) as defined in the series. If the camber ratio differs, the values for ideal lift
coefficient (CLi), ideal angle of attack (αi), moment coefficient about the quarter-chord
point (cmc/4), and the Δv/V distribution are adjusted using a camber scale factor (Sc).
  The velocity increments (representing the additional load distribution) caused by a
change in angle of attack are calculated as follows: if the actual foil has a different
thickness ratio than that specified in the NACA series, the values of Δva/V are scaled by
interpolating the corresponding Δva/V values from the NACA data using the appropriate
relationship. Subscripts 1 represents the NACA data for the thickness ratio given in the
NACA series smaller than the thickness of the actual foil, 2 represents the actual foil and
3 represents the NACA data for the thickness ratio given in the NACA series bigger than
the thickness of actual foil.

 These values of velocity increment in the NACA series were originally calculated at an
additional lift coefficient of approximately unity. Therefore, they must be scaled by the
additional scale factor given by:

Here, CL represents the target lift coefficient, CLi is the ideal lift coefficient, and CLg is the lift
coefficient used in the original calculation of Δva/V values. Similarly, α denotes the intended
angle of attack, αi is the ideal angle of attack, and αg is the angle at which the Δva/V values were
initially determined.

 Velocity distributions at upper and lower parts at an angle of attack are calculated by
following relationships:
  Pressure distribution in terms of non-dimensional pressure coefficient CP is calculated on
both sides by following formula:

III. Method of Combining Mean Lines and Thickness Distributions

 Cambered wing sections in all NACA families are created by combining a mean line
with a thickness distribution, as shown in F. The leading and trailing edges
correspond to the front and rear ends of the mean line, while the chord line
connects these two points. The cambered section’s ordinates are found by
projecting the thickness distribution perpendicular to the mean line. The mean
line’s abscissas, ordinates, and slopes are denoted as Xc, Ye, and tan θ, respectively.

 For a point on the upper surface, with coordinates (Xu, Yu), and a symmetrical
thickness ordinate yₜ at the chordwise position x, the upper surface coordinates are
calculated using these values:

𝑋𝑈 = 𝑥 − 𝑦𝑡 × sin 𝜃
𝑦𝑈 = 𝑦𝑐 + 𝑦𝑡 × sin 𝜃
  The corresponding expressions for the lower-surface coordinates are:

𝑥𝐿 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑡 sin 𝜃
𝑦𝐿 = 𝑦𝑐 − 𝑦𝑡 cos 𝜃

 The thickness distribution for the NACA four-digit sections was selected to correspond
closely to that for these wing sections and is given by the following equation:

IV. Calculations

1. Calculate the pressure distributions around a NACA 0015 basic thickness form
profile combined with a=0.8 mean line form at a α=3 degrees of angle of attack and
find the most dangerous position for cavitation on the profile. Calculate and draw the
profile of the combined forms.

