Course : Electrical Building

Installation Design.
Chapter one : Introduction to
Electrical Installation Design

Abdiaziz Hussein
Gollis University
 Introduction to electrical building installations
◾ Electrical building installations involve the design, implementation, and maintenance of electrical systems within
residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. These systems provide power for lighting, heating, cooling, and various
electrical appliances.
◾ The main components of electrical installations include electrical
panels, wiring, outlets, switches, and circuit breakers. These
components work together to distribute electricity safely and
efficiently throughout a building.
 Introduction to wiring
· Electricity service involves a complete interdependent system of cables, crucial for linking outlets to

the power supply.

· Methods of installation entail selecting suitable cables, providing adequate protection, and

introducing them into buildings.

· Conduit systems remain a prevalent method for cable installation, with considerations for types of

cables, protection, and installation methods.

 Introduction to wiring
· Conduit systems remain a prevalent method for cable installation, with considerations for types of cables, protection,

and installation methods.

 Plastic conduit
PVC conduit is being increasingly used in place of heavy gauge steel conduit. Its advantages are that it is cheaper and

more easily installed than steel conduit and that it is non-corrosive and unreactive with nearly all chemicals. Although it

is incombustible, it does soften and melt in fires and cannot be used at temperatures above 65°C.
 Types of electrical installations

◾ There are various types of electrical installations, each

designed to cater to specific needs and requirements.
Residential Installations: Electrical systems in homes,
including wiring for lighting, power outlets, and
household appliances.
Commercial Installations: Electrical systems in
commercial buildings, such as offices, stores, and
restaurants, involving lighting, power distribution, and
specialized equipment.
Industrial Installations: Electrical systems in factories
and industrial facilities, often with high-voltage power
distribution, heavy machinery, and specialized equipment.
 Safety considerations in electrical installations

◾ Safety is of paramount importance in

electrical installations to prevent
electrical hazards and ensure the
well-being of individuals.
❖ Proper Wiring and Electrical
Components.
❖ Grounding and Earthing.
❖ Overload Protection.
❖ Residual Current Devices (RCDs) or
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
(GFCIs).
❖ Regular Maintenance and Inspections.
 Basic Building Services –MEP

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC):

❖ Heating systems (boilers, furnaces, heat pumps)
❖ Cooling systems (air conditioners, chillers)
❖ Ventilation systems (fans, ductwork, air distribution)
Electrical Systems:
❖ Power supply and distribution
❖ Electrical panels, wiring, outlets
❖ Lighting fixtures
❖ Backup power systems (generators, uninterruptible power
supply units)
Plumbing and Water Supply:
❖ Water distribution and drainage
❖ Pipes, valves, fixtures (sinks, toilets, showers)
❖ Pumps, water storage tanks
❖ Water treatment systems
 Activity one

what are the Low voltage systems in Electrical installation of buildings

What are the types of electrical low voltage system distribution designs commonly used in
buildings and infrastructure projects?
Electrical
Installation
Project
Parties
 Electrical Distribution Project Parties
▶ In any electrical project, we have four main players, the owner, the consultant, the contractor, and the supervisor.
▶ The owner can be just one person, a group of people, a company, or even a group of companies.
▶ The owner wants to construct a project on a certain land, this project can be a residential building, a commercial building, a
hospital, etc.
 Electrical Distribution Project Parties
▶ The owner will go to a consultant company to prepare the required design drawings for the project.
▶ This includes the AutoCAD drawing for the building, electrical design, mechanical design for fire fighting, pumps, and
HVAC systems, and the structure design of the building.
 Electrical Distribution Project Parties
▶ The owner will go to a contractor to turn the project plans into reality
▶ The contractor is responsible for the physical construction and execution of the project.
▶ They oversee the day-to-day operations, manage the construction crew, and ensure that the project is completed within the specified
time frame and budget.
▶ The contractor is also responsible for buying the required equipment like the transformer, cables, circuit breakers, etc.
 Electrical Distribution Project Parties
▶ The owner will go to a supervision company to make sure that the project is built and constructed as intended.
▶ Construction supervisors oversee the construction of projects and monitor activities at worksites.
▶ They manage crews, ensure health and safety codes are observed, and that work is completed to schedule.
▶ In almost all the projects, the supervisor is a part of the consulting company. However, it can be also a separate
company.
 Electrical Engineer Positions
▶ In the consulting company, there will be electrical design engineers and electrical supervision engineers.
▶ The contractor company will have electrical executive engineers, technical office engineers like procurement engineers, and
shop drawing engineers.
Electrical
Drawings and
Project
Coordination
 Electrical Drawings
▶ Conceptual design drawings, shop drawings, and as-built
drawings.
 Conceptual Design Drawings - Consultant
▶ They are drawings prepared by the engineer of the technical office of the consulting company.
▶ It is a technical drawing that shows information about power circuits and lighting circuits for architectural
projects.
▶ Any electrical working drawing consists of lines, symbols, dimensions, and notations.
 Shop Drawings (Executive Drawings) - Contractor
▶ They are drawings prepared by the engineer of the technical office of the contracting company, for the following reasons:
▶ A technical reason is that the design drawings prepared by the designer lack many details necessary for implementation.
▶ The second reason is that in any contract you will find a clause, that no work can be carried out without executive
drawings
approved by the consultant.
 As-Built Drawings - Contractor
▶ It is reported that the conditions of the site require the execution engineer to carry out the work slightly different from the shop
drawings for more than one reason.
▶ According to the conditions of the site or to make it easier for him to implement the work.
▶ Due to a modification requested by the owner or consultant while receiving the works.
▶ A contractual reason because it is among the handing over documents of the project, based on which the owner can do the
operation and maintenance of the project
▶ In short, the as-built drawings are the same as the shop drawings unless there is any change in the site from the shop
drawings.
 Project Coordination -
▶ Architect
If the building needs a transformer and a backup generator then we need two
rooms for this equipment, so we need to coordinate with the architect to reserve
two rooms for them.
▶ Lighting design coordination with the architect.
▶ Sockets design based on furniture.
 Project Coordination – Civil Engineer
▶ Equipment loading on the building or structure (weight of equipment).
▶ Usually, they are installed on the first floor because they cause heavy loading on the structure. However, in very tall
buildings, there could be another transformer and generator in higher floors.
 Project Coordination – Mechanical Engineer
▶ Cable trays, water pipes, and ducts, we should avoid installation on the same line in addition to lighting
fixtures.
▶ Fire fighting systems.
Electrical Design
Steps
Reading
Architectural
and Electrical
Drawings
Reading Architectural Drawings
 Reading Architectural Drawings
▶ Stairs: In the form of parallel lines and
numbered.
 Reading Architectural Drawings
▶ Elevators: Close to
stairs.
 Reading Architectural Drawings
▶ Shaft: Open-air and double height.
▶ If the X exists only on one floor, it is double
height.
▶ If the X exists on every floor, it is open air.
 Reading Architectural Drawings
▶ Furniture, doors, and
windows.
Preparing an
Architectural
Drawing for
Electrical Design
Folder Preparation for Different Projects
Project Name - Folder

