D”P gva¨wgK ● K…wlwkÿv (cÖ_g cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

wØZxq Aa¨vq : f~wg m¤ú„³ K…wl cÖhyw³

1. Avey bv‡mi GKRb Mixe K…lK| Zvi Rwg‡Z fv‡jv dmj Dcv`v‡bi PjvPj e…w× cvq| d‡j †e‡j gvwU‡K †`vAvuk
nq bv| Ab¨w`‡K Zvi cv‡ki Rwgi gvwjK Kwig wgqvi gvwU‡Z cwiYZ Kiv hvq|
Kv‡Q Zvui fv‡jv dmj Drcv`‡bi KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| AYyRxe mvi g…wËKvq Ca, Mg mg…× ˆRe c`v_© n‡q hvq|
wZwb Zvui AYyRxe mvi e¨env‡ii civgk© †`b hv Avey evqy, cvwb, Dw™¢` wkKo, g…wËKv ev‡qvUvi PjvPj e…w×
bv‡mi‡K Avkvbyiƒc dmj Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i| cvq| cwj ev Gu‡Uj gvwUi m‡½ AYyRxe mvi cª‡qvM Ki‡j
K. ev‡qv dvbwRmvBW Kx? †e‡j gvwU‡K mn‡R †`vAvuk gvwU‡Z cwiYZ Kiv hvq|
L. AYyRxe mvi cwi‡ek-evÜe †Kb? †e‡o
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mviwU Kxfv‡e fv‡jv dmj AYyRxe mvi GKwU DËg ˆRe mvi| mvaviY g…wËKvi Zyjbvq
Drcv`‡b mnvqK? e¨vL¨v Ki| GB mv‡i wnDgvm, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dm‡dU I cUvwkqv‡gi
N. †eu‡j gvwU‡K †`vAvuk gvwU‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi †¶‡Î cwigvY A‡bK †ewk| d‡j GB mvi cª‡qv‡M g…wËKvq ˆRe-
DwjøwLZ mviwU f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i Kx? †Zvgvi ivmvqwbK wewµqv †e‡o hvq| wnDgvm, Ca, Mg Gi
Dˇii mc‡¶ gZvgZ `vI| Avwa‡K¨i d‡j gvwUi mshyw³i Dbœqb N‡U| AYyRx‡ei
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi Kvh©µg e…w× cvq| e…nr g…wËKv KYvq ewnivei‡Y AYyRx‡ei
K. †h me AYyRxe gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y e…w×i cvkvcvwk gvwU‡Z K‡jvwb M‡o I‡V| GK ch©vq e…nr KYvi fvOb ïiæ nq
Dcw¯’Z wewfbœ QÎvK RvZxq RxevYy aŸsm K‡i Zv‡K ev‡qv Ges †e‡j gvwU †`vAvuk gvwU‡Z cwiYZ nq|
dvbwRmvBW e‡j|
L. dm‡ji djb e…w× Ges gvwUi Ee©iZv e…w× K‡i AYyRxe 2. Rmxg Dwχbi GjvKvq †LRyi, Zvj, †jey, Lye fvj nq|
mvi ivmvqwbK mvi A‡c¶v AwaK cwi‡ekevÜe f~wgKv gaycy‡ii Avbvim LvIqvi ci †mI H Rv‡Zi Avbvim Pv‡li
cvjb K‡i| †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ Avbvi‡mi gvb I djb Lye Kg nq| Rmxg
ivmvqwbK Dcv`vbgy³ AYyRxe mv‡i cªvq meUyKy Dw™¢` DwÏb Zvi GjvKvq K…wlwe‡`i civgk©µ‡g Avbvim Pv‡l
KZ©…K †kvwlZ n‡Z cv‡i d‡j Rwgi dmj Drcv`‡b mdj nq|
ivmvqwbK mv‡ii Dci wbf©ikxjZv K‡g| AYyRxe mv‡i K. g…wËKv eybU Kx?
¶wZKi †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb _v‡K bv Ges Drcvw`Z dm‡jI L. ˆRe c`v_© Kxfv‡e gvwUi †fŠZ ¸Yvewj DbœZ K‡i?
†Kv‡bv ¶wZKviK Dcv`vb _v‡K bv| g~jZ ¶wZKi M. Rmxg Dwχbi GjvKvi gvwUi ˆewk󨸇jv e¨vL¨v
Dcv`vb bv _vKv Ges ivmvqwbK mvi Kg cª‡qvRb nIqvq Ki|
AYyRxe mvi cwi‡ek evÜe| N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K K…wlwe‡`i civg‡k©i h_v_©Zv
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ mviwU n‡jv AYyRxe mvi| AYyRxe mvi we‡kølY Ki|
fvj dmj Drcv`‡b, mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| wb‡P Zv 2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
eY©bv Kiv n‡jv- K. gvwUi GKK KYvi cvi¯úwiK AbycvZ Øviv m…ó¯’~jZv‡K ev
AYyRxe mvi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mv‡ii weKí wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| m~²Zv‡K gvwUi eybU e‡j|
gvwU‡Z evZvm n‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb †hvM K‡i| AYyRx‡ei L. cPv AveR©bv, meyR mvi, †Mvei, ˆLj, nvum-gyiwMi weôv
msL¨v I Kvh©vewj Kgvq| avb, Wvj I wkg RvZxq dm‡j ÔBZ¨vw`‡K ˆRe c`v_© ejv nq| gvwUi De©iZv Ges
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i| dm‡ji djb evovq Drcv`b ¶gZv e…wׇZ ˆRe c`v‡_©i f~wgKv LyeB
†hgb- gmy‡i 15-40%, †Qvjv‡Z 20-45%, gy‡M 18- ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G c`v_©wU‡K ejv nq gvwUi Rb¨ me‡P‡q
35% Ges mqvwe‡b 20-25%| †Kv‡bv cvk¦©cªwZwµqv †bB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask| ˆRe c`v_© gvwUi AYyRxe¸‡jv‡K wµqvkxj
Ges cwi‡ek‡K my¯’ iv‡L| dm‡ji Rwg‡Z GB mvi K‡i, cvwb aviY¶gZv evovq, gvwU‡Z wnDgvm m…wó K‡i
ˆRemvi ms‡hvM K‡i| gvwU‡Z ¶wZKi RxevYy bó K‡i hv gvwUi De©iZvi Rb¨ LyeB `iKvwi| Gfv‡e ˆRe c`v_©
Ges AcPq Kg nq I cwigv‡Y Lye Kg jv‡M| AYyRxe gvwUi MVb‡K DbœZ Kivi gva¨‡g gvwUi †fŠZ ¸Yvewj
mv‡ii cªvq mKj Ask †kvlY‡hvM¨ Ges cwi‡ekevÜe DbœZ K‡i|
nIqvq dm‡ji gvb Dbœq‡b e¨vcK mnvqK f~wgKv cvj‡b M. DÏxc‡Ki Rmxg Dwχbi GjvKvq †h‡nZy †LRyi, Zvj,
K‡i| †jey Lye fv‡jv nq myZivs Rmxg Dwχbi GjvKvi gvwU
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ AYyRxe mvi †e‡j gvwU‡K †`vAvuk ¶vixq| wb‡P ¶vixq gvwUi ˆewk󨸇jv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
gvwU‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| 1. ¶vixq g…wËKvq pH gvb mvaviYZ 7.1 †_‡K 10 Gi