NACA 0015
tma x/c 0.15

a=0.8 mean line form

Induced Angle αi 1.54°
fma x/c 6.79
Position of f ma x/c 50%
Angle of attack 3°
Combined Form
SC 1
SA 0.160107
 NACA BASIC THICKNESS 0015
x/c y/c (y/c )/100 (x/c) /100 ∆v/V ∆vA/V
0 0 0 0 0 1.6
0.5 2.1948 0.021948 0.005 0.739 1.312
0.75 2.2522 0.022522 0.0075 0.8146 1.2453
1.25 2.367 0.02367 0.0125 0.966 1.112
2.5 3.268 0.03268 0.025 1.112 0.9
5 4.443 0.04443 0.05 1.204 0.675
7.5 5.25 0.0525 0.075 1.224 0.557
10 5.853 0.05853 0.1 1.233 0.479
15 6.682 0.06682 0.15 1.233 0.381
20 7.172 0.07172 0.2 1.229 0.32
25 7.427 0.07427 0.25 1.218 0.274
30 7.502 0.07502 0.3 1.204 0.239
35 7.378 0.07378 0.35 1.187 0.212
40 7.254 0.07254 0.4 1.17 0.185
45 6.9355 0.069355 0.45 1.15 0.165
50 6.617 0.06617 0.5 1.131 0.146
55 6.1605 0.061605 0.55 1.114 0.13
60 5.704 0.05704 0.6 1.098 0.115
65 5.142 0.05142 0.65 1.081 0.1025
70 4.58 0.0458 0.7 1.064 0.09
75 3.9295 0.039295 0.75 1.044 0.0775
80 3.279 0.03279 0.8 1.024 0.065
85 2.5445 0.025445 0.85 0.998 0.053
90 1.81 0.0181 0.9 0.972 0.041
95 1.008 0.01008 0.95 0.934 0.027
100 0.158 0.00158 1 0 0
a= 0.8 Mean Line
x/c y/c (x/c) /100 (y/c) /100 ∆v/V
0 0 0 0 0.278
0.5 0.287 0.005 0.00287 0.278
0.75 0.404 0.0075 0.00404 0.278
1.25 0.616 0.0125 0.00616 0.278
2.5 1.077 0.025 0.01077 0.278
5 1.841 0.05 0.01841 0.278
7.5 2.483 0.075 0.02483 0.278
10 3.043 0.1 0.03043 0.278
15 3.985 0.15 0.03985 0.278
20 4.748 0.2 0.04748 0.278
25 5.367 0.25 0.05367 0.278
30 5.863 0.3 0.05863 0.278
35 6.248 0.35 0.06248 0.278
40 6.528 0.4 0.06528 0.278
45 6.709 0.45 0.06709 0.278
50 6.79 0.5 0.0679 0.278
55 6.77 0.55 0.0677 0.278
60 6.664 0.6 0.06664 0.278
65 6.405 0.65 0.06405 0.278
70 6.037 0.7 0.06037 0.278
75 5.514 0.75 0.05514 0.278
80 4.771 0.8 0.04771 0.278
85 3.683 0.85 0.03683 0.208
90 2.435 0.9 0.02435 0.139
95 1.163 0.95 0.01163 0.069
100 0 1 0 0
 Pressure Distrubition
(∆v/V)SC (∆vA/V)SA (v/V)U (v/V)L CPU CPL
0.278 0.256171 0.534171 -0.53417 0.714661 0.714661
0.278 0.21006 1.22706 0.25094 -0.50568 0.937029
0.278 0.199381 1.291981 0.337219 -0.66922 0.886283
0.278 0.178039 1.422039 0.509961 -1.02219 0.73994
0.278 0.144096 1.534096 0.689904 -1.35345 0.524033
0.278 0.108072 1.590072 0.817928 -1.52833 0.330994
0.278 0.08918 1.59118 0.85682 -1.53185 0.265859
0.278 0.076691 1.587691 0.878309 -1.52076 0.228574
0.278 0.061001 1.572001 0.893999 -1.47119 0.200765
0.278 0.051234 1.558234 0.899766 -1.42809 0.190422
0.278 0.043869 1.539869 0.896131 -1.3712 0.19695
0.278 0.038266 1.520266 0.887734 -1.31121 0.211928
0.278 0.033943 1.498943 0.875057 -1.24683 0.234275
0.278 0.02962 1.47762 0.86238 -1.18336 0.2563
0.278 0.026418 1.454418 0.845582 -1.11533 0.28499
0.278 0.023376 1.432376 0.829624 -1.0517 0.311723
0.278 0.020814 1.412814 0.815186 -0.99604 0.335472
0.278 0.018412 1.394412 0.801588 -0.94439 0.357457
0.278 0.016411 1.375411 0.786589 -0.89176 0.381278
0.278 0.01441 1.35641 0.77159 -0.83985 0.404648
0.278 0.012408 1.334408 0.753592 -0.78065 0.4321
0.278 0.010407 1.312407 0.735593 -0.72241 0.458903
0.208 0.008486 1.214486 0.781514 -0.47498 0.389235
0.139 0.006564 1.117564 0.826436 -0.24895 0.317004
0.069 0.004323 1.007323 0.860677 -0.0147 0.259235
0 0 0 0 1 1

