SECURITY SYSTEM - This is the set of policies, It is the process of conducting physical examination to

procedures and rules and regulations designed to determine compliance with establishment security
reduce to an absolute minimum the possibility of policies and procedures as a result of security survey.
espionage, sabotage and compromise of classified
- This is a check of how well existing security measures
information of an office or a whole establishment.
and regulations are being carried out within a
SECURITY SURVEY – A fact finding probe to determine a detachment or establishment. A security inspection may
plant’s adequacy in all aspects of security, with the also include an investigation of alleged or suspected
corresponding recommendations. security violations.

- gather’s data that reflects the who, what, how, where, Purpose of Security Inspection
when, and why of an organization’s existing operation
1. To determine compliance of security policies
and facility.
2. To detect weaknesses in the existing security
- Refers to checklist, audits, or inventories of security measures.
conditions. 3. To assess assets and the probability of risk or
the likelihood that loss will take place.
- Security Surveys are often called “RISK ANALYSIS
SURVEYS’ or ‘RISK ASESSMENT SURVEYS” Phases of Security Inspection:

Purposes of security survey: 1. Detection of company policy violations- the acts

or practices of employees that are contrary to
1. To determine the existing state of security;
police. For example, tampering on employee
2. Identifying weaknesses in defense; time cards or bringing out company property for
unknown reasons.
3. To determine the degree of protection required; 2. Detection of possible defects in protective
4. To produce recommendations for a total security devices and other security aids- for example,
system. empty fire extinguishers, destroyed perimeter
fences, busted perimeter lights, and alarm
Persons responsible to conduct Security Survey systems defects.
a. Staff Security Personnel 3. Detection of the condition of properties being
protected- for example, when the property
b. Qualified security specialist being protected is exposed to rain and sunlight.
4. Detection of security hazards- for example,
Key Step in a risk assessment process:
improper storage of waste materials.
1. To determine value, impact and cost of any asset
Importance of Security Inspection:
should it be lost due to natural or man-made force.
1. It can help determine the effectiveness of a risk
2. To determine the degree of probability that natural or
appraisal.
man-made forces will strike at any given facility.
2. It can identify weaknesses in security
Information necessary in conducting survey: countermeasures.
3. It can prevent possible loss of company assets.
1. Plot plan of the area to be surveyed
Types of Security Inspection
2. Map of the city or locality in which the facility is
located, this becomes very important if the facility a. Continuous Inspection - To keep with the constant
consist of more than one location changes in the organization, changes in our security
terms of attitudes, life-style and moral values, and the
3. The number of employees working on each shift by
rapid advancement of technological modifications are
category
all around us, inspection must be an on-going and
4. The operational flow plans of the facility if they are never-ending activity.
available in writing.
b. Formal and Informal.
5. Maps and description of guard tours and stations if
Formal Inspection – is one which some fanfare is
available.
attached. It is usually preceded by an announcement,
6. Guard orders and facility's security manuals if there is and the unit under inspection “prepares” for events,
such. including some extra housekeeping activities that would
not otherwise happen at that point in time.
7. Location of the nearest fire department and police
headquarters. Informal Inspection – is usually the result of a long and
firmly entrenched inspection program, understood by all
SECURITY INSPECTION and accepted as part of the organizational life. They are
seriously and quietly executed in a spirit of hazards either directly or in a contributory
understanding and cooperation. manner documents in a corner for example,
storing old
c. Structured or Unstructured Inspection.
Importance of Safety Inspection
Structured Inspection – is one that moves systematically
from one area to the next and so on. There is a format 1. It determines effective methods of hazard appraisal.
or logical sequence to the process. For instance, the
2. It corrects deficiencies to bring both safety and
audit may start with the first line of defense, then the
operation to minimum accepted standards.
second line, then the third line, etc.
3. It is an unequaled medium to determine potential
Unstructured Inspection – is conducted in a random
accident source.
manner. There is no format or logical sequencing. For
example, the inspection may start with 4. It recognizes defects for future necessary corrective
countermeasures for proprietary information, then actions.
emergency plan, followed by investigation and so forth
5. It demonstrates management's sincerity regarding
SAFETY INSPECTION- involves measure (people, accident prevention.
procedures, or equipment) used to prevent or detect an
abnormal condition that can endanger people, property, 6. It increases efficiency and promotes better
or the enterprise. These abnormal conditions include relationship with employees.
accidents caused by human carelessness, 7. It cultivates goodwill and moral value.
inattentiveness, lack of training or other unintentional
events. 8. It determines the required emphasis of operations.