wb‡P †e‡j gvwU‡K †`vAvuk gvwU‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi †¶‡Î g‡a¨ _v‡K|
AYyRxe mv‡ii f~wgKv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv| AYyRxe mv‡ii 2. GB g…wËKvq ESP (Exchangable Sodium
wnDgvm g…wËKvi KYvmg~n‡K `jv m…wó‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Percentage) 15% Gi †ewk nq||
d‡j g…wËKvq mwVK mshyw³ m…wó nq| cvwb, evqy, cywó
 3. GB g…wËKvq SAR (Sodium Absorption vii. ¶vi RvZxq gvwU‡Z ch©vß cwigv‡Y wPwb K‡ji
Ratio) 13% Gi †ewk nq| eR¨©`ªe¨ cª‡qvM K‡i Pvlvev` Ki‡j g…wËKvi ¶viZ¡
4. †mvwWqv‡gi Zyjbvq K¨vjwmqvg I g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi K‡g hvq|
cwigvY †ewk n‡j †mB g…wËKv‡K jeYv³ g…wËKv myZivs D³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq, Rmxg
e‡j| d‡j gvwUi DcwifvM mv`v e‡Y©i †`Lvq| Dwχbi GjvKvi ¶vixq gvwU ms‡kvab K‡i A¤øxq gvwU‡Z
5. g…wËKvq K¨vjwmqvg I g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi Zyjbvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g Zvi Rwg‡Z Avbvim Pvl Kiv m¤¢e|
†mvwWqv‡gi kZKiv nvi †ewk n‡j D³ g…wËKv‡K AZGe DÏxc‡Ki K…wlwe‡`i civgk© h_v_© wQj|
¶vixq g…wËKv e‡j| Na ˆRe c`v‡_©i `ªæZ wew”Qbœ
Kivq gvwUi DcwifvM Kvj‡P †`Lvq| 3. Kwd‡ji evev `xN©w`b hver Piv‡j Pxbvev`vg I ZigyR
6. AYyRx‡ei Kvh©µg `ye©j nIqvq ˆRe c`v‡_©i Pvl K‡i AvmwQ‡jb| evevi g…Z¨yi ci †m Zvi Rwg‡Z gvV
we‡qvRb Kg nq| dmj Pv‡li B”Qvq K…wl Awd‡m wM‡q civgk© Pvq | K…wl
7. †mvwWqv‡gi cªvavb¨ _vK‡j g…wËKvi cªv_wgK Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K gvwUi eybU cwieZ©‡bi civgk© w`‡j Kwdj
KYvmg~n ci¯úi †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡o| civgk© †gvZv‡eK KvR K‡i gvV dmj Pv‡l m¶g nq|
8. g…wËKvq `¯Ív, †evib I Zvgvi ¯^íZv †`Lv †`q| Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K AviI e‡jb, 'gvwUi eybU we‡ePbvq †i‡L
9. g…wËKvq evZvbœqb Ges cvwb cwievwnZvi nvi K‡g dmj wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ|'
hvq| K. SRI Gi c~Y©i~c Kx?
10. ¶vixq g…wËKvq K`g ev Gu‡Uj KYv I ˆRe c`v‡_©i L. f~wg¶q g…wËKvq Kx cªfve †d‡j?
cwigvY Kg nq| M. Kwdj‡K K…wl Kg©KZ©v †h civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb
11. ¶vixq g…wËKvq bvwi‡Kj, mycvwi, Zvj †LRyi, DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Zv eY©bv Ki|
myMviweU, †K¬vfvi, Avjdv-Avjdv BZ¨vw` km¨ N. DÏxc‡Ki †k‡lv³ evK¨wU we‡kølY Ki|
fv‡jv R‡b¥| 3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
N. DÏxc‡Ki Rmxg Dwχbi GjvKvi gvwU ¶vixq| D³ K. SRI - Gi c~Y©i~c n‡jv- System of Rice
GjvKvq †LRyi, Zvj, †jey Lye fv‡jv n‡jI Avbvim Gi Intensification.
djb Lye Kg nq| GRb¨ K…wl Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K g…wËKv L. f~wg¶‡qi Kvi‡Y gvwU †_‡K K`©gKYv, wnDgvm, ˆRe
ms‡kvab K‡i Avbvim Pv‡li civgk© †`b hv‡Z Rmxg c`v_© cªf…wZ Acmvi‡Yi d‡j gvwUi De©iZv K‡g hvq| hvi
DwÏb mdj nb| wb‡P K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k©i h_v_©Zv d‡j Dw™¢‡`i Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi AcPq N‡U Drcv`b ¶gZv
we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv- nªvm cvq| Gi d‡j f~-c…ô g…wËKvq AYy‰RweK Kg©KvÐ
gvwU‡Z A¤øZ¡ ev ¶vi‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y dm‡ji Drcv`b K‡g w¯’wgZ n‡q hvq| AwZwi³ f~wg¶‡qi cªfv‡e MvQcvjv g‡i
†M‡j dmj Drcv`b K‡g hvq| †m‡¶‡Î wewfbœ cªwµqvi wM‡q gvwU giæf~wg‡Z iƒc wb‡Z cv‡i|
gva¨‡g Rwgi Ee©iZv e…w× I Pv‡lvc‡hvMx K‡i M‡o M. Kwdj Piv‡ji evwm›`v nIqvq Zvi Rwgi gvwU †e‡j
†Zvjv‡KB gvwU ms‡kvab ejv nq| ¶vixq gvwU ms‡kvab cªK…wZi| †m GB †e‡j cªK…wZi gvwU‡Z gvV dmj Pvl Ki‡e
K‡i A¤øxq gvwU‡Z fv‡jv R‡b¥ Ggb dmj Pvlvev` Kiv e‡j K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civgk© PvBj| K…wl Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K
nq| gvwU †_‡K ¶viZ¡ `~i Ki‡Z K…wlwe` wb‡gœv³ civgk© Rwgi gvwUi eybU iƒcvšÍ‡ii civgk© w`‡jb| Avi K…wl
†`b- Kg©KZ©vi civgk© Abymv‡i †e‡j gvwU‡Z gvV dmj Pvl
i. ¶vixq g…wËKvi wRcmvg mvi e¨envi K‡i g…wËKvi Ki‡Z PvB‡j Kwdj‡K Rwgi gvwUi eybU iƒcvšÍi K‡i
¶viZ¡ nªvm Kiv hvq| †`vAvuk cªK…wZi Ki‡Z n‡e| Kwdj wb‡gœv³ c×wZ‡Z
ii. MÜK ev mvjdvi e¨envi K‡i gvwUi ¶viZ¡ nªvm Kiv gvwUi eybU iƒcvšÍi K‡i gvV dmj Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx Ki‡e|
hvq| i. gvwU‡Z cªPyi cwigv‡Y ˆRe mvi †hgb- †Mvei mvi,
iii. wewfbœ cªKvi ˆRe mvi †hgb- †Mvei, meyR mvi, meyR mvi, K‡¤úv÷ mvi, LvgviRvZ mvi, †Ku‡Pv
LvgviRvZ mvi, K‡¤úv÷ mvi, †Ku‡Pv mvi e¨envi mvi I Ab¨vb¨ ˆRe mvi cª‡qvM K‡i Zv gvwUi mv‡_
Ki‡j g…wËKvi ¶viZ¡ nªvm cvq | wgwk‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb|