Pressure Distrubition
-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0

0.5

1.5

CPU CPL
 Combined Form
(x/c) /100 (y/c) /100 yt dyc/dx θ(RAD) θ(°) sinθ cosθ xupper yupper xl ower yl ower (yu +Yl )/2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0.005 0.00287 0.015266 0.48535 0.451859 25.88962 0.436639 0.899637 -0.00167 0.016604 0.011666 -0.01086 0.00287
0.0075 0.00404 0.018561 0.44925 0.42223 24.192 0.409796 0.912177 -0.00011 0.020971 0.015106 -0.01289 0.00404
0.0125 0.00616 0.023674 0.40359 0.383597 21.97851 0.374259 0.927324 0.00364 0.028113 0.02136 -0.01579 0.00616
0.025 0.01077 0.032684 0.34104 0.32867 18.83143 0.322785 0.946472 0.01445 0.041705 0.03555 -0.02016 0.01077
0.05 0.01841 0.044434 0.27718 0.270392 15.49231 0.267109 0.963666 0.038131 0.061229 0.061869 -0.02441 0.01841
0.075 0.02483 0.052499 0.23868 0.234296 13.4242 0.232159 0.972678 0.062812 0.075894 0.087188 -0.02623 0.02483
0.1 0.03043 0.058535 0.2105 0.207471 11.88721 0.205986 0.978555 0.087943 0.087709 0.112057 -0.02685 0.03043
0.15 0.03985 0.066815 0.16892 0.16734 9.587893 0.16656 0.986031 0.138871 0.105731 0.161129 -0.02603 0.03985
0.2 0.04748 0.071719 0.13734 0.136486 7.820079 0.136063 0.9907 0.190242 0.118532 0.209758 -0.02357 0.04748
0.25 0.05367 0.074266 0.11101 0.110557 6.334469 0.110332 0.993895 0.241806 0.127482 0.258194 -0.02014 0.05367
0.3 0.05863 0.075022 0.08775 0.087526 5.014859 0.087414 0.996172 0.293442 0.133364 0.306558 -0.0161 0.05863
0.35 0.06248 0.074358 0.06634 0.066243 3.795441 0.066194 0.997807 0.345078 0.136675 0.354922 -0.01171 0.06248
0.4 0.06528 0.072538 0.04601 0.045978 2.634321 0.045961 0.998943 0.396666 0.137741 0.403334 -0.00718 0.06528
0.45 0.06709 0.069759 0.02613 0.026124 1.496798 0.026121 0.999659 0.448178 0.136825 0.451822 -0.00265 0.06709
0.5 0.0679 0.066175 0.0062 0.0062 0.355229 0.0062 0.999981 0.49959 0.134074 0.50041 0.001726 0.0679
0.55 0.0677 0.061905 -0.01433 -0.01433 -0.82099 -0.01433 0.999897 0.550887 0.129599 0.549113 0.005801 0.0677
0.6 0.06664 0.057042 -0.03611 -0.03609 -2.06805 -0.03609 0.999349 0.602058 0.123645 0.597942 0.009635 0.06664
0.65 0.06405 0.051656 -0.0601 -0.06003 -3.43934 -0.05999 0.998199 0.653099 0.115613 0.646901 0.012487 0.06405
0.7 0.06037 0.045799 -0.0879 -0.08767 -5.02339 -0.08756 0.996159 0.70401 0.105993 0.69599 0.014747 0.06037
0.75 0.05514 0.039504 -0.12311 -0.12249 -7.01837 -0.12219 0.992507 0.754827 0.094348 0.745173 0.015932 0.05514
0.8 0.04771 0.032789 -0.18412 -0.18208 -10.4325 -0.18108 0.983469 0.805937 0.079957 0.794063 0.015463 0.04771
0.85 0.03683 0.025657 -0.23921 -0.2348 -13.4529 -0.23265 0.972561 0.855969 0.061783 0.844031 0.011877 0.03683
0.9 0.02435 0.018096 -0.25583 -0.25046 -14.3502 -0.24785 0.968799 0.904485 0.041882 0.895515 0.006818 0.02435
0.95 0.01163 0.010082 -0.24904 -0.24407 -13.9845 -0.24166 0.970361 0.952436 0.021413 0.947564 0.001847 0.01163
1 0 0.001575 -0.20385 -0.20109 -11.5219 -0.19974 0.979849 1.000315 0.001543 0.999685 -0.00154 0

Combined Form
0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
-0.02

-0.04
2. Calculate the pressure distributions around a NACA 66-011 basic thickness form
profile combined with a=0.8 (modified) mean line form at a α =4 degrees of angle of
attack and find the most dangerous position for cavitation on the profile. Calculate
and draw the profile of the combined forms.

NACA 66-011
tma x/c 0.11

a=0.8 mean line form

Induced Angle αi 1.4°
fma x/c 6.508
Position of f ma x/c 60%
Angle of attack 4°
Combined Form
SC 1
SA 0.285122

