Addition and Multiplication of Fraction Find the new numerator of the first and

second Fraction
P1: There was ⅝ of a pie left in the fridge.
Daniel ate ¼ of the leftover pie. How much
of a pie did he have?
Step 4:
Step 1:
Add the numerators of two Fractions
Multiply the numerators
5 x 1= 6
Step 2:
Addition and Multiplication of mixed
Multiply the Denominator Numbers
8 x 4= 32 Problem 2: Multiplication of mixed number
Step 3: A rectangular garden is 3 1/2 meters long
and 2 1/3 meters wide. What is the area of
Write your new product
the garden?
A=L×W
L=3½ m
Step 4:
W=2⅓m
Simplify your answer
A=(3½m) (2⅓m)
There is no need for simplification, therefore
5/32 of a pie does Daniel have. 3½ =7/2 × 2⅓= 7/3
A=(7/2 m (7/3 m)= 49/6 Or

P2: Steven ate 1/5 of the pizza and David = 8¹/6 M² Therefore the area of Garden is
ate ⅔ of the same pizza. How much of the Addition and Multiplication of Fractions
pizza did they eat? and Mixed Numbers
Step 1: P1: Anna baked 3/4 of a cupcake in the
Look at the denominators morning. In the afternoon, she baked 2/5
more. How much cake did Anna bake in
total?
Step 1: Understand the Problem
What is given?
Step 2: • Anna baked ¾ of a cupcake in the
Find the LCD of the Denominator morning
• She baked 2/5 more in the afternoon
What is being asked?

(5,10,15,20,25) • How much cake did Anna bake in

total?
(3,6,9,12,15,18)
Step 2: Devise a Plan
Step 3:
We need to add the two fractions:
3 2
 4 5 Step 2: Device a Plan
To do this, we need a common denominator. • We need to multiply the total amount
of flour by the fraction he used.
Step 3: Carry Out the Plan
1. Find the least common denominator
(LCD) of 4 and 5
Step 3: Carry Out the Plan
4= 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32…. 1. Convert the mixed number to an improper
fraction.
5= 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40…
The LCD of 4 and 5 is 20
2. Convert both fractions:

3. Convert to a mixed number.

So, Leo used 1 7 / 8 kilograms of flour.

Step 3: Carry Out the Plan
Step 4: Look Back and Reflect
3. Add the fractions:

So, Anna baked 23/20 cupcakes in total or

1 3/20 cupcakes.
Addition and Multiplication of Mixed
Step 4: Look Back and Reflect
Numbers
Problem 1:
Rube and Cherry are painting on the wall.
Rube used 3 1/4 Liters of paint. Cherry used
2 1/3 liters of paint. How many liters of paint
15+8=23, so 23/20 is correct. did they used in total?
P2: Leo bought 2 1/2 kilograms of flour. He Adding Mixed Numbers
used 3/4 of it to make a bread. How many
kilograms of flour did he use? Step 1 Convert Mixed Numbers to Improper
Fractions
Step 1: Understand the Problem
Step 1: Change the mixed numbers into
What is given? improper fractions.
• Leo bought 2 1 / 2 kilograms of flour "A mixed number has a whole number and a
fraction.
• He used 3/ 4 of it to make bread.
Let’s change 3 ¼ to a fraction."
What is being asked?
Multiply the whole number (3) by the
• How many kilograms of flour did he
bottom number (4):
use?
3 × 4 = 12
Add the top number (1):
12 + 1 = 13
So, 3 ¼ = 13/4
"Now let’s do the same for 2 ⅓."
Multiply 2 × 3 = 6
Add 1 = 7 Problem 2:

So, 2 ⅓ = 7/3 Catty is planting [Link] has 2 ½ hectares

of land.
Each hectare produces 3 ⅓ sacks of rice.
Step 2 Find a Common Denominator How many sacks of rice will Catty harvest in
Step 2: Make the denominators the total?
same. Multiplying Mixed Numbers
"To add fractions, the bottom numbers Step 1: Convert Mixed Numbers to
(denominators) must be the same. Improper Fractions
We find the smallest number that both 4 and 2 1/2 hectare Of Land
3 can go into. That number is 12."
2×2=4
13/4 → Multiply top and bottom by 3:
Add the numerator 1
13 × 3 = 39, 4 × 3 = 12 → 39/12
4+1=5
7/3 → Multiply top and bottom by 4:
2 1/2=5/2
7 × 4 = 28, 3 × 4 = 12 → 28/12
3 1/3 Sacks of rice
3×3=9 add the numerator 1
Step 3 Add the Fractions
9+1=10
"Now the bottoms are the same, we can add
the top numbers." 3 1/3=10/3