iv. gvwU‡Z ch©vß cwigvY jeYhy³ cvwb †mP w`‡q Gi ii. Rwgi gvwUi m‡½ ch©vß cwigvY Gu‡Uj gvwU wgwk‡q
weKv‡ki e¨e¯’v Ki‡j gvwU †_‡K ¶vi`ªe¨ ay‡q gvwU w`‡qwQ‡jb|
¶vigy³ nq| iii. Rwg‡Z AvBj †eu‡a cªPyi cwigvY †mP cª‡qv‡Mi ci
v. g…wËKvq RxevYy mvi e¨envi K‡i g…wËKvi ¶viZ¡ nªvm cvwb Rgv †i‡L gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y DbœZ K‡iwQ‡jb|
Kiv hvq| iv. e…wócv‡Zi mgq cvwbevwnZ cwjgvwU Rwg‡Z AvU‡K
vi. ¶vixq gvwUi DcwifvM †d‡j w`‡q †mLv‡b ivLvi e¨e¯’v K‡iwQ‡jb|
†mvwWqvghy³ gvwU cªwZ¯’vcb K‡i ¶viZ¡ nªvm Kiv v. Rwg‡Z DËgiƒ‡c Mfxi Pv‡li gva¨‡g gvwUi KYv
hvq| ¯’vbvšÍi K‡iwQ‡jb|
 vi. ˆekvL gv‡m Rwg‡Z aBÂv exR ecb K‡i MvQ 4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
25/30 Bw j¤^v K‡i Zv gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q K. dm‡ji djb e…w× I Mv‡Qi RxebPµ m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨
w`‡qwQ‡jb| cª‡qvRbxq cwigvY I Dchy³ mg‡q K…wÎgfv‡e weï× cvwb
vii. Rg‡Z ch©vß cwigv‡Y QvB cª‡qvM K‡i Zv gvwUi mieivn Kiv‡K †mP e‡j|
mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| L. wkg RvZxq Dw™¢`‡K wbw`©ó eq‡m meyR I m‡ZR Ae¯’vq
Dc‡iv³ KvR¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e Ki‡Z cvi‡j Kwdj Zvi Pv‡li gva¨‡g gvwUi wb‡P †d‡j cPv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡j †h
Rwgi gvwU gvV dmj Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx K‡i Zyj‡Z cvi‡e| ˆRe c`v_©mg…× e¯Íyi m…wó nq Zv‡K meyR mvi e‡j| meyR
N. DÏxc‡Ki †k‡lv³ evK¨wU 'gvwUi eybU we‡ePbvq †i‡L mvi wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ Dw™¢`¸‡jv n‡”Q- aBÅv, kY, eiewU,
dmj wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ|' wb‡P evK¨wU we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv Bwcj-Bwcj, gyM, KjvB, Aoni, †Lmvwi, mqvweb,
me ai‡bi gvwU‡Z me dmj fv‡jv R‡b¥ bv| gvwUi eyb‡Ui Avjdv Avjdv BZ¨vw`| meyR mvi Rwg‡Z ˆRe c`v_© I
ai‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i dmj Rb¥v‡bvi cªK…wZ‡ZI wfbœZv bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi †hvMvb evovq|
cwijw¶Z nq| eybU n‡jv gvwUi evjy, cwj I K`©gKYvi M. Pvu` wgqv Zvi Rwg‡Z cªwZeQi avb, gwiP, Avjy Pvl
Zyjbvg~jK AbycvZ ev kZKiv nvi| dmj Drcv`‡b gvwUi K‡ib| ZvB Zvi Rwgi gvwU †`vAvuk cªK…wZi| wKš‘ MZ
eyb‡Ui f~wgKv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| gvwUi eybU cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ eQi hgybv b`xi cvwb‡Z Zvi Rwg Wy‡e hvIqvq cwj covi
mv‡_ dm‡ji g‡a¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi ZviZg¨ nq Zv wb‡Pi cwie‡Z© evjy‡Z †W‡K Rwg‡K km¨ Drcv`‡bi Abychy³
D`vniY¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ †evSv hv‡e| K‡i †d‡j‡Q| GgZve¯’vq Pvu` wgqv w`‡knviv n‡q Dc
1. †e‡j eyb‡Ui gvwU K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx bq, mnKvix K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civgk© PvB‡j Zv‡K Rwg‡Z ˆRe
Z‡e evjyi KYv wgwn n‡j Ges gvwU‡Z cªPyi †Mvei, c`v_© †hvMmn AviI wKQy welq e¨e¯’v wb‡Z ej‡jb| G‡Z
K‡¤úv÷, meyR mvi BZ¨vw` cª‡qvM Ki‡j wPbv, Pvu` wgqv Rwg‡Z ˆRe c`v_© wn‡m‡e meyR mvi, K‡¤úv÷
KvDb, dywU, ZigyR, ev`vg, Avjy Gme dmj Pvl mvi, LvgviRvZ mvi, †Ku‡Pvi mvi e¨envi Ki‡jb| GQvov
Kiv hvq| wZwb Zvi Rwg‡Z †e‡j gvwUi m‡½ ch©vß cwigv‡Y Gu‡Uj
2. gvwUi eybU †e‡j †`vAvuk cªK…wZi n‡j †mLv‡b gyjv, gvwU wgwk‡q gvwU‡K †`vAvuk gvwU‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡jb| d‡j
ZvgvK, gwiP Gme dmj fv‡jv R‡b¥| Rwgi Dcwifv‡M †ivjvi hš¿ Pvjv‡bvi Øviv †e‡j gvwU †P‡c
3. gvwUi eybU cwj †`vAvuk cªK…wZi n‡j avb, cvU, Mg, wb‡q wbgœ¯Í‡ii gvwU Dc‡i D‡V G‡m †`vAvu‡k cwiYZ nq|
AvL, Avjy I kvKmewR fv‡jv R‡b¥| GQvovI wZwb Rwg‡Z ch©vß cwigv‡Y †m‡Pi e¨e¯’v K‡ib,
4. Gu‡Uj †`vAvuk eyb‡Ui gvwU‡Z avb, Zyjv, Mg, Wvj, AvBj †eu‡a cvwb Rgv K‡i iv‡Lb, e…wócv‡Zi mgq
†ZjexR dmj fv‡jv R‡b¥| cvwbevwnZ cwjgvwU Rwg‡Z AvUwK‡q iv‡Lb| Gfv‡e Pvu`
5. Gu‡Uj eyb‡Ui gvwU‡Z avb, cvU, AvL I kvKmewR wgqvi Rwg †e‡j †_‡K †`vAvuk iƒcvšÍ‡ii d‡j Zvi Rwg
fv‡jv R‡b¥| Avevi c~‡e©i g‡Zv De©i I Drcv`b¶g n‡q‡Q Ges
Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv hvq, mvgvb¨ wKQy dmj cieZ©x‡Z Zvi Rwg‡Z dm‡ji fv‡jv djb nq Ges wZwb
e¨wZµg ev‡` gvwUi eybU cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ dm‡jiI jvfevb nb|
cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| ZvB eybU I dm‡ji cªK…wZ hvPvB bv K‡i N. K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k©i Av‡jv‡K Pvu` wgqvi Kg©Kv‡Ði
dmj Pvl Ki‡j Drcv`b wewN&bZ n‡e| h_v_©Zv wb‡P g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡jv Pvu` wgqv GKRb K…lK|