NACA 66-011 Calculation

NACA Series 66-010 66-010 66-012 66-012 66-011 66-011
(x/c) /100 v/V ∆va/V v/V ∆va/V v/V ∆va/V
0 0 3.002 0 2.569 0 2.7855
0.005 0.947 2.012 0.894 1.847 0.9205 1.9295
0.0075 0.986 1.686 0.957 1.575 0.9715 1.6305
0.0125 1.011 1.296 0.99 1.237 1.0005 1.2665
0.025 1.038 0.931 1.036 0.913 1.037 0.922
0.05 1.061 0.682 1.067 0.674 1.064 0.678
0.075 1.074 0.551 1.085 0.549 1.0795 0.55
0.1 1.084 0.473 1.097 0.473 1.0905 0.473
0.15 1.095 0.379 1.112 0.38 1.1035 0.3795
0.2 1.102 0.322 1.122 0.323 1.112 0.3225
0.25 1.107 0.279 1.129 0.28 1.118 0.2795
0.3 1.112 0.246 1.134 0.246 1.123 0.246
0.35 1.115 0.22 1.139 0.221 1.127 0.2205
0.4 1.118 0.198 1.142 0.197 1.13 0.1975
0.45 1.12 0.178 1.145 0.176 1.1325 0.177
0.5 1.123 0.161 1.148 0.162 1.1355 0.1615
0.55 1.125 0.146 1.15 0.147 1.1375 0.1465
0.6 1.127 0.13 1.154 0.132 1.1405 0.131
0.65 1.118 0.114 1.141 0.113 1.1295 0.1135
0.7 1.091 0.099 1.105 0.098 1.098 0.0985
0.75 1.059 0.085 1.067 0.084 1.063 0.0845
0.8 1.026 0.07 1.026 0.069 1.026 0.0695
0.85 0.989 0.056 0.984 0.053 0.9865 0.0545
0.9 0.951 0.043 0.938 0.04 0.9445 0.0415
0.95 0.906 0.027 0.888 0.031 0.897 0.029
1 0.854 0 0.829 0 0.8415 0
 a= 0.8 Mean Line Modified
(x/c) /100 (y/c) /100 ∆v/V
0 0 0
0.005 0.00281 0.273
0.0075 0.00396 0.273
0.0125 0.00503 0.273
0.025 0.01055 0.273
0.05 0.01803 0.273
0.075 0.02432 0.273
0.1 0.02981 0.273
0.15 0.03903 0.274
0.2 0.04651 0.274
0.25 0.05257 0.274
0.3 0.05742 0.274
0.35 0.0612 0.275
0.4 0.06394 0.275
0.45 0.06571 0.275
0.5 0.06651 0.276
0.55 0.06631 0.276
0.6 0.06508 0.276
0.65 0.06274 0.277
0.7 0.05913 0.277
0.75 0.05401 0.278
0.8 0.04673 0.278
0.85 0.03607 0.21
0.9 0.02452 0.147
0.95 0.01226 0.092
1 0 0

