Physical and Personal
Development in the Arts
Week 1
Makasining na Araw!
Checking of
Attendance
Objectives
❑Identify the parts of the
body involved in the
creation/performance of
different art forms.
The Anatomy of an Artist:
Introduction
Physical and Personal
Development in the Arts
- Artist’s health
- Aims to identify the parts of the body
involved in the creation/performance of
art, determine hazardous materials and
industry-related injuries and their causes,
and help develop a routine or practice
suitable for each art form.
What is health?
According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), health is a “state
of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity”.
Factors that Affect Health
Intrinsic or internal factors
Extrinsic or external factors
Intrinsic or internal factors
Traits that are inherent or inborn
to a person rather than being
determined by that person’s
environment.
Intrinsic or internal factors
Knowledge
The more clearly a disease is
understood, the more likely it is that an
individual will be comfortable with their
care and adhere to necessary regimens.
Intrinsic or internal factors
Genetics
Inheritance plays a part in
determining lifespan, healthiness, and
the likelihood of developing certain
illnesses.
Intrinsic or internal factors
Gender
Men and women suffer from different
types of diseases at different ages.
Intrinsic or internal factors
Attitude
Negative attitudes and feelings of
helplessness and hopelessness can create
chronic stress, which upsets the body’s hormone
balance, depletes the brain chemicals required
for happiness, and damages the immune
system.
Intrinsic or internal factors
Personal behavior and coping skills
Balanced eating, keeping active,
smoking, drinking, and how we deal
with life’s stresses and challenges all
affect health.
Intrinsic or internal factors
Education
Low education levels are linked with
poor health, more stress and lower self-
confidence.
Extrinsic or external factors
Environmental, cultural, or
lifestyle-related factors that
affect health.
Extrinsic or external factors
Physical environment
Safe water and clean air, healthy
workplaces, safe houses,
communities, and roads all
contribute to good health.
Extrinsic or external factors
Social support networks
Greater support from families,
friends and communities is linked to
better health.
Extrinsic or external factors
Culture
Customs and traditions, and the
beliefs of the family and
community all affect health.
Extrinsic or external factors
Income and social status
Higher income and social status are
linked to better health. The greater the gap
between the richest and poorest people,
the greater the differences in health.
Extrinsic or external factors
Working conditions
Those who have more control
over their working conditions are
generally healthier than those who
do not.
Terms to remember
CELL is the basic membrane-bound
unit that contains the fundamental
molecules of life and of which all living
things are composed of. In other
words, it is the basic building blocks
of all living things.
Terms to remember
TISSUE is a group of cells that have
similar shapes and functions. There
are four types of tissues.
Terms to remember
FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES
1. Epithelial tissues are the outer
surfaces of organs and blood vessels
and the inner surfaces of cavities.
Terms to remember
FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES
2. Connective tissues connect,
support, bind, and separates other
tissues and organs.
Terms to remember
FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES
3. Muscle tissues are composed of cells
that have the special ability to shorten or
contract in order to produce movement of
the body parts. It can be categorized into
skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and
cardiac muscle.
Terms to remember
FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES
4. Nerve tissues function to receive
stimuli and conduct
impulses.
Terms to remember
ORGANS are structures made of
tissues that perform specific
functions, such as the brain, lungs,
and liver.
Terms to remember
SYSTEM OF THE HUMAN BODY is a
collective functional unit made by
several organs in which the organ s
work in complete coordination with
one another.
Terms to remember
TRAUMA is a physical injury, such as a
wound or sore, to a living tissue
caused by damage. It is also a
response to a deeply distressing or
disturbing event that overwhelms an
individual’s ability to cope.
Terms to remember
HAZARD is any source of potential
damage, harm, or adverse health
effects on something or someone.
Terms to remember
CONDITION pertains to an unhealthy
or abnormal state that affects
normal feelings of wellbeing.
Terms to remember
INFECTION is the invasion or
multiplication of microorganisms
such as bacteria and viruses that
are not normally present within the
body.