wZwb cªwZeQi avb, gwiP, Avjy Pvl K‡i jvfevb nb| wKš‘
4. Pvu` wgqv GKRb K…lK| wZwb cªwZeQi avb, gwiP, Avjy MZ eQi hgybv b`xi cvwb‡Z Zvi Rwg Wy‡e hvq| d‡j
Pvl K‡i jvfevb n‡q _v‡Kb| wKš‘ MZ eQi hgybv b`xi Rwg‡Z cwjgvwU covi cwie‡Z© †e‡j gvwU‡Z Zvi Rwg
cvwb †e‡o hvIqvq we¯ÍxY© GjvKv Wy‡e hvq| cvwb †b‡g †X‡K hvq| wKš‘ †e‡j gvwU‡Z Zvi PvlK…Z dmj Drcv`b
hvIqvi ci cwj gvwUi cwie‡Z© evjy‡Z Zvi me Rwg †W‡K m¤¢e bq| GgZve¯’vq wZwb w`‡knviv n‡q Dc-mnKvix K…wl
hvq| wZwb GLb gv_vq nvZ w`‡q †Pv‡Li cvwb †dj‡Qb| Kg©KZ©vi civgk© PvB‡jb| K…wl Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K Rwgi gvwUi
GB †`‡L Dc-mnKvix K…wl Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K ˆRe c`v_© †hvM eybU cwieZ©‡bi civgk© w`‡jb| K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k©
Kivmn AviI wKQy wel‡q e¨e¯’v wb‡q Rwgi ¸Yv¸Y DbœZ Pvu` wgqv Zvi Rwg‡Z ˆRe c`v_© wn‡m‡e meyR hvi,
Kivi civgk© w`‡jb| †m Abyhvqx KvR K‡i Pvu` wgqv Zvi K‡¤úv÷ mvi, LvgviRvZ mvi I †Ku‡Pv mvi cª‡qvM
Rwg‡Z Avevi dmj Pvl K‡i jvfevb n‡jb| Zv‡K Ki‡jb| GQvovI wZwb Zvi Rwg‡Z Gu‡Uj gvwU wgwk‡q
AbymiY K‡i Ab¨vb¨ K…lKI DcK…Z n‡jb| Ab¨vb¨ Avbylw½K KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi Rwgi
K. †mP Kx? gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y cwiewZ©Z n‡q DbœZ nq| d‡j Zvi Rwgi
L. meyR mvi ej‡Z Kx †evS? gvwU‡Z †e‡j KYvi cªvavb¨ _vKv cvwbe×Zv m…wó nq bv,
M. Pvu` wgqv Kxfv‡e Zvi Rwg‡Z dmj Pvl K‡i jvfevb Kl©Y KvR mnR nq, gvwU †Xjv nq bv, gvwUi mshyw³ DbœZ
n‡jb- e¨vL¨v Ki| n‡q cvwb aviY I †kvlY ¶gZv fv‡jv nq| G‡Z wZwb
N. K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k©i Av‡jv‡K Pvu` wgqvi dmj Pvl K‡i AwaK djb cvb Ges jvfevb nb| Pvu`
Kg©Kv‡Ði h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| wgqv hw` K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© Rwgi gvwUi eybU cwieZ©b
 bv K‡i dmj Pvl Ki‡Zb Zvn‡j dmj Drcv`b fv‡jv e¨envi K‡i av‡bi Drcv`b LiP Kgvi mv‡_ mv‡_ cvwb I
n‡Zv bv Ges wZwb ¶wZMª¯Í n‡Zb| evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK R¡vjvwb mvkªq n‡e| Gfv‡eB AWD c×wZwU jvfRbKfv‡e
K…lK mwVK civg‡k©i Afv‡e dmj Drcv`‡b e¨_© n‡q dmj Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
¶wZMª¯Í n‡”Qb| hv DÏxc‡K Pvu` wgqvi †ejvq N‡Uwb| N. MwY wgqvi †`Lv avb Pvl c×wZwU n‡jv SRI c×wZ| SRI
D³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq, K…wl Kg©KZ©vi c×wZ‡Z cªwZwU avbMv‡Qi mgvb hZœ †bIqv nq| G‡Z Kg
civg‡k© Pvu` wgqvi dmj Drcv`‡bi Kg©KvÐ h_v_©Zv wQj| eq‡mi Pviv †ivcY Kiv nq Ges cªwZwU ¸wQ‡Z 1wU Pviv
†ivcY Kiv nq| GQvov Pviv eM©vKv‡i †ivcY Kiv nq nq|
5. MwY wgqv MZvbyMwZK c×wZ‡Z avb Pvl K‡ib| wKš‘ G e‡j exR, mvi I †mP Kg jv‡M| GWwe-DwW c×wZ‡Z †mP
eQi imyjcyi Mªv‡g wZwb †`L‡Z cvb †h K…l‡Kiv `kw`b †`Iqv gv‡b cvwbi AcPq †iva Kiv| cªPwjZ c×wZ‡Z
eq‡mi Pviv eM©vKvi †ivcY K‡i‡Qb| Zviv cªwZ †MvQvq AvMvQv `g‡b LiP I mgq †ewk jv‡M e‡j GmAviAvB
GKwU K‡i Pviv †ivcY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Rwg‡Z cvwb †`L‡Z c×wZ‡Z hvwš¿Kfv‡e AvMvQv `gb Kiv nq| avb Drcv`‡b
†c‡jb bv wKš‘ gvwU‡Z Lvovfv‡e cyu‡Z †`Iqv K‡qKwU Kg mgq jvMvq Rwg e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ AwaK mgq cvIqv
wQ`ªhy³ cvBc †`L‡Z cvb | cieZ©x‡Z wZwb Dc-mnKvix hvq| cvkvcvwk G c×wZ cwi‡ek ¶wZKi wg‡_b M¨vm
K…wl Kg©KZ©vi wbKU †_‡K G wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z wbM©g‡bi nvi‡K Kwg‡q †`q| myZivs Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv
cv‡ib| †_‡K ejv hvq, SRI c×wZwU avb Pv‡li Rb¨ jvfRbK
K. gvjwPs Kx? Ges Dchy³ c×wZ|
L. gvwUi De©iZv e…wׇZ †Ku‡Pvi f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki †mP e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZwU jvfRbKfv‡e 6. meyi wgqv MZvbyMwZK c×wZ‡Z avb Pvl K‡ib| wKš‘ G
dmj Drcv`‡b Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| eQi we‡bv`cyi Mªv‡g wZwb †`L‡Z cvb †h, K…lKiv `k w`b
N. MwY wgqvi †`Lv avb Pvl c×wZwU Mªn‡Yi †hŠw³KZv eq‡mi Pviv eM©vKv‡i †ivcY K‡i‡Qb| Zviv cªwZ †MvQvq
g~j¨vqb Ki| GKwU K‡i Pviv †ivcY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Rwg‡Z cvwb †`L‡Z
5 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi †c‡jb bv wKš‘ gvwU‡Z Lvovfv‡e cyu‡Z †`Iqv K‡qKwU
K. gvwUi Av`ª©Zv I cywó msi¶‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ gvwUi Dcwifv‡M wQ`ªhy³ cvBc †`L‡Z cvb| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb Dc‡Rjv K…wl
av‡bi Lo, jZvcvZv, KPywicvbv BZ¨vw` ˆRe c`v_© w`‡q Kg©KZ©vi wbKU †_‡K G wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z cv‡ib|
†X‡K †`IqvB n‡jv gvjwPs| K. gvwUi eybU Kx?