Pressure Distrubition
(∆v/V)SC (∆vA/V)SA (v/V)U (v/V)L CPU CPL
0 0.794207 0.794207 -0.79421 0.369235 0.369235
0.273 0.550143 1.743643 0.097357 -2.04029 0.990522
0.273 0.464891 1.709391 0.233609 -1.92202 0.945427
0.273 0.361107 1.634607 0.366393 -1.67194 0.865756
0.273 0.262882 1.572882 0.501118 -1.47396 0.748881
0.273 0.193313 1.530313 0.597687 -1.34186 0.64277
0.273 0.156817 1.509317 0.649683 -1.27804 0.577912
0.273 0.134863 1.498363 0.682637 -1.24509 0.534006
0.274 0.108204 1.485704 0.721296 -1.20732 0.479732
0.274 0.091952 1.477952 0.746048 -1.18434 0.443412
0.274 0.079692 1.471692 0.764308 -1.16588 0.415833
0.274 0.07014 1.46714 0.77886 -1.1525 0.393377
0.275 0.062869 1.464869 0.789131 -1.14584 0.377273
0.275 0.056312 1.461312 0.798688 -1.13543 0.362097
0.275 0.050467 1.457967 0.807033 -1.12567 0.348697
0.276 0.046047 1.457547 0.813453 -1.12444 0.338295
0.276 0.04177 1.45527 0.81973 -1.11781 0.328043
0.276 0.037351 1.453851 0.827149 -1.11368 0.315824
0.277 0.032361 1.438861 0.820139 -1.07032 0.327373
0.277 0.028085 1.403085 0.792915 -0.96865 0.371285
0.278 0.024093 1.365093 0.760907 -0.86348 0.42102
0.278 0.019816 1.323816 0.728184 -0.75249 0.469748
0.21 0.015539 1.212039 0.760961 -0.46904 0.420939
0.147 0.011833 1.103333 0.785667 -0.21734 0.382727
0.092 0.008269 0.997269 0.796731 0.005455 0.365219
0 0 0.8415 0.8415 0.291878 0.291878
 Combined Form
(x/c) /100 (y/c) /100 yt dyc/dx θ(RAD) θ(°) sinθ cosθ xupper yupper xl ower yl ower (yu +Yl )/2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0.005 0.00281 0.011195 0.47539 0.443766 25.42595 0.429344 0.903141 0.000193 0.012921 0.009807 -0.0073 0.00281
0.0075 0.00396 0.013611 0.44004 0.41454 23.75141 0.402769 0.915302 0.002018 0.016418 0.012982 -0.0085 0.00396
0.0125 0.00603 0.017361 0.39531 0.376457 21.56938 0.367628 0.929973 0.006118 0.022175 0.018882 -0.01012 0.00603
0.025 0.01055 0.023968 0.33404 0.322386 18.47138 0.316831 0.948482 0.017406 0.033283 0.032594 -0.01218 0.01055
0.05 0.01803 0.032585 0.27149 0.2651 15.18912 0.262006 0.965066 0.041463 0.049476 0.058537 -0.01342 0.01803
0.075 0.02432 0.038499 0.23378 0.229655 13.15829 0.227642 0.973745 0.066236 0.061808 0.083764 -0.01317 0.02432
0.1 0.02981 0.042925 0.20618 0.203331 11.64999 0.201933 0.979399 0.091332 0.071851 0.108668 -0.01223 0.02981
0.15 0.03903 0.048997 0.16546 0.163974 9.395041 0.163241 0.986586 0.142002 0.08737 0.157998 -0.00931 0.03903
0.2 0.04651 0.052594 0.13452 0.133717 7.661436 0.133319 0.991073 0.192988 0.098635 0.207012 -0.00561 0.04651
0.25 0.05257 0.054461 0.10873 0.108305 6.205393 0.108093 0.994141 0.244113 0.106712 0.255887 -0.00157 0.05257
0.3 0.05742 0.055016 0.08595 0.085739 4.912499 0.085634 0.996327 0.295289 0.112234 0.304711 0.002606 0.05742
0.35 0.0612 0.054529 0.06498 0.064889 3.717853 0.064843 0.997895 0.346464 0.115614 0.353536 0.006786 0.0612
0.4 0.06394 0.053194 0.04507 0.04504 2.580574 0.045024 0.998986 0.397605 0.11708 0.402395 0.0108 0.06394
0.45 0.06571 0.051157 0.02559 0.025584 1.465879 0.025582 0.999673 0.448691 0.11685 0.451309 0.01457 0.06571
0.5 0.06651 0.048529 0.00607 0.00607 0.347781 0.00607 0.999982 0.499705 0.115038 0.500295 0.017982 0.06651
0.55 0.06631 0.045397 -0.01404 -0.01404 -0.80438 -0.01404 0.999901 0.550637 0.111703 0.549363 0.020917 0.06631
0.6 0.06508 0.041831 -0.03537 -0.03536 -2.02571 -0.03535 0.999375 0.601479 0.106885 0.598521 0.023275 0.06508
0.65 0.06274 0.037881 -0.05887 -0.0588 -3.36911 -0.05877 0.998272 0.652226 0.100556 0.647774 0.024924 0.06274
0.7 0.05913 0.033586 -0.0861 -0.08589 -4.92103 -0.08578 0.996314 0.702881 0.092592 0.697119 0.025668 0.05913
0.75 0.05401 0.028969 -0.12058 -0.12 -6.87553 -0.11971 0.992809 0.753468 0.082771 0.746532 0.025249 0.05401
0.8 0.04673 0.024045 -0.18034 -0.17842 -10.2228 -0.17748 0.984125 0.804267 0.070394 0.795733 0.023066 0.04673
0.85 0.03607 0.018815 -0.2343 -0.23015 -13.1865 -0.22812 0.973633 0.854292 0.054389 0.845708 0.017751 0.03607
0.9 0.02452 0.013271 -0.24521 -0.24047 -13.7777 -0.23815 0.971227 0.90316 0.037409 0.89684 0.011631 0.02452
0.95 0.01226 0.007393 -0.24521 -0.24047 -13.7777 -0.23815 0.971227 0.951761 0.019441 0.948239 0.005079 0.01226
1 0 0.001155 -0.24521 -0.24047 -13.7777 -0.23815 0.971227 1.000275 0.001122 0.999725 -0.00112 0
3. Calculate the pressure distributions around a NACA 16-009 basic thickness form
profile combined with NACA 64 mean line form at a α =2 degrees of angle of attack
and find the most dangerous position for cavitation on the profile. Calculate and draw
the profile of the combined forms.

NACA 16-009
tma x/c 0.09
fma x/c 4.5
Position of f ma x/c 0.05
NACA 64 Mean Line Form
Induced Angle αi 0.74
fma x/c 6
Position of f ma x/c 0.40
Angle of attack 2
Combined Form
SC 1
SA 0.138174