Input Output Draft

Lighting System (This
Architectural includes the lux report from Cad File from DIALux and the DIALux
Plans DIALux program and the Project + Cad File Used.
lighting design).

Any old designs from the Output folder (make

Mechanical Power System sure to add the date to each file name) in
Plans addition to any old revisions.

Low Current
Panel Schedule
Plans

Client SLD or Single Line Diagram

Requirements of the System

Interior Design BOQ and Specifications of the

Project.
 Preparing Architectural Drawings
▶ Put each floor in a separate DWG file to make AutoCAD fast and light.
▶ Convert the color of the drawing into grey (code 8) or code (252) by exploding blocks or changing the colors of the
layers.
▶ Hide unnecessary axes in the drawing.
▶ Lock the architecture layers to prevent any modifications to it.
 Building Electrical load calculations

◾ Building Electrical load calculations are essential in electrical installations to determine the electrical
load requirements and ensure that the electrical system can safely and effectively meet the building's
power needs.
 Types of Loads
▶ Connected load = summation of all the loads in the electrical system.
▶ Not all these loads are operating at the same time, that’s why when we
design any lighting circuit or power circuit, we multiply the connected
load of the circuits by the demand factor.
▶ This is done for each type: lighting circuits*D.F and power
circuits*D.F.
▶ Demand factor = Maximum demand of a system/Total connected load
on the system.
▶ In lighting circuits, we assume a 100% demand factor, and for power
circuits, we assume 85%.
▶ These values are critical when selecting cables and breakers.
▶ Demand factor (in IEC, Factor of maximum utilization ku)
▶ Demand factor is less than 1.
▶ Demand factor is only considered for main loads such as lighting, air
conditioning, and sockets.
 Types of Loads
▶ After this step, we will have a large group of panels,
We take those panels and multiply them by the
coincidence factor or divide by the diversity factor to
get the coincident load or diversified load.
▶ The diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of the
individual maximum demands of the various
subdivisions of a system to the maximum demand of
the whole system.
▶ Diversity factor (in IEC, Simultaneity factor (ks)
(Coincidence factor) = Inverse of Diversity factor–
IEC 61439).
▶ Diversity factor is always greater than 1.
Load Estimation
Different Methods
 Step 1: Defining our Loads

Device Number Power/device (W) Number Energy (Wh)

of Hours
Led 4 10 W 5 200 Wh

TV 1 100 W 10 1000 Wh

Fan 2 70 W 7 980 Wh

Refrigerator 1 300 W 10 3000 Wh

Laptop 1 80 W 8 640 Wh

Washing 1 300 W 2 600 Wh

machine
Total 860 W 6420 Wh/day
 Area Concept
▶ Plot area: It is the area of the entire project plot of land, and it includes built-up and unbuilt-up areas such
as garages and gardens.
▶ Footprint area: The area used for construction is only part of the project plot
▶ Built-up area: It is equal to the ground floor area (footprint area) + area of all the floors.
 𝟐
Overall Method VA/𝒎 = Building Area
Method
▶ According to the electricity company regulations:
▶ Luxury housing or real estate = 6 kVA for each 100 𝑚2.
▶ Affordable housing or real estate = 4 kVA for each 100 𝑚2.
▶ Commercial and administration buildings = 10 kVA for each 100
2
𝑚.
▶ Take a diversity factor of 0.8 at transformers, pillars, and
substations.
 𝟐
Overall Method VA/𝒎 (Saudi Arabia Code)
 District Cooling

▶ A district cooling system (DCS) distributes cooling capacity in the form of chilled water or other medium from a central
source to multiple buildings through a network of underground pipes.
 𝟐
Overall Method VA/𝒎 (Saudi Arabia Code)
Overall Method VA/𝒎 𝟐 (Saudi
Arabia Code)
 Exact Method

▶ We look at the previously created projects that we have already done in our company.
▶ Based on these projects, we can estimate how much VA is required in a hospital or hotel or any other
projects.
▶ This is the most accurate method but needs to have a large database of previous projects with their
characteristics.
▶ Another way is to go to the electricity company related to your area and ask them for load estimation
numbers for a building like the one you are constructing.