L. gvwUi De©iZv e…wׇZ †Ku‡Pvi f~wgKv e¨vcK| gvwU‡K L. gvwUi pH Rvbv cª‡qvRb †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
AvjMv, dvucv I big iv‡L d‡j gvwUi Mfx‡i Av‡jv evZvm M. DÏxc‡Ki †mP e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZwU jvfRbKfv‡e
I cvwb mn‡R cª‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avevi fvwg©K‡¤úv÷ dmj Drcv`‡b Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
ˆZwi‡ZI e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q †Ku‡Pv| Gi weôvq eûwea N. meyi wgqvi †`Lv avb Pvl c×wZwU Mªn‡Yi †hŠw³KZv
ivmvqwbK c`v_©, Dr‡mPK, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Ave×Kvix g~j¨vqb Ki|
bvBwUªdvBs I A¨v‡gvwbdvBs e¨vK‡Uwiqvmn A‡bK ai‡bi 6 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
RxevYy I Dw™¢` e…w×i mnvqK Bb‡Wvj †hŠM Dcw¯’Z _v‡K| K. gvwUi GKK KYvi cvi¯úwiK AbycvZ Øviv m…ó¯’~jZv‡K ev
d‡j gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v_© hy³ nq cvwb aviY ¶gZv ev‡o m~²Zv‡K gvwUi eybU e‡j|
Ges gvwU De©i nq| L. gvwUi pH n‡jv gvwU‡Z nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Avq‡bi Nb‡Z¡i
M. DÏxc‡Ki †mP e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZwU n‡jv AWD c×wZ AWD FYvZ¥K jMvwi`g| GwU gvwUi GKwU ivmvqwbK ag© hv Gi
c×wZ jvfRbKfv‡e dmj Drcv`‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| wb‡P De©iZv‡KI wb‡`©k K‡i| me gvwU‡Z me dmj fv‡jv nq
Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv- bv| gvwUi pH gv‡bi (A¤øZv, ¶viKZv I wbi‡c¶Zv)
avb Drcv`‡b †m‡Pi LiP GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Ici †Kvb dmj fv‡jv Rb¥v‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i| †Kvb dmj
Av‡Q| †ev‡iv avb Drcv`‡b gvwU †f‡` 1 †KwR avb A¤øxq gvwU‡Z fv‡jv R‡b¥, †hgb- Pv, Kwd, †jey BZ¨vw`|
Drcv`‡b 3000-5000 wjUvi cvwb e¨envi Kiv nq| hv Avevi †Kvb dmj ¶vixq gvwU‡Z fv‡jv R‡b¥, †hgb
cª‡qvR‡bi Zyjbvq A‡bK †ewk| AWD c×wZ‡Z †mP cª`vb bvwi‡Kj, mycvwi, AvL BZ¨vw`| Z‡e AwaKvsk dmjB
Kiv n‡j mbvZb †mP c×wZi †P‡q kZKiv 20-25 fvM wbi‡c¶ gvwU‡Z fv‡jv R‡b¥| ZvB gvwUi pH gvb †R‡b
cvwb mvkªq nq| G c×wZwU gvV ch©v‡q mn‡R e¨envi Kiv †mB Abyhvqx dmj Pvl Ki‡j jvfevb nIqvi m¤¢vebv †e‡o
hvq Ges cª‡qvR‡b mvkªqK…Z cvwb w`‡q AwaK Rwg Pv‡li hvq| G Kvi‡YB gvwUi Rvbv pH Riæwi|
AvIZvq Avbv hvq| G c×wZ‡Z R¡vjvwb mvkªq nq 25- M. DÏxc‡Ki †mP e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZwU n‡jv AWD c×wZ|
30% Ges †n±icªwZ djb ev‡o cªvq 0.05 †g. Ub| GB
AWD c×wZ jvfRbKfv‡e dmj Drcv`‡b mvnvh¨
c×wZwU cwi‡ekevÜe hv‡Z f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi e¨envi Kg nq
K‡i| wb‡P Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
I avb †¶‡Z gkv I †cvKvgvKW‡়i Dc`ªe Kg nq|
avb Drcv`‡b †m‡Pi LiP GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ¯’vb `Lj K‡i
evsjv‡`‡k G cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i ïay S‡ov †gŠmy‡g cªvq Av‡Q| †ev‡iv avb Drcv`‡b gvwU †f‡` 1 †KwR avb
500 †KvwU UvKvi R¡vjvwb mvkªq Kiv m¤¢e| AWD c×wZ
 Drcv`‡b 3000-5000 wjUvi cvwb e¨envi Kiv nq| hv †Rvqvi ïiæ I †kl nIqvi mgq Giƒc fvO‡bi MwZ ZxeªZi
cª‡qvR‡bi Zyjbvq A‡bK †ewk| AWD c×wZ‡Z †mP cª`vb nq| d‡j b`xi Zx‡i emevmKvix mvBdyj Bmjv‡gi
Kiv n‡j mbvZb †mP c×wZi †P‡q kZKiv 20-25 fvM emZevwo Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í 'b`xM‡f© wejxb nq| Avi GB b`x
cvwb mvkªq nq| G c×wZwU gvV ch©v‡q mn‡R e¨envi Kiv fvObRwbZ f~wg¶‡qi Kvi‡YB DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mvBdyj
hvq Ges cª‡qvR‡b mvkªqK…Z cvwb w`‡q AwaK Rwg Pv‡li Bmjv‡gi evwoi AvqZb w`b w`b K‡g hv‡”Q|
AvIZvq Avbv hvq| G c×wZ‡Z R¡vjvwb mvkªq nq 25- N. mvBdyj Bmjv‡gi evwo Ki‡Zvqv b`xi Zx‡i| cªwZeQi
30% Ges †n±icªwZ djb ev‡o cªvq 0.05 †g. Ub| GB b`x fvO‡bi d‡j Zvi evwoi AvqZb w`b w`b K‡g hv‡”Q|
c×wZwU cwi‡ekevÜe hv‡Z f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi e¨envi Kg nq †h‡nZy b`x fvObRwbZ f~wg¶‡qi Kvi‡Y Zvi evwoi
I avb †¶‡Z gkv I †cvKvgvK‡oi Dc`ªe Kg nq| AvqZb K‡g hv‡”Q †m‡nZy G f~wg¶q †iva Kiv m¤¢e| G
evsjv‡`‡k G cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i ïay S‡ov †gŠmy‡g cªvq ai‡bi f~wg¶q †iv‡a mvBdyj Bmjvg‡K wKQy c`‡¶c
500 †KvwU UvKvi R¡vjvwb mvkªq Kiv m¤¢e| AWD c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB Zv‡K me©cª_g b`xi av‡i
e¨envi K‡i av‡bi Drcv`b LiP Kgvi mv‡_ mv‡_ cvwb I cªwZi¶vg~jK evua wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Zv‡K b`xi
R¡vjvwb mvkªq n‡e| Gfv‡eB AWD c×wZwU jvfRbKfv‡e Zx‡i MvQ †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY Mv‡Qi wkKW় gvwU‡K
dmj Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i| k³ K‡i a‡i ivL‡e Ges b`xi Zxi fvO‡bi nvZ †_‡K
N. meyi wgqvi †`Lv avb Pvl c×wZwU n‡jv SRI c×wZ| i¶v Ki‡e| GQvovI b`xi Zx‡i cv_i †d‡j, LOKyUv,
SRI c×wZ‡Z cªwZwU avbMv‡Qi mgvb hZœ †bIqv nq| jZvcvZv, KPywicvbv Ges e…‡¶i ¸wo Øviv cªwZeÜKZv
G‡Z Kg eq‡mi Pviv †ivcY Kiv nq Ges cªwZwU ¸wQ‡Z ˆZwi K‡i b`xi Zxi¯’ f~wg¶q A‡bKUv †iva Kiv m¤¢e|
1wU Pviv †ivcY Kiv nq| GQvov Pviv eM©vKv‡i †ivcY Kiv gvwUi eybU k³ K‡i G ai‡bi fvOb †_‡K i¶v Kiv hvq|
nq nq e‡j exR, mvi I †mP Kg jv‡M| GWwe-DwW AZGe, mvBdyj Bmjvg hw` Dc‡iv³ c`‡¶c¸‡jv MªnY
c×wZ‡Z †mP †`Iqv gv‡b cvwbi AcPq †iva Kiv| cªPwjZ K‡i Zvn‡j b`x fvO‡bi nvZ †_‡K Zvi evwo i¶v Ki‡Z
c×wZ‡Z AvMvQv `g‡b LiP I mgq †ewk jv‡M e‡j cvi‡e e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi
GmAviAvB c×wZ‡Z hvwš¿Kfv‡e AvMvQv `gb Kiv nq|
avb Drcv`‡b Kg mgq jvMvq Rwg e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ AwaK 8. iscyi †Rjvi evwm›`v AvRvnvi Avjxi A‡bK Avevw` Rwg
mgq cvIqv hvq| cvkvcvwk G c×wZ cwi‡ek ¶wZKi Av‡Q| MZ Livi Kvi‡Y Zvi Rwg‡Z dmj Drcv`b e¨vnZ
wg‡_b M¨vm wbM©g‡bi nvi‡K Kwg‡q †`q| myZivs Dc‡ii n‡qwQj| ZvB wZwb K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civgk© wb‡q mvkªqxiƒ‡c
Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv hvq, SRI c×wZwU avb Pv‡li Rb¨ Rwg‡Z †m‡Pi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
jvfRbK Ges Dchy³ c×wZ| K. †m‡Pi cvwbi Drm KqwU?