NACA BASIC THICKNESS 16-009

x/c y/c (y/c )/100 (x/c) /100 ∆v/V ∆vA/V
0 0 0 0 0 3.644
1.25 0.969 0.00969 0.0125 1.021 1.33
2.5 1.354 0.01354 0.025 1.053 0.964
5 1.882 0.01882 0.05 1.067 0.684
7.5 2.274 0.02274 0.075 1.073 0.554
10 2.593 0.02593 0.1 1.076 0.475
15 3.101 0.03101 0.15 1.081 0.378
20 3.498 0.03498 0.2 1.085 0.319
25 3.781 0.03781 0.25 1.088 0.282
30 4.063 0.04063 0.3 1.091 0.245
40 4.391 0.04391 0.4 1.096 0.197
50 4.5 0.045 0.5 1.1 0.16
60 4.376 0.04376 0.6 1.106 0.131
70 3.952 0.03952 0.7 1.099 0.103
80 3.149 0.03149 0.8 1.075 0.076
90 1.888 0.01888 0.9 1.022 0.047
95 1.061 0.01061 0.95 0.969 0.03
100 0.09 0.0009 1 0 0
 NACA 64 Mean Line
x/c y/c (x/c) /100 (y/c) /100 ∆v/V
0 0 0 0 0
1.25 0.369 0.0125 0.00369 0.064
2.5 0.726 0.025 0.00726 0.098
5 1.406 0.05 0.01406 0.137
7.5 2.039 0.075 0.02039 0.167
10 2.625 0.1 0.02625 0.187
15 3.656 0.15 0.03656 0.218
20 4.5 0.2 0.045 0.242
25 5.156 0.25 0.05156 0.258
30 5.625 0.3 0.05625 0.26
40 6 0.4 0.06 0.25
50 5.833 0.5 0.05833 0.228
60 5.333 0.6 0.05333 0.207
70 4.5 0.7 0.045 0.188
80 3.333 0.8 0.03333 0.159
90 1.833 0.9 0.01833 0.117
95 0.958 0.95 0.00958 0.084
100 0 1 0 0
Pressure Distrubition
(∆v/V)SC (∆vA/V)SA (v/V)U (v/V)L CPU CPL
0 0.503508 0.503508 -0.50351 0.74648 0.74648
0.064 0.183772 1.268772 0.773228 -0.60978 0.402119
0.098 0.1332 1.2842 0.8218 -0.64917 0.324645
0.137 0.094511 1.298511 0.835489 -0.68613 0.301959
0.167 0.076549 1.316549 0.829451 -0.7333 0.31201
0.187 0.065633 1.328633 0.823367 -0.76527 0.322067
0.218 0.05223 1.35123 0.81077 -0.82582 0.342652
0.242 0.044078 1.371078 0.798922 -0.87985 0.361723
0.258 0.038965 1.384965 0.791035 -0.91813 0.374264
0.26 0.033853 1.384853 0.797147 -0.91782 0.364556
0.25 0.02722 1.37322 0.81878 -0.88573 0.3296
0.228 0.022108 1.350108 0.849892 -0.82279 0.277683
0.207 0.018101 1.331101 0.880899 -0.77183 0.224017
0.188 0.014232 1.301232 0.896768 -0.6932 0.195807
0.159 0.010501 1.244501 0.905499 -0.54878 0.180072
0.117 0.006494 1.145494 0.898506 -0.31216 0.192687
0.084 0.004145 1.057145 0.880855 -0.11756 0.224095
0 0 0 0 1 1
 Combined Form
(x/c) /100 (y/c) /100 yt dyc/dx θ(RAD) θ(°) sinθ cosθ xupper yupper xl ower yl ower (yu +Yl )/2
0 0 0 0.3 0.291457 16.69924 0.287348 0.957826 0 0 0 0 0
0.0125 0.00369 0.014204 0.29062 0.282829 16.20492 0.279074 0.96027 0.008536 0.01733 0.016464 -0.00995 0.00369
0.025 0.00726 0.01961 0.28125 0.274167 15.70864 0.270746 0.962651 0.019691 0.026138 0.030309 -0.01162 0.00726
0.05 0.01406 0.02666 0.2625 0.256708 14.7083 0.253898 0.967231 0.043231 0.039847 0.056769 -0.01173 0.01406
0.075 0.02039 0.031499 0.24375 0.239088 13.69872 0.236816 0.971554 0.06754 0.050993 0.08246 -0.01021 0.02039
0.1 0.02625 0.035121 0.225 0.221314 12.68038 0.219512 0.97561 0.092291 0.060514 0.107709 -0.00801 0.02625
0.15 0.03656 0.040089 0.1875 0.185348 10.61966 0.184289 0.982872 0.142612 0.075962 0.157388 -0.00284 0.03656
0.2 0.045 0.043032 0.15 0.14889 8.530766 0.14834 0.988936 0.193617 0.087555 0.206383 0.002445 0.045
0.25 0.05156 0.044559 0.1125 0.112029 6.418787 0.111795 0.993731 0.245019 0.09584 0.254981 0.00728 0.05156
0.3 0.05625 0.045013 0.075 0.07486 4.289153 0.07479 0.997199 0.296633 0.101137 0.303367 0.011363 0.05625
0.4 0.06 0.043523 0 0 0 0 1 0.4 0.103523 0.4 0.016477 0.06
0.5 0.05833 0.039705 -0.03333 -0.03332 -1.90896 -0.03331 0.999445 0.501323 0.098013 0.498677 0.018647 0.05833
0.6 0.05333 0.034225 -0.06667 -0.06657 -3.81426 -0.06652 0.997785 0.602277 0.087479 0.597723 0.019181 0.05333
0.7 0.045 0.027479 -0.1 -0.09967 -5.71059 -0.0995 0.995037 0.702734 0.072343 0.697266 0.017657 0.045
0.8 0.03333 0.019673 -0.13333 -0.13255 -7.59446 -0.13216 0.991228 0.8026 0.052831 0.7974 0.013829 0.03333
0.9 0.01833 0.010858 -0.16667 -0.16515 -9.46251 -0.1644 0.986393 0.901785 0.02904 0.898215 0.00762 0.01833
0.95 0.00958 0.006049 -0.18333 -0.18132 -10.3887 -0.18032 0.983607 0.951091 0.01553 0.948909 0.00363 0.00958
1 0 0.000945 -0.2 -0.1974 -11.3099 -0.19612 0.980581 1.000185 0.000927 0.999815 -0.00093 0
 4. Calculate the pressure distributions around a NACA 16-010 basic thickness form
profile combined with NACA 64 mean line form at a α =5 degrees of angle of attack
and find the most dangerous position for cavitation on the profile. Calculate and draw
the profile of the combined forms.
NACA 64 Mean Line Form
Induced Angle αi 0.74
fma x/c 6
Position of fma x/c 0.40
Angle of attack 5
Combined Form
SC 1
SA 0.46716127
NACA 16-010
tma x/c 0.1