Terms to remember
INFLAMMATION refers to the body’s
process of fighting against things
that harm it, such as infections,
injuries, and toxins, in an attempt to
heal itself.
Terms to remember
DISEASE is any harmful deviation
from the normal structural or
functional state of an organism,
generally associated with certain
signs and symptoms and differing in
nature from physical injury.
Terms to remember
DISORDER could be defined as a set
of problems, which result in causing
significant difficulty, distress,
impairment and/or suffering in a
person’s daily life.
Terms to remember
SYNDROME is a set of medical signs
and symptoms which are correlated
with each other and often
associated with a particular disease
or disorder.
Terms to remember
ANTERIOR or VENTRAL pertains to
the body parts located in front.
For example, the kneecap is
located in the anterior side of the
leg.
Terms to remember
POSTERIOR or DORSAL pertains to
the body parts located at the back.
For example, the shoulder blades
are located on the posterior side of
the body.
Terms to remember
SUPERIOR or CRANIAL refers to
points nearer toward the head end
of the body; upper (example, the
hand is part of the superior
extremity).
Terms to remember
INFERIOR or CAUDAL refers to the
points away from the head; lower
(example, the foot is part of the
inferior extremity).
Terms to remember
MEDIAL refers to the points toward
the midline of the body (example,
the middle toe is located at the
medial side of the foot).
Terms to remember
LATERAL pertains to points away
from the midline of the body
(example, the little toe is located at
the lateral side of the foot).
Terms to remember
PROXIMAL refers to the points
toward or nearest the trunk or the
point of origin of a part (example,
the proximal end of the femur joins
with the pelvic bone).
Terms to remember
DISTAL pertains to the points away
from or farthest from the trunk or the
point or origin of a part (example,
the hand is located at the distal end
of the forearm).
LET’S CHECK!
LET’S CHECK!
LET’S CHECK!
LET’S CHECK!
LET’S CHECK!
Reflect on…
Why learning Physical and
Personal Development in the Arts is
important?
The Anatomy of an Artist:
Skeletal System
WHAT PART AM I?
LABEL THE PARTS OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM CORRECTLY.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM
• Includes all the bones and joints in the
body.
• Acts as a scaffold by providing support
and protection for the soft tissues that
make up the rest of the body
• Provides attachment points for muscles
to allow movements at the joints.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
• The Skeletal System in an adult body is
made up of 206 individual bones.
• These bones are arranged into two
major divisions: the axial skeleton and
the appendicular skeleton.
AXIAL SKELETON
• The Axial Skeleton runs along the body’s
midline axis and is made up of 80 bones
• in the following regions: Skull, Hyoid,
Auditory Ossicles, Ribs, Sternum,
Vertebral Column.
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• The Appendicular Skeleton is made up of
126 bones in the following regions: upper
limb, lower limbs, Pelvic Girdle, Pectoral
(shoulder) Girdle.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• The SKULL is composed of 22 bones that
are fused together except for the
mandible (the only movable joint in the
skull).
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• VERTEBRAL COLUMN encloses and
protects the spinal cord within the spinal
canal, carries the weight of the body
above the pelvis, and forms the central
axis of the body.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• The STERNUM, AKA the breastbone,
connects to the ribs by thin bands of
cartilage called the costal cartilage.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• The PECTORAL GIRDLE consists of the
left and right clavicles and left and
right scapulae. This connects the
upper limb bones to the axial
skeleton.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• HUMERUS is the bone of the upper
arm. It forms a joint with the scapula
and forms the elbow joint with the
inferior arm bones.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• ULNA is the bone on the median side
of the forearm and forms a hinge
joint with the humerus at the elbow.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• RADIUS is one of the two inferior arm
bones which allows the forearm and
hand to turn over at the wrist joint.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• CARPUS pertains to the wrist bones,
while METACARPUS are the hand
bones, and PHALANGES are finger
and toe bones.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• PELVIC GRIDLE is formed by the left
and right hip bones which connects
the lower limb bones to the axial
skeleton.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• FEMUR is the largest bone in the
body and the only bone of the thigh.