L. g…wËKv I dmj Drcv`‡b cvwbi f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki|
7. mvBdyj Bmjv‡gi evwo Ki‡Zvqv b`xi Zx‡i| MZ `yB eQi M. AvRvnvi Avjx †Kb †mP c×wZ MªnY Ki‡jb? e¨vL¨v
Av‡MI Zvi emZevwo A‡bK eo wQj| wKš‘ cªwZwbqZ Ki|
f~wg¶‡qi d‡j Zvi emZevwoi AvqZb K‡g hv‡”Q| N. DÏxc‡K AvRvnvi Avjxi Kvh©µgwU mg‡qvc‡hvMx
K. f~wg¶q Kx? we‡kølY Ki|
L. gvwUi eybU ej‡Z Kx †evS? 7 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ f~wg¶‡qi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| K. †m‡Pi cvwbi Drm n‡jv `ywU| h_v- 1. f~-Mf©¯’ cvwb I 2.
N. f~wg¶q‡iva Kiv wK m¤¢e? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ f~c…ô¯’ cvwb|
hyw³ `vI| L. g…wËKv I dmj Drcv`‡b cvwbi f~wgKv wbgœiƒc :
7 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi 1. gvwUi ˆRweK I Aby‰RweK Kvh©vewj e…w× I wbqš¿Y
K. gvwUi ¯’vbPy¨wZ‡K f~wg¶q e‡j| K‡i|
L. gvwUi KYvmg~n wewfbœ AvKv‡ii| †hgb- evwjKYv eo, 2. gvwUi Zvc wbqš¿Y K‡i|
cwjKYv gvSvwi I K`©gKYv †QvU| gvwUi KYvmg~‡ni wewfbœ 3. Dw™¢‡`i †Kv‡li mRxeZv i¶v K‡i|
AvKviB n‡”Q eybU| gvwUi GKK KYvi cvi¯úwiK AbycvZ 4. dm‡ji ¸YMZgvb I djb evovq|
Øviv m…ó ¯’~jZv ev m~²Zv‡K gvwUi eybU e‡j| A_©vr gvwUi M. AvRvnvi Avjx AWD c×wZ‡Z Zvi dm‡ji Rwg‡Z †mP
evwj, cwj I K`g KYvi Zyjbvg~jK AvKvi ev kZKiv w`‡qwQ‡jb| AWD c×wZ n‡jv dm‡ji †¶‡Z
AbycvZ‡K gvwUi eybU e‡j| ch©vqµ‡g wfRv‡bv I ïKv‡bv c×wZ‡Z cª‡qvRb g‡Zv †mP
M. DÏxc‡K mvBdyj Bmjv‡gi evwo Ki‡Zvqv b`xi Zx‡i| †`Iqv| AWD c×wZ‡Z †mP †`Iqv gv‡b cvwbi AcPq
Zvi evwoi AvqZb w`b w`b K‡g hvIqvi cªavb KviY n‡jv †iva Kiv| GwU GKwU mvkªqx †mP c×wZ|
b`x fvObRwbZ mgm¨v| b`xi cªej †mªvZ, †XD‡qi Kvi‡Y G c×wZ‡Z GKwU wQ`ªhy³ cøvw÷K ev evu‡ki cvBc ewm‡q
b`xi K~j ¶qcªvß n‡q gvwUi KYvmg~n ci¯úi †_‡K gvwUi †fZ‡ii cvwbi ¯Íi ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †mP †`Iqv| G
Avjv`v n‡q hvq| AZtci Dcwi Mov‡bv I AejyÉb cvB‡ci e¨vm n‡e 7-10 †[Link]. Ges j¤^v 25 †[Link].|
cªwµqvq ¶qcªvß gvwUKYv ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| GQvovI b`x‡Z cvB‡ci Dc‡ii 10 †[Link]. wQ`ªnxb Ges wb‡Pi 15 †[Link].
 wQ`ªhy³ n‡e| cvBcwU‡K 5 †[Link]. cici wWªj weU w`‡q 3 AeMZ Ki‡jb| K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civgk© Abyhvqx wZwb gvwUi
†[Link]. e¨v‡mi wQ`ª Ki‡Z n‡e| cvBcwU Ggbfv‡e dm‡ji cix¶v Kiv‡jb| gvwUi cix¶vq pH Gi gvb n‡jv 4.5|
Rwg‡Z emv‡Z n‡e †hb cvBcwUi Dc‡ii wQ`ªnxb 10 K. Rveov cª‡qvM Kx?
†[Link]. gvwUi Dc‡i _v‡K, hv‡Z †m‡Pi cvwbi gva¨‡g L. gvwUi ¶viZ¡ ej‡Z Kx †evS?