t1 t3 t2
NACA BASIC THICKNESS 16-009 NACA BASIC THICKNESS 16-012 NACA BASIC THICKNESS 16-010
(x/c) /100 (y/c )/100 ∆v/V ∆vA/V (x/c) /100 (y/c )/100 ∆v/V ∆vA/V x/c (x/c) /100 ∆v/V ∆vA/V
0 0 0 3.644 0 0 0 2.624 0 0 0 3.304
0.0125 0.00969 1.021 1.33 0.0125 0.01292 1.001 1.268 1.25 0.0125 1.023333 1.309333
0.025 0.01354 1.053 0.964 0.025 0.01805 1.053 0.942 2.5 0.025 1.058889 0.956667
0.05 0.01882 1.067 0.684 0.05 0.02509 1.083 0.677 5 0.05 1.074444 0.681667
0.075 0.02274 1.073 0.554 0.075 0.03032 1.094 0.551 7.5 0.075 1.081111 0.553
0.1 0.02593 1.076 0.475 0.1 0.03457 1.099 0.473 10 0.1 1.084444 0.474333
0.15 0.03101 1.081 0.378 0.15 0.04135 1.106 0.378 15 0.15 1.09 0.378
0.2 0.03498 1.085 0.319 0.2 0.04664 1.112 0.319 20 0.2 1.094444 0.319
0.25 0.03781 1.088 0.282 0.25 0.05041 1.117 0.282 25 0.25 1.097778 0.282
0.3 0.04063 1.091 0.245 0.3 0.05417 1.121 0.245 30 0.3 1.101111 0.245
0.4 0.04391 1.096 0.197 0.4 0.05855 1.128 0.197 40 0.4 1.106667 0.197
0.5 0.045 1.1 0.16 0.5 0.06 1.134 0.161 50 0.5 1.111111 0.160333
0.6 0.04376 1.106 0.131 0.6 0.05835 1.137 0.131 60 0.6 1.117778 0.131
0.7 0.03952 1.099 0.103 0.7 0.05269 1.129 0.102 70 0.7 1.11 0.102667
0.8 0.03149 1.075 0.076 0.8 0.04199 1.097 0.075 80 0.8 1.083333 0.075667
0.9 0.01888 1.022 0.047 0.9 0.02517 1.025 0.045 90 0.9 1.024444 0.046333
0.95 0.01061 0.969 0.03 0.95 0.01415 0.953 0.027 95 0.95 0.965556 0.029
1 0.0009 0 0 1 0.0012 0 0 100 1 0 0
 NACA 64 Mean Line
x/c y/c (x/c) /100 (y/c) /100 ∆v/V
0 0 0 0 0
1.25 0.369 0.0125 0.00369 0.064
2.5 0.726 0.025 0.00726 0.098
5 1.406 0.05 0.01406 0.137
7.5 2.039 0.075 0.02039 0.167
10 2.625 0.1 0.02625 0.187
15 3.656 0.15 0.03656 0.218
20 4.5 0.2 0.045 0.242
25 5.156 0.25 0.05156 0.258
30 5.625 0.3 0.05625 0.26
40 6 0.4 0.06 0.25
50 5.833 0.5 0.05833 0.228
60 5.333 0.6 0.05333 0.207
70 4.5 0.7 0.045 0.188
80 3.333 0.8 0.03333 0.159
90 1.833 0.9 0.01833 0.117
95 0.958 0.95 0.00958 0.084
100 0 1 0 0