• PATELLA is the kneecap.
PARTS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• FIBULA acts as an attachment to
muscles and provides stability to the
ankle.
• TIBIA, AKA shin bone, distributes
weight from knee to ankle.
POOR POSTURE & ITS
EFFECTS ON THE BODY
POSTURE is defined as “the
relative position of the body
at any one period of time”.
POOR POSTURE & ITS
EFFECTS ON THE BODY
CORRECT POSTURE or NEUTRAL
POSTURE is a position in which
minimal stress is applied to the
body’s muscles, tissues, joints, and
ligaments, providing the most
energy efficient movement.
POOR POSTURE & ITS
EFFECTS ON THE BODY
The CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) begins to
make musculoskeletal adaptations to the
postures and movements performed most
often. These muscular imbalances cause some
muscles to be in a constant state of contraction
while other, opposing muscles remain weak and
overstretched, which leads to pain.
POOR POSTURE & ITS EFFECTS ON THE BODY
IMPORTANCE OF POSTURE
Strong posture starts with self-awareness of your
body.
Start by looking at yourself in a full-length mirror.
From the feet up, your feet should be shoulder width
apart, knees slightly bent, pelvis over your legs. Torso,
which includes the shoulders, should be over your
pelvis. Head level and over your torso, with eyes
forward. Think of a string attached to the top of your
head and it is being pulled up to the ceiling. Feel your
spine elongate. Stand tall and strong.
IMPORTANCE OF POSTURE
To be great performer, we must have
balance and proper functional motion in
addition to strength and flexibility to
perform the powerful, yet graceful
movements.
POSTURE CHECK
Take photos of yourself
demonstrating the correct
and 4 wrong postures.
Attach the photos on your
notebook.
Reflect on…
The importance of proper posture
and how you can take care of your
bones.
The Anatomy of an Artist:
Muscular System
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
The Muscular System is
composed of specialized cells
called muscle fibers. Their
predominant function is
contractibility. Muscles, attached
to bones or internal organs and
blood vessels, are responsible for
movement.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
In addition to movement,
muscle contraction also
fulfills some other important
functions in the body, such
as posture, joint stability,
and heat production.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Heat production, to maintain body
temperature, is an important by-
product of muscle metabolism.
Nearly 85 percent of the heat
produced in the body is the result of
muscle contraction. Moreover, there
are over 700 named muscles which
make up half of a person’s weight.
THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES
VISCERAL MUSCLES
SKELETAL MUSCLES
CARDIAC MUSCLES
THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES
VISCERAL MUSCLES
also known as smooth muscles, are
involuntary muscles found in organs that
are responsible for their functions through
contractions. For instance, muscles in the
bladder wall contract to expel urine from
the body.
THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES
SKELETAL MUSCLES
are voluntary muscles that are
responsible for almost all body
movements from walking to blinking.
THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES
SKELETAL MUSCLES
also function to continuously maintain
posture, holding the bones in the correct
position, generate heat to maintain normal
body temperature, as well as changing facial
expressions. Additionally, skeletal muscles
cover the skeleton, giving the body its shape.
THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES
CARDIAC MUSCLES
muscle that only exists in the heart. It
contracts to squeeze blood from the
heart and relaxes to fill it with blood.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Facial muscles
responsible for facial expressions and
mastication, which is the mechanical
grinding of food into smaller pieces.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Sternocleidomastoid
two-headed neck muscle, which
functions to flex the neck both laterally and
anteriorly, as well as rotate the head
contralaterally to the side of contraction.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Trapezius
large, triangular, paired muscle located on the
posterior aspect of the neck and thorax. It is largely
involved in movements of the shoulder girdle and is
therefore functionally considered as a muscle of the
upper limb rather than of the back.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Deltoid
thick, triangular shoulder muscle. It
functions as the rotator of the arm and
plays a part in stabilization.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Biceps brachii
one of the chief muscles of the arm,
which participates in its movements as
well as of the shoulders and elbows.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Triceps brachii
represents the only constituent of the
posterior muscle group of the arm. It
spans almost the entire length of the
humerus.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Brachioradialis
lateral part of the posterior forearm.
