MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous)
Chaitanya Bharathi (P.O.), Gandipet, Hyderabad – 500075.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Project Report
On
TITTLE OF THE PROJECT : “CNC LATHE AND MILLING MACHINE”
NAME OF THE STUDENT : BHUMANA SRINIVAS YADAV
ROLL NUMBER : 24261A0308
SUBJECT/LABORATORY : ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BRANCH : MECHANICAL
ACADEMIC YEAR : 2024 - 25
NAME OF THE FACULTY NAME : [Link] RAJ
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project entitled “ CNC LATHE AND MILLING MACHINE” has been submitted
to Department of Physics and Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology for the partial
fulfilment of the requirement of B. Tech I- Sem Applied Physics laboratory course done by
“BHUMANA SRINIVAS YADAV” bearing the Roll Number 24261A0308
Faculty Incharge Head Of Department
List of Contents:
• Introduction
• Working princliple
• Procedure
• Classification of CNC
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Sample part program
STUDY OF CNC LATHE AND MILLING MACHINE
INTRODUCTION:
A machine which can be operated by a computer through a program of instructions (which
may contain Alphanumeric values, called as part program) is called CNC Machine. The full
form of CNC is Computer Numerical Controlled machines.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The computer shares the part program information to CNC machine component called
Machine Control Unit (MCU). The Machine control unit contains two components called
Data Processing Unit (DPU) and Control loop Unit (CLU). The DPU gets the information
and converts into machine language and sends to CLU. CLU ensures the machine tool (m/c
tool) to perform according to the input given to it. It also ensures for completing the first set
of instructions and asks the DPU to send next set of instructions. In some machines the
feedback mechanism will also be provided so that at every instant the machining is happening
as per the given instructions or not. It can have some accessories like Automatic Tool
Changers, Automatic pallet Changers (Work Piece changers) , modular fixtures to reduce the
Machine idle (resting) time. Due to the requirement of high accuracy from CNC machines,
the part program can be generated from the CAM software like EDGE CAM, MASTER
CAM, GIBBS CAM, FUSION 360 etc. The produce design only has to be created or
imported from CAD Software like Solid works, Fusion 360, CATIA, PRO-E etc. to the CAM
Software. The Cutting Parameters like speed, feed, plunge feed etc. to be given as input. Also
the type of CNC machine (vertical /horizontal) & type of tool bit (tool inserts) according to
type of cut (END Mill/ FACE Mill/ Slot Mill/ DRILL/ Turning tool) to be also chosen.
Procedure:
1. Once the part program is generated using CAM Software/ written, it can be fed into the
simulation software in the computer.
2. The path of machine tool as per the part program fed, can be observed, and verified by
running the simulation Software.
3. Once the simulation result is fine i.e., the tool path mapped with the design to be produced,
machine link will be provided to the simulation software, then the tool offset process is done
(to teach the tool to identify the tool home position).
[Link] Dry RUN on the Machine is going to be performed. (DRY RUN means- Without
Keeping the Work piece the machine tool will be allowed to operate- to avoid any interface,
wastage, or raw material).
4. After the successful DRY RUN, the Actual work piece on the M/C tool is fed and The part
program is executed on the Work piece, as per the design fed/ part program fed in the
software.
5. Finally the required designed product is generated as per the given dimensions with
maximum accuracy through CNC Machine; the same part program is saved and used for
generating multiple no. of similar products or even can be modified for the purpose of
generating identical features in products.
CLASSSIFICATION OF CNC:
According to configuration:
1. Vertical CNC Machine with 4 Axis, 5 Axis, 5 ½ Axis etc.
2. Horizontal CNC machine with 4 Axis, 5 axis, 5 ½ Axis etc.
According to machines operations:
1. CNC Lathe
2. CNC Mill
According to the type of control system:
1. Open loop control System
2. Closed loop control System
According to the type of machine:
1. Point to point
2. Contour
3. Straight line motion
ADVANTAGES:
1. Maximum Production rate.
2. Less idle time
3. High accuracy
4. Less waste
5. Easy to handle market demands, etc.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. High initial cost
2. Maintenance Cost
3. Breakdown service issues
4. Lack of training for human labor for generating part program.
Sample Part Program:
CNC MILLING Operation on a SQUARE BLOCK of 100 X 100 mm Size
G21
G94 G28 G91 Z0
G28 X0 Y0 M06 T01 M03 S1000
G00 G90 X10 Y10 Z5
G01 Z-1 F50
X90
Y90
X10
Y10
X90
Y90
Y10
X10
Y90
G00 Z5
G28 Z0
G91 X0 Y0 M05 M30
Rubrics for Evaluation (10 Marks)
CNC LATHE AND MILLING MACHINE
Particulars Marks allotted Marks obtained
Principle & Procedure write up 2
Conduct of experiment & Result 6
Viva voce 2
Total 10
Signature of the student Signature of the Examiner