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Understanding Probability Concepts

The document discusses fundamental concepts of probability, including sample space, relative probability, and complement probability. It explains various methods for calculating probabilities in different scenarios, such as with and without replacement, and introduces tree diagrams for visualizing outcomes. Additionally, it covers cases where probabilities change over trials and provides examples to illustrate these concepts.

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lea.hamdallah
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views11 pages

Understanding Probability Concepts

The document discusses fundamental concepts of probability, including sample space, relative probability, and complement probability. It explains various methods for calculating probabilities in different scenarios, such as with and without replacement, and introduces tree diagrams for visualizing outcomes. Additionally, it covers cases where probabilities change over trials and provides examples to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

lea.hamdallah
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Probability

[Link]
fent

ProbabilitysckiffiittIII
all possible outcomes of an event
Sample Space
samplespace
ex if your roll a dice
1345,6
relative probability of desireditem [Link]

balls Find the


expected
ex given to red balls 4 blue
a blue ball if you take ball
number of times you'llget a

another ball 50 times


then replace it with

P blue

of blue balls So 20times


estimate no

Probability of sample space


Note B C D
A
ex
1 45 cute 2 [Link] 21 get
Complement probability event A
complement of event A not A
mt
ex P blue balls P no blueballs

Emmet P seeds don'tgrow


seedsgrow
p

P that different ces P stere the

no greenballs
Eu or P
p
complement of A
A

PLAY
PLATT
I
I

PCS
diagram set A set
Possibility
ex outcomes are given
by adding set
A outcmt 5 5 6
set B outcome

seta 2,455,680B
l
set B 1 5,616

two events
used to represent
Two table
way
ex Pass Fail

Girls

P
P Piled If
PC b
event A Car event B P AUB

PCB P AMB
P AUB PCA
[Link] Eaen
events that cannot
Mutually exclusive events
time PCAMBI of
happen at the
same

PCAITPIBI
PCAUBJ [Link]
mutually exclusive
events

event A events P AMB


multiply

Probability of P A PCB
A and eventB
Tree diagram mutiplescenarios
5 balls red 4 balls blue you
take 2 balls

from the box

2ⁿᵈ ball
1ˢᵗ ball blue

Kred
e

lred red

exi a box contains cards 112,3 I pick


a
cards from the box
2ⁿᵈ card
1ˢᵗ card

I
3
ex wake up early then I take the bus
or wake up late then I take the bus

Time Bus
Yes
early
no

yes

iateK_ of items will never change


with replacement no

replacement no_ofitems decrease by


without
each step

Nate for spinner dice coin ms Probability doesn't

treat it as events that incander replacement

for people changes with each


probability
stage on the tree diagram
as events that doesnt include replacement

than 4 scenarios
for events that has more
less
complement in
the
check if you can get
number of scenarios

ex find Probability of getting different


colors

blue

blue e

green

red
green
blue
green

It is obvious that find the probability of


the same color instead
getting
calculate PC
at 1 P same
Then
[Link]
Addition

oTtgt
or

For tree diagrams

Mutiniatiaththesamoff
within different cases
Addition

nth trials
agent

with replacement
fbii añ

Princess
Eg
P fail 1 P success
usingtrialanderrorf

without replacement change not constat


P Eggs Is
write an equation for each trail
nth trail questions you're given the
probability that you'll succeed in the trail

number n and you're asked to get the value


of n

Case 1 Probabilities of success and fail


doesn't change

P fail 1 P success

Cn 11 times then succeed in the


you'll fail in

nth trail so
p fail d
P success P
use trail and error method for this equation

to find the value of n


case 2 Probabilities of success and fail
changes

Probability of success and fail decrease every


can't use the same equation
stage so we

used in case instead we write an

equation for each stage

ex
p success P fail

not success from 1sttraill

2
from 2ⁿᵈ
1
success trail

n 3
success from 3ʳᵈ tri

1 4 successfrom 4ᵗʰtraill

stop when you get the same probability as


of success in nth trail that
the probability
will be given in the question by that
you'll find the value of n

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