It enables to flex the forearm, especially
when the forearm is somewhat facing
downward.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Flexor digitorum profundus
muscle located deep within the anterior (flexor)
compartment of the forearm. Its main action is flexion
of the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints, as well as assists in flexion of
the hand on the wrist.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis Latissimus dorsi Gluteus maximus
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Pectoralis major
paired, superficial muscle located on the
anterior surface of the thoracic cage or rib cage.
The main function of this chest muscle as a
whole is the adduction and internal rotation of
the arm on the shoulder joint.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Rectus abdominis
informally known as the abs muscle, is a long
muscle of the anterior abdominal wall. In those
with low body fat, it is clearly visible beneath
the skin forming the ‘six pack’. It extends from
the rib cage all the way to the pubic bone.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Latissimus dorsi
(AKA: 'the lats muscle' or 'the lats') is the widest
muscle in the human body. It is relatively thin and
covers almost all back muscles at the posterior trunk,
except the trapezius. Its functions are arm internal
rotation, arm adduction, arm extension, and assists in
respiration.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Gluteus maximus
located in the buttocks and is regarded as one of
the strongest muscles in the human body. The
main functions of the gluteus maximus muscle
are the extension and external rotation of the
thigh at the hip joint.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Quadriceps femoris
commonly known as the quad muscle, is the
strongest muscle of the human body. It is
located in the anterior compartment of the
thigh. The function of the quadriceps femoris
muscle is to extend the leg at the knee joint and
to flex the thigh at the hip joint.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Hamstring muscles
or simply the hamstrings, are a group of three
long muscles located in the posterior
compartment of the thigh, shaping up the
surface anatomy of this region. These muscles
are the biceps femoris, semimembranosus and
semitendinosus muscles.
Skeletal Muscles that Artists Commonly Used
Gastrocnemis
large muscle located in the posterior leg.
Posteriorly, is the most superficial of the
muscles of the leg and forms the bulk of the
calf. It acts in many basic activities, such as
walking, running and leaping.
Reflect on…
how you can take care of your
muscles
The Anatomy of an Artist:
Integumentary System
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
• An organ system consisting of the skin,
hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is
only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the
largest organ in the body.
• The average person’s skin weighs 10
pounds and has a surface area of almost
20 square feet.
Parts of the Integumentary System
EPIDERMIS is the most superficial
layer of the skin that covers almost
the entire body surface. The
epidermis rests upon and protects
the deeper and thicker dermis layer
of the skin.
Parts of the Integumentary System
DERMIS is the deep layer of the skin found
under the epidermis. The dermis is mostly
made of dense irregular connective
tissue along with nervous tissue, blood,
and blood vessels. The dermis is much
thicker than the epidermis and gives the
skin its strength and elasticity
Parts of the Integumentary System
HYPODERMIS is the subcutaneous layer
lying below the dermis; it consists
largely of fat. It provides the main
structural support for the skin, as well as
insulating the body from cold and
aiding shock absorption.
Parts of the Integumentary System
HAIR is an accessory organ of
the skin made of columns of
tightly packed dead
keratinocytes found in most
regions of the body.
Parts of the Integumentary System
NAILS are accessory organs of
the skin made of sheets of
hardened keratinocytes and
found on the distal ends of the
fingers and toes.
Parts of the Integumentary System
NAILS
Parts of the Integumentary System
SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS are
exocrine glands found in the
dermis of the skin and
commonly known as sweat
glands.
Parts of the Integumentary System
2 major types of sudoriferous
glands: eccrine sweat glands
and apocrine sweat glands.