Objectives of Safety Inspection SECURITY HAZARDS

1. To save life- an organization’s workers are Every organization has the responsibility of protecting
considered its most valuable asset. It is the lives and property by means of disaster preparedness
obligation of the company to assure the safety and emergency management. It helps minimize loss and
of its workers, as well as its visitors/clients in its ensure the continuity of production that is vital to the
vicinity at all times. recovery of an area after the occurrence of a disaster.
2. To secure properties TYPES OF HAZARDS
3. To restore the affected facility as soon as
possible. 1. NATURAL HAZARDS- risks arising from natural
phenomena.
Purpose of Safety Inspection
e.g. flash floods cause by typhoons and monsoon rains,
1. Detection of defects such as materials, earthquakes, fires, storms, volcanic eruptions, lightning
equipment, lighting and ventilation. storms, extreme temperature and humidity, landslides
2. Detection of sub-standard conditions such as
poor housekeeping, poor ventilation, poor 2. MAN-MADE HAZARDS- the result of a state of mind,
lighting, noise, poor maintenance and poor attitude, and weakness of character traits.
training of workers.
e.g. carelessness, accidents, sabotage, espionage,
Phases of Safety Inspections pilferage, theft, disloyalty, vandalism

1. Detection of what might be called obvious SECURITY PLANNING - is a corporate and executive
hazards-actual unsafe conditions created either responsibility. It involves knowing the objectives of
by the action of people of physical security and the means and methods to reach those
deterioration; for example, blocked exits and objectives or goals must then be evolved. In short,
tripping hazards. security planning is a decision-making process.
2. Detection of conditions, which, of themselves,
Contents of Security Planning:
may not be the direct cause of an accident but
would be contributory factors for example, 1. Situation - this part of security planning explains the
soapy water spilled on the floor historical background of the organization of its security
3. Detection of conditions wherein employees' picture.
performance is deviating from the standard
2. Mission - this part of security will cover what the plan
practice or established policy, which, in
is all about and what it intends to do. This mission
themselves, are wrong and unsafe for example,
further subdivided into:
not wearing personal protective equipment
(PPE) a. Purpose
4. Detection of employee performance, which, by
b. Goals
themselves, are not hazardous but can create
c. Objectives that can hear, see, or record what is going on. Using
technology and manpower, security personnel
3. Execution - this part of security plan will explain and
investigate a space thoroughly. There are many reasons
outline the concept of the security project.
why a surveillance device might be used against a
4. Administrative and Logistics - this part of the security company or other entity, most commonly to obtain
plan involves the listing of security equipment competitive information about new products or for
mergers and acquisitions.
5. Command and signal - this last portion of the security
plan pertains to the channel of communication needed, SECURITY TESTING AND EVALUATION (ST&E) - is the
when implementing to the project until in full view. examination and analysis of the safeguards required to
protect an information system as they have been
SECURITY MANAGEMENT – is the proper utilization of applied in an operational environment. Put simply, you
resources in a security organization in order to meet perform testing and evaluation to determine the
organizational goals and objectives and to ensure their security posture of the system.
achievements.
SECURITY INVESTIGATION
- It is a broad field of management related to asset
management, physical security and human resource – This is a planned and organized determination of facts
safety functions. concerning specific loss or damage of assets due to
threats, hazards or unsecured conditions.
SECURITY EDUCATION
Elements of Investigation
It is defined as the exposure and teaching of employees
on security and its relevance to their work. Security 1. Investigator
education is conducted to develop security awareness 2. Purpose
among employees of the company. It should cover all 3. Subject of Investigator
employees, regardless of rank or position.
Tools of Security Investigation/ 3 I’s of Investigation
SECURITY RISK EDUCATION – is conducted to develop
A. Information – knowledge which the investigator
security awareness among employees of the company.
gathers from other persons.
It should cover all employees, regardless of rank and
position. 1. Acquired from regular sources