Pressure Distrubition
(∆v/V)SC (∆vA/V)SA (v/V)U (v/V)L CPU CPL
0 1.543501 1.543501 -1.5435 -1.38239 -1.38239
0.064 0.61167 1.699003 0.347664 -1.88661 0.87913
0.098 0.446918 1.603807 0.513971 -1.5722 0.735834
0.137 0.318448 1.529893 0.618996 -1.34057 0.616844
0.167 0.25834 1.506451 0.655771 -1.2694 0.569964
0.187 0.22159 1.493035 0.675854 -1.22915 0.543221
0.218 0.176587 1.484587 0.695413 -1.204 0.516401
0.242 0.149024 1.485469 0.70342 -1.20662 0.5052
0.258 0.131739 1.487517 0.708038 -1.21271 0.498682
0.26 0.114455 1.475566 0.726657 -1.17729 0.47197
0.25 0.092031 1.448697 0.764636 -1.09872 0.415332
0.228 0.074902 1.414013 0.80821 -0.99943 0.346797
0.207 0.061198 1.385976 0.84958 -0.92093 0.278214
0.188 0.047962 1.345962 0.874038 -0.81161 0.236057
0.159 0.035349 1.277682 0.888985 -0.63247 0.209706
0.117 0.021645 1.16309 0.885799 -0.35278 0.21536
0.084 0.013548 1.063103 0.868008 -0.13019 0.246562
0 0 0 0 1 1
 Combined Form
(x/c) /100 (y/c) /100 yt dyc/dx θ(RAD) θ(°) sinθ cosθ xupper yupper xl ower yl ower (yu +Yl )/2
0 0 0 0.3 0.291457 16.69924 0.287348 0.957826 0 0 0 0 0
0.0125 0.00369 0.015783 0.29062 0.282829 16.20492 0.279074 0.96027 0.008096 0.018845 0.016904 -0.01147 0.00369
0.025 0.00726 0.021789 0.28125 0.274167 15.70864 0.270746 0.962651 0.019101 0.028236 0.030899 -0.01372 0.00726
0.05 0.01406 0.029622 0.2625 0.256708 14.7083 0.253898 0.967231 0.042479 0.042712 0.057521 -0.01459 0.01406
0.075 0.02039 0.034999 0.24375 0.239088 13.69872 0.236816 0.971554 0.066712 0.054394 0.083288 -0.01361 0.02039
0.1 0.02625 0.039023 0.225 0.221314 12.68038 0.219512 0.97561 0.091434 0.064321 0.108566 -0.01182 0.02625
0.15 0.03656 0.044543 0.1875 0.185348 10.61966 0.184289 0.982872 0.141791 0.08034 0.158209 -0.00722 0.03656
0.2 0.045 0.047813 0.15 0.14889 8.530766 0.14834 0.988936 0.192907 0.092284 0.207093 -0.00228 0.045
0.25 0.05156 0.04951 0.1125 0.112029 6.418787 0.111795 0.993731 0.244465 0.10076 0.255535 0.00236 0.05156
0.3 0.05625 0.050014 0.075 0.07486 4.289153 0.07479 0.997199 0.296259 0.106124 0.303741 0.006376 0.05625
0.4 0.06 0.048358 0 0 0 0 1 0.4 0.108358 0.4 0.011642 0.06
0.5 0.05833 0.044117 -0.03333 -0.03332 -1.90896 -0.03331 0.999445 0.50147 0.102422 0.49853 0.014238 0.05833
0.6 0.05333 0.038028 -0.06667 -0.06657 -3.81426 -0.06652 0.997785 0.60253 0.091274 0.59747 0.015386 0.05333
0.7 0.045 0.030533 -0.1 -0.09967 -5.71059 -0.0995 0.995037 0.703038 0.075381 0.696962 0.014619 0.045
0.8 0.03333 0.021859 -0.13333 -0.13255 -7.59446 -0.13216 0.991228 0.802889 0.054998 0.797111 0.011662 0.03333
0.9 0.018333 0.012064 -0.16667 -0.16515 -9.46251 -0.1644 0.986393 0.901983 0.030233 0.898017 0.006433 0.018333
0.95 0.00958 0.006721 -0.18333 -0.18132 -10.3887 -0.18032 0.983607 0.951212 0.016191 0.948788 0.002969 0.00958
1 0 0.00105 -0.2 -0.1974 -11.3099 -0.19612 0.980581 1.000206 0.00103 0.999794 -0.00103 0
V. Used Basic Thickness Forms

 Table of the first question

 Tables of the second question

 Table of the third question
 Tables of the fourth question
 VI. Mean Lines

 Table of the first question

 Table of the second question
 Table of the third and fourth question
VII. References
 Abbot, I. H. & Von Doenhoff, A. E. (1959). Theory of wing sections: Including a summary of airfoil data.
Dover publications.
 Korkut, E. (2021) Lecture Notes 5 Propeller Theories