Parts of the Integumentary System
Eccrine glands are found all
over the body and secrete a
watery product that cools
the skin.
Parts of the Integumentary System
Apocrine sweat glands are
mainly found in the armpits
and perianal area, and secrete
a more viscous, odorous
product.
Parts of the Integumentary System
SEBACEOUS GLANDS are exocrine
glands found in the dermis of the skin
that produce an oily secretion known
as sebum. Sebaceous glands are
found in every part of the skin except
for the thick skin of the palms of the
hands and soles of the feet.
Parts of the Integumentary System
Reflect on…
The importance of proper care of
skin, hair, nails and exocrine glands.
The Anatomy of an Artist:
Vocal Anatomy
The Parts Involved in Vocal Production
In order for humans to produce
sounds, a combination of body parts
need to work together. The vocal
anatomy is divided into three (3)
subsystems: respiratory system,
vibratory system, and resonating
system.
The Parts Involved in Vocal Production
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• plays a role in sound
production by providing
and regulating air pressure
to cause the vibratory
system to function or
vibrate.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• The diaphragm is a thin skeletal muscle
that sits at the base of the chest and
separates the abdomen from the chest. It
contracts and flattens when inhaling, as a
result, it creates a vacuum effect that pulls
air into the lungs. When exhaling, the
diaphragm relaxes, and the air is pushed
out of lungs.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Chest muscles aid the
diaphragm and lungs in
establishing movements
necessary for breathing.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• The lungs are where the air
come from. It blows air into
the vocal folds for it to
vibrate and produce
buzzing sounds that will
turn into one’s voice.
VIBRATORY SYSTEM
• also known as the
phonatory system,
contains the vocal folds,
which changes air pressure
into sound waves, which
then produces the voice.
VIBRATORY SYSTEM
• The larynx is where the vocal
cords, now called vocal folds,
are found. It causes the vocal
folds to vibrate or buzz. This
buzzing quality to the speech
is called voice or voicing.
RESONATING SYSTEM
• responsible for amplifying and
modifying the vibrations
caused be the vibratory
system, which then results into
a person’s recognizable voice.
RESONATING SYSTEM
• The oral cavity is composed
of the mouth, lips, teeth, and
cheeks.
RESONATING SYSTEM
• The nasal cavity, also known
as the sinus cavity, is the
space behind the nose.
RESONATING SYSTEM
• The pharynx is the upper
portion of the throat. It is a
cavity which connects the
nasal and oral cavities to the
larynx.
RESONATING SYSTEM
• The vocal tract is the area
from the nose and the nasal
cavity down to the vocal cords
deep in the throat. It includes
the lips, tongue, throat, and
even nose.
PROCESS OF VOICE PRODUCTION
• The vocal folds produce sound when they
come together and then vibrate as air
passes through them during exhalation of
air from the lungs. This vibration produces
the sound wave for the voice
PROCESS OF VOICE PRODUCTION
• In order for the sound to be clear and not
raspy or hoarse, the vocal folds must
vibrate together symmetrically and
regularly. The rate of vibration determines
the pitch of the voice. When the voice is
hoarse, the vocal folds may not be closing
fully, or may not be vibrating
symmetrically.
Reflect on…
The importance of proper posture
and how you can take care of your
bones.
GROUP ACTIVITY#1
Draw 3 different muscle exercises that
show which muscles are in use, then
label and name at least 2 target
muscles in each drawing. Refer to the
example.
GROUP ACTIVITY#1
Example
GROUP ACTIVITY#2
• Create a sculpture using found objects
that depicts the different parts of the
integumentary system and label each
part. Refer to the example.
GROUP ACTIVITY#2
• EXAMPLE
GROUP ACTIVITY#3
Present your Group Activity 1 and 2
and you must exhibit the correct
process of voice production.
RUBRIC FOR GRADING THE ACTIVITIES
CRITERIA POINTS
Correctness and Completeness 20
Creativity and Design 20
Presentation 20
TOTAL 60
Makasining na Pasasalamat!