LOKyUv ev AveR©bv cvB‡ci g‡a¨ cª‡ek Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| M. Rwgi wgqvi Avkvbyiƒc dmj bv cvIqvi KviY eY©bv
wb‡Pi wQ`ªhy³ 15 †[Link]. gvwUi wb‡P _vK‡e, hv‡Z gvwUi Ki|
†fZ‡ii cvwb w`‡q cvB‡c mn‡R cª‡ek Ki‡Z ev †ewi‡q N. Rwgi wgqvi D³ mgm¨v †_‡K DËi‡Y K…wl Kg©KZ©vi
†h‡Z cv‡i| gvwU‡Z ch©vß im ev cvwb _vK‡j dm‡j civgk© g~j¨vqb Ki|
wkK‡oi gva¨‡g Zvi cª‡qvRbxq cvwb MªnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| 8 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
GB c×wZ‡Z cªPwjZ c×wZi †P‡q 25% †m‡Pi cvwbi K. gvwUi Dcwifv‡M av‡bi LO, jZvcvZv, KPywicvbv BZ¨vw`
Ges 30% R¡vjvwb mvkªq nq| fv‡jv djb cvIqvi Rb¨ ˆRe c`v_© cÖ‡qvM Kiv‡K Rveov cª‡qvM e‡j|
dm‡ji †¶‡Î me mgq cvwb ivLvi cª‡qvRb †bB| GRb¨ L. gvwUi `ªe‡Y nvB‡Wªvw·j Avq‡bi (OH) NbZ¡ †ewk n‡j
dm‡ji Rwg‡Z AWD c×wZ e¨envi K‡i mwVK mg‡q gvwU‡Z ¶vi‡Z¡i m…wó nq A_©vr †Kv‡bv gvwUi A¤øgvb 7-Gi
cª‡qvRb g‡Zv †mP cª`vb Ki‡j GKw`‡K †hgb dm‡ji †ewk n‡j H gvwU‡Z ¶viZ¡ †`Lv †`q| ¶viZ¡ m…wói Rb¨
Drcv`b LiP Kg‡e Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb g~j¨evb cvwb I nvB‡Wªvw·j Avq‡bi m‡½ wewfbœ ¶viR Dcv`vb mwµqfv‡e
R¡vjvwb mvkªq| n‡e| D³ Kvi‡Y AvRvnvi Avjx Zvi AskMªnY K‡i _v‡K| nvB‡Wªvw·j Avq‡bi m‡½ ¶viR
dm‡ji Rwg‡Z AWD c×wZ‡Z †mP w`‡jb| Gme Dcv`vb wg‡k ¶viZ¡ e…w× K‡i| A_©vr gvwUi
N. DÏxc‡K AvRvnvi Avjxi Kvh©µgwU mg‡qvc‡hvMx wb‡P Zv M. pH Gi gvb 7 Gi †ewk _vK‡j Zv‡K ¶vixq gvwU e‡j|
we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv- Rwgi wgqv Zvi Rwg‡Z wKQy dmj Pvl K‡i Avkvbyiƒc djb
DÏxc‡K K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© AvRvnvi Avjx AWD cvqwb| gvwUi bgybv cix¶v Ki‡j A¤øgvb 4.5 nq A_©vr
A_©vr mvkªqxiƒ‡c dm‡ji Rwg‡Z †mP w`‡jb| KviY Zvi Rwgi gvwU A¤øxq| Rwg‡ii Rwgi gvwU‡Z m…ó mgm¨vi
eZ©gvb mg‡q dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Ab¨Zg cª‡qvRbxq d‡j wZwb Avkvbyiƒc dmj cvbwb| h_v-
Dcv`vb n‡jv †m‡Pi cvwb| Avi G cvwb h_vh_fv‡e i. Dw™¢‡`i e…w×i Rb¨ K¨vjwmqvg I g¨vM‡bwmqvg
e¨envi bv K‡i †m‡Pi gva¨‡g f~-Mf©¯’ AwZwi³ cvwb mnRjf¨ nq bv|
D‡Ëvjb Ki‡j cvwbi ¯Íi wb‡P †b‡g hv‡e| GQvov †m‡Pi
ii. gvwU‡Z Avqib I A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi AvwaK¨RwbZ
cvwb mwVK e¨envi bv K‡i AwZwi³ cvwb D‡Ëvjb Ki‡j
welwµqv m…wó nq|
gvby‡li e¨envi‡hvM¨ cvwbi mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡e| Gme
iii. gvwU¯’ AYyRxemg~n we‡kl K‡i e¨vK‡Uwiqvi
cvwb‡Z fvix ¶wZKviK avZe c`v‡_©i NbZ¡ †e‡o hv‡e|
Kvh©KvwiZv K‡g hvq|
hv gvby‡li Z_v cªvwYRM‡Zi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¶wZKi n‡e|
iv. gvwU‡Z A¤ø‡Z¡i gvÎv e…w× n‡j bvB‡Uªv‡Rb,
†m‡Pi cvwbi h_vh_fv‡e e¨envi bv Ki‡j cvwb we‡ivax
dm‡ji ¶wZ Ki‡e| Ab¨w`‡K f~-c…ô¯’ b`x, Lvj, wej, dmdivm, cUvwkqvg, mvjdvi RvZxq gyL¨ cywó
Dcv`vb †ewk gvÎvq `ªeYxq nq|
nvIi, evuIo, cyKyi, w`wN BZ¨vw` cvwb †m‡Pi gva¨‡g
AcwiKwíZfv‡e e¨env‡ii `iæb Gme Rjvkq ïwK‡q v. Rwg‡Z Acyó Mv‡Qi Rb¥ nq|
hv‡e| d‡j cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ bó n‡e| hvi cªfv‡e vi. cvZvq meyR KYv webó nIqvi j¶Y cªKvk cvq|
gvbylI bvbvfv‡e ¶wZMª¯Í n‡e| N. Rwgi wgqvi Rwgi gvwUi pH Gi gvb 4.5 hv AwZwi³
Aciw`‡K AWD c×wZ‡Z dm‡j †mP w`‡j †mP Kg jv‡M| A¤øxq gvwU wb‡`©k K‡i| Ggb gvwU dmj Pv‡li Rb¨
G‡Z 25% †m‡Pi cvwb I 30% R¡vjvwb mvkªq nq| G Dc‡hvMx bq| G ai‡bi Rwg‡Z dmj Pvl K‡i ¶wZMª¯Í
c×wZ †m‡Pi d‡j dm‡ji djb I Drcv`b eû¸‡Y e…w× n‡Z nq| Rwgi Zvi Rwg‡Z dmj Pvl K‡i fv‡jv djb
cvq| D³ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv K‡i K…wl Kg©KZ©v AvRvnvi cvw”Q‡jb bv| K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© D³ mgm¨v `~ixKi‡Y
Avjx‡K AWD c×wZ dm‡ji Rwg‡Z †mP w`‡Z ej‡jb| Rwgi wgqv‡K wbgœwjwLZ c`‡¶c MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e-
KviY cieZ©x‡Z AvRvnvi Avjxi Rwgi dm‡j †mP c×wZ i. gvwU‡Z Pyb e¨envi Ki‡eb| Pyb e¨envi Ki‡j
†`‡L Ab¨vb¨ K…lKI G c×wZ‡Z †m‡P AvMªnx n‡e| Avi K¨vjwmqvg Avqb nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Avqb‡K cªwZ¯’vcb
Gfv‡eB K…l‡Ki cª‡qvR‡b GB c×wZi we¯Ívi NU‡e| ZvB K‡i| G‡Z nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Avqb K‡g nvB‡Wªvw·j
K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© AvRvnvi Avjxi Kvh©µgwU Avqb †e‡o hvq| gvwUi A¤ø ms‡kvab n‡q wbi‡c¶
mg‡qvc‡hvMx wQj| nq|
ii. gvwU‡Z cªPyi cwigv‡Y ˆRe mvi e¨envi Ki‡eb|
9. Rwgi wgqv MZ K‡qK eQi a‡i Zvi Rwg‡Z fv‡jv dmj ˆRe mvi †_‡K Drcbœ ˆRe GwmWmg~n gvwUi evdvi
cvIqvi j‡¶¨ †mP, mvi cª‡qvM, †ivM I †cvKvgvKo ¶gZv evov‡Z A_©vr gvwUi GKwU wbw`©ó pH gvb
