ESSENTIAL COMPUTER
COMPONENTS
1B-1
Parts of the Computer System
• Computer systems have four parts
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• User
1B-2
Parts of the Computer System
• Hardware
• Mechanical devices in the computer
• Anything that can be touched
• Software
• Tell the computer what to do
• Also called a program
• Thousands of programs exist
1B-3
Parts of the Computer System
• Data
• Pieces of information
• Computer organize and present data
• Users
• People operating the computer
• Most important part
• Tell the computer what to do
1B-4
Information Processing Cycle
• Steps followed to process data
• Input
• Processing
• Output
• Storage
1B-5
Essential Computer Hardware
• Computers use the same basic hardware
• Hardware categorized into four types
1B-6
Essential Computer Hardware
• Processing devices
• Brains of the computer
• Carries out instructions from the program
• Manipulate the data
• Most computers have several processors
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Secondary processors
• Processors made of silicon and copper
1B-7
Essential Computer Hardware
• Memory devices
• Stores data or programs
• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Volatile
• Stores current data and programs
• More RAM results in a faster system
• Read Only Memory (ROM)
• Permanent storage of programs
• Holds the computer boot directions
1B-8
Essential Computer Hardware
• Input and output devices
• Allows the user to interact
• Input devices accept data
• Keyboard, mouse
• Output devices deliver data
• Monitor, printer, speaker
• Some devices are input and output
• Touch screens
1B-9
Essential Computer Hardware
• Storage devices
• Hold data and programs permanently
• Different from RAM
• Magnetic storage
• Floppy and hard drive
• Uses a magnet to access data
• Optical storage
• CD and DVD drives
• Uses a laser to access data
1B-10
The Motherboard
1B-11
Concept of Data Processing
1B-12
Software Essentials
An Overview of Applications and Programs
Introduction
• Software is a collection of instructions that enable a user to
interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks.
Types of Software
1. System Software
2. Application Software
3. Programming Software
4. Driver Software
System Software
Controls hardware directly.
Includes operating systems and utility software.
Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux.
Application Software
Helps perform specific tasks.
Examples: MS Word, Excel, web browsers, media players.
Modern Application Software
1B-18
Programming Software
Tools for programmers to write code.
Examples: IDEs like Visual Studio, compilers, text editors.
Driver Software
Allows hardware to communicate with the OS.
Examples: Printer drivers, graphics card drivers.
Summary
Software is essential for computer operation.
Categorized into system, application, programming, and driver
software.
Each type serves a unique purpose in computing.
Final Activity
• Create a recorded tutorial video for each essential software assigned
to each group. Each video should have a minimum of 5 minutes and
a maximum of 10 minutes. To be submitted on May 12. Final
practicum before final exams.
1. Canva – creative an interactive powerpoint presentation about
computers.
2. MS Powerpoint – creating a music video using MS PPT.
3. Filmora – creating a short commercial shoot about our subject.
4. MS Word – creating a magazine about essential softwares.
5. PowerEditor – short film about computer and life