Phases of Security Risk Education – conscientious and public-spirited citizens, company

files, school files or records file of other agencies.
1. Initial Interview – it is the first contact of the
prospective employee wherein the interviewer 2. Acquired from cultivated sources
determines the suitability of the applicant for
– paid informants, bartenders, cab drivers,
employment through his given answers on the different
acquaintances, etc.
type of questions being conducted.
B. Interrogation
2. Orientation and Training – It is in this stage that new
employees receive detailed presentations of personnel – the skillful questioning of a person who is reluctant to
security policy. divulge information concerning the offense under
investigation.
3. Refresher Conference – it is designed to remind
employees of the company about their responsibilities, C. Interview
review the guidelines and policies, the introduction of
new policies and regulations and a moment of getting – the simple questioning of a witness who has no
employees’ feedback about the company policies that is personal reason to withhold information.
being implemented. D. Instrumentation
4. Security Reminders – a phase that employs an – the application of instruments and methods of
indirect approach of educating the employees such as physical sciences to the detection of crimes. In other
posting security posters and distributing fliers. words, the sum total of the application of all sciences in
5. Security Promotion – It is the act of emphasizing the crime detection otherwise known as criminalistics.
importance and role of security in achieving the Purpose of Investigation
company goals and objectives. It involves securing
employee cooperation and support. 1. To identify the offender
2. To locate the offender
TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE COUNTERMEASURES 3. To provide evidence
- TSCM is a sweep of an office, boardroom, vehicle, or Qualities of Effective Investigation
other facilities in an attempt to discover devices or bugs
1. Objectivity
 2. Thoroughness e. He should be able to determine what he knows, what
3. Relevance he must find out and what the suspect can tell
4. Accuracy
f. He must be familiar with the techniques he intends to
5. Timeliness
use to obtain the desired information.
The Interrogator and the Science of Psychology
Types of Suspects in Terms of Attitude and Personality
1. Human beings tend to be talkative, especially
1. Talkative type-
after a harrowing experience.
2. Human beings tend to be defensive when 2. Pathological liar
confronted with superior authority.
3. People tend to rationalize acts they feel guilty 3. Disinterested type
about. 4. Imprudent type
4. People in tight situations tend to be unable to
apply or remember lessons they have been 5. Explainer
taught regarding security. 6. Shy and uncommunicative
5. Human beings normally do not wish to
antagonize those who have power over them 7. Know-nothing type
and are, therefore tempted to be cooperative
8. Fearful type
with those in control.
6. Human beings tend to attach less importance to Different Interrogation Schemes
what they think is their exclusive knowledge
1. Direct approach. The suspect is allowed to speak/talk
when someone else demonstrates that he too
freely.
possesses a great portion of that knowledge.
7. People tend to like being flattered and 2. Emotional approach. Discover type of emotion to use
exonerated from guilt. to obtain an admission.
8. People are inclined to respond to kindness and
understanding, especially in dire situation. 3. Trickery. One suspect is played against the other.
9. They recent having something they respect 4. The location trick. The mentioning of false episode.
belittled, especially by someone they dislike.
5. Hate and revenge. Giving clever hints referring to a
Interrogation of Suspected Individuals double cross and confession of an accomplice.
1. Physical Aspect 6. National pride. Making an appeal on nationalism or
love of country.
a. The ideal interrogation room should be exclusive
7. Kindness and sympathy. Let the suspect understand
b. The room should be well lighted
that you are fair and will see that justice is accorded.
c. The room should be furnished with chairs, rugs, and
8. Mutt and Jeff. The use of two interrogators, one is
shades made of plain materials
hostile and the other is sympathetic.
d. The walls and ceiling should be painted with neutral
Interrogation Proper
shade
1. Explain his rights under the Constitution.
e. There should be nothing in the room that would
distract the attention in working condition 2. Begin with background questions.
f. No telephone should be in sight 3. Study the subject's reactions to determine the
interrogation technique needed, the emotions to be
g. The room should be provided with sound recording
played upon.
devices in good working condition.
4. Pick up new leads.
h. No interruption should be made during interrogation.
RELATED TERMINOLOGIES:
2. Mental Aspect
a. Survey – the term applied to the first detailed “look
a. The interrogator must be familiar with all aspects of
see” conducted by a team.
the investigation
b. Security inspection or follow-up survey – This is the
b. He must never be on the defensive for lack of
term referring to the succeeding surveys after the initial
knowledge of the case
surveys.
C. He must take advantage of slips made by the suspect
c. Supplement surveys – It is conducted when there is
d. The interrogator must check all appropriate files or business reorganization with corresponding changes in
records object and physical by-outs of the complex.
d. Special surveys – This is directed by management if
the initial survey appears to have left certain portions or
aspects involving security due to a change in policy or
operation that will greatly affect the total security
picture.

e. Entrance conference – A conference or dialogue

between the survey team and management officials of a
plant before security survey is conducted.

f. Exit conference – A conference similar to the entrance

conference done after the completion of the survey.