wb‡ivaK e¨e¯’v MªnY K‡i Avm‡Qb| wKš‘ Avkvbyiƒc dmj w¯’i ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| GQvovI ˆRe mv‡i cªPyi
wZwb cv‡”Qb bv| ZvB wZwb K…wl Kg©KZ©vi wbKU welqwU cwigv‡Y K¨vjwmqvg I g¨vM‡bwmqvg _v‡K| G
 †gŠjØq g…wËKv `ªeY †_‡K H' †K mwi‡q A¤øZv i. wbqwgZ ˆRe mvi cª‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| ˆRe mv‡i Mv‡Qi
Kgvq| cª‡qvRbxq 17wU cywó Dcv`vb _v‡K| gvwUi ¶q‡iva
iii. ev‡qvdvwU©jvBRvi, UªvB‡KvWvg©v, ev‡qv‡cw÷mvBW K‡i gvwU‡Z cywó msi¶Y K‡i|
ˆRe evjvBbvkK e¨envi K‡i gvwUi A¤øZv ms‡kvab ii. Rwg‡Z mylg gvÎvq ivmvqwbK mvi cª‡qvM K‡iwQj|
Ki‡eb| gyL¨ I †MŠY 14wU cywó Dcv`v‡bi NvUwZ ivmvqwbK
iv. ewki Zvi Rwgi A¤øZv ms‡kva‡b Wvj I wkg RvZxq mv‡ii gva¨‡g Kiv hvq|
MvQ cwP‡q meyR mvi ˆZwi K‡i Rwg‡Z cª‡qvM iii. wjwMDg RvZxq k‡m¨i Pvl K‡iwQj| wjwMDg RvZxq
Ki‡eb| G‡Z Rwg dmj Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx n‡e| km¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi mvnv‡h¨ wkK‡o bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
v. AYyRxe mvi (ivB‡Rvweqvg) Rwg‡Z e¨envi msi¶Y K‡i|
Ki‡eb| AYyRxe mvi H' Avqb Kwg‡q ¶viZ¡ iv. Rwgi AvMvQv `gb K‡i De©iZv i¶v I e…w×
evovq| d‡j gvwU wbi‡c¶ nq| K‡iwQj|
vi. GQvovI †m‡Pi gvb Dbœqb, mylg mvi e¨envi, A¤øxq v. gvwUi A¤øZ¡ I ¶viZ¡ wbqš¿Y K‡i ch©vqµ‡g dm‡ji
mvi e¨envi Kwg‡q I Kv‡Vi QvB e¨envi K‡i ewki Pvl K‡iwQj| hv‡Z gvwUi me Ask n‡Z cywó †kvlY
Zvi Rwg‡K dmj Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx Ki‡eb| Dc‡ii nq| G‡Z gvwUi De©iZv i¶v Kiv m¤¢e|
Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, Rwgi wgqv Zvi Rwgi vi. f~wg¶q †iv‡a e¨e¯’v, DËg †mP I wbKvk c×wZ
A¤øZ¡ ms‡kvab K‡i dmj Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx Kivi MªnY K‡i Rwgi De©iZv e…w× K‡iwQj|
Rb¨ †ek wKQy Kvh©Ki e¨e¯’v MªnY K‡i‡Qb| vii. meyR mvi RvZxq MvQ Rb¥v‡e Ges meyR mvi ˆZwi
K‡i Rwg‡Z cª‡qvM K‡iwQj|
10. iwd‡Ki Rwg‡Z cªwZ eQiB wewfbœ dm‡ji djb Kg‡Q| viii. Av”Qv`b km¨ (kmv, jvD, evswM, ZigyR) RvZxq
†m Dc‡Rjv K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© f~wgi De©iZv e…w×i dm‡ji Pvl K‡iwQj|
Rb¨ ˆRe mvi cª‡qvM, meyR mvi, km¨ Pvl, wjwMDwgbvm ix. Lo, KPywicvbv, ïKbv jZvcvZv Rwg‡Z cª‡qvM K‡i
km¨ Pvl I ivmvqwbK mvi cª‡qvM K‡i djb fv‡jv †c‡jb| Rwgi De©iZv I Drcv`b ¶gZv evwo‡qwQj|
Ab¨vb¨ K…lKivI iwd‡Ki g‡Zv e¨e¯’v MªnY K‡i fv‡jv v. k‡m¨i Aewkóvsk, RxevYy mvi e¨envi K‡i Rwgi
djb †c‡jb| De©iZv msi¶Y I Drcv`b ¶gZv e…w× K‡iwQj|
K. f~wg msi¶Y Kx? N. DÏxc‡K iwdK Dc‡Rjv K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© gvwUi
L. f~wg msi¶Y †Kb Kiv nq e¨vL¨v Ki| De©iZv ¯’vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨ ˆRe mvi cª‡qvM, meyR mvi km¨ Pvl,
M. iwd‡Ki Rwg‡Z Kxfv‡e dm‡ji djb e…w× Ki‡jb wjwMDwgbvm km¨ Pvl BZ¨vw` K‡iwQ‡jb| wb‡P Zvi
e¨vL¨v Ki| e¨e¯’v¸‡jv g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡jv-
N. gvwUi De©iZv ¯’vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨ iwd‡Ki e¨e¯’v g~j¨vqb iwdK Rwg‡Z ˆRe mvi cª‡qvM K‡i Rwgi De©iZv e…w×
Ki| K‡iwQ‡jb| ˆRe mv‡i dm‡ji cª‡qvRbxq mKj cywó
Dcv`vb Dcw¯’Z _v‡K| wZwb Rwg‡Z meyR mvi ˆZwii Rb¨
10 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi km¨ Pvl K‡iwQ‡jb| G‡Z Rwgi De©iZv e…w× †c‡q‡Q|
K. †Kv‡bv GjvKvq gvwU ev f~wg¶q †iva K‡i Gi †fŠZ, Rwg‡Z AYyRx‡ei e…w× n‡q‡Q| wZwb Rwg‡Z wjwMDg
ivmvqwbK I ˆRweK ¸Yv¸Y eRvq ivLvB n‡”Q f~wg ev RvZxq km¨ Pvl K‡iwQ‡jb| G ai‡bi k‡m¨i wkK‡o
g…wËKv msi¶Y| ivB‡Rvweqvg bvgK GK cªKvi e¨vK‡Uwiqv ¸uwU ev bwWDj
L. gvwUi ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vi bvgB f~wg msi¶Y| wbgœwjwLZ Kvi‡Y ˆZwi K‡i hv evqygÐj †_‡K bvB‡Uªv‡Rb msMªn K‡i mÂq
f~wg msi¶Y Kiv nq- K‡i| c‡i Gme bwWDj c‡P bvB‡Uªv‡Rb dm‡ji Kv‡R
i. Mv‡Qi cª‡qvRbxq cywó Dcv`vb gvwU‡Z msi¶‡Yi jv‡M| wZwb Rwgi Dei©i&Zv †hb bó bv nq GRb¨ cwiwgZ
Rb¨| cwigvY ivmvqwbK mvi cª‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| DcwiD³
ii. gvwUi De©iZv I Drcv`b¶gZv e…w×i Rb¨| KvR¸‡jvi Rb¨ Zvi Rwgi De©iZv e…w× †c‡q djb †e‡o
iii. dm‡ji †Mvov k³fv‡e gvwU‡Z AvU‡K ivLvi Rb¨| wM‡qwQj| myZivs gvwUi De©iZv ¯’vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨ iwd‡Ki
iv. AwZwi³ mv‡ii cª‡qvRbxqZv K‡g| e¨e¯’v¸‡jv mwVK I h_v_© wQj|
v. gvwUi AYyRx‡ei Kvh©vewj ¯^vfvweK ivLvi Rb¨|
M. iwdK †hfv‡e dm‡ji djb e…w× K‡iwQ‡jb wb‡P Zv eY©bv
Kiv n‡jv-
DÏxc‡K iwd‡Ki Rwg‡Z w`b w`b dm‡ji djb K‡g
hv‡”Q| gvwUi De©iZv K‡g hvIqvi Kvi‡Y Ggb n‡”Q|
iwdK K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv Dbœqb K‡i
fv‡jv djb cvb|