39/12 + 28/12 = 67/12

Step 4 Convert Back to a Mixed Numbers Step 2: Multiply the Fractions

Step 4: Change to a mixed number. (5/2)×(10/3)

"Let’s divide 67 by 12." Multiply the numerators(top number s)

12 fits into 67 5 times 5×10=50

5 × 12 = 60 Multiply the denominators(bottom numbers)

67 - 60 = 7 2×3=6

So, 67/12 = 5 7/12 Answer 50/6

Final Answer: Step 3: Convert Back to a Mixed Number

Rube and Cherry used 5 7/12 liters of paint Let's change 50/6 to a mixed number.
in total." Divide 50by 6
50÷6=8 remainder 2
so 50/6=8 2/6 3/1 ×5/5 = 15/5
- Add the fractions
Step 4: Simplify the Fraction 15 2 17
+ =
5 5 5
Let's simplify 2/6
- Convert improper fraction to mixed
Both 2 and 6 can be divided by 2
number
2÷2=1
17
17 ÷ 5 = 3 remainder 2
6÷2=3 5
2 2
= 32/6 kilograms
So becomes of1/3
flour does Sarah have in total. 3
5 5
FINAL ANSWER
8 1/3 Sacks of Rice

Step 4: Look back

2 17
3 = 3x5= 15 15+2= 17 =
5 5
17 2
17 ÷ 5 = 3 remainder 2 3
5 5
Addition & Multiplication of Fraction
and Whole Numbers
Problem: Problem:

Sarah bought 3 kilograms of flour,then later A farmer wants to divide his land into
2 3
bought another kilogram . How many smaller sections. He decides to allocate of
5 4
flours does she have in total ? a hectare for each field. If he has 5 fields,
how much land does he allocate in total?
Step 1: Understand the problem
Step 1: Understand the problem
We need to find the total of flour Sarah
have. we need to find out the located land in each
field.
Given: 3 and 2/5 kilograms of flour
Given: 5 fields and 3/4 hectares
Step 2: Devise the plan
Step 2: Devise the plan
Represent the numbers mathematically
Represent the numbers mathematically:
2
3+ 3
5 5x
4
Step 3: Carry out plan
Step 3: Carry out the plan
-Convert whole number to fraction
- Convert whole number to fraction
3---- 3/1
5
- Find the common denominator 5 ----
1
The least common denominator (LCD)
- Multiply the fractions
between 1 and 5 is 5.
5 3 15 where:
× =
1 4 4
• N=3 (initial count)
- Convert improper fraction to mixed
• t=4 (hours)
number
EXECUTE THE PLAN
15
15 ÷ 4 = 3 remainder 3
4  Solve the exponent:
3 3 4
3 =3 hectares of land the farmer allocate in total. 2 =2×2×2×2=16
4 4
 Multiply by the initial count:
N=3×16
N=48
Step 4 : Look back
LOOK BACK AND REFLECT
3 15
3 = 3x4=12 12+3= 15 =  The bacteria started at 3 and doubled
4 4
every hour.
Exponential Form Including Calculation  Checking:
with GEMDAS rule
⚬ 1st hour: 3 × 2 = 6
• G - Grouping symbols
⚬ 2nd hour: 6 × 2 = 12
• E - Exponents
⚬ 3rd hour: 12 × 2 = 24
• MD - Multiplication and
⚬ 4th hour: 24 × 2 = 48
Division
Final Answer: 48 bacteria in 4 hours.
• AS - Addition and Subtraction
P2: Juan invested ₱5,000 in a savings
P1: A certain type of bacteria doubles in
account that triples in value each year. How
number every hour. If there were 3 bacteria
much money will Juan have after 3 years?
at the start, how many bacteria will there be
after 4 hours? UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM
UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM What to find?
What to find? • The total amount after 3 years.
• The total number of bacteria Given:
after 4 hours.
• Initial amount: ₱5,000
Given:
• Growth rate: Triples each year
• Initial bacteria count: 3
• Time: 3 years
• Growth pattern: Doubles every
hour PLAN

• Time: 4 hours The exponential formula for investment

growth is:
PLAN
A= P × r t
the population follows the exponential
formula: where:

N= N× 2t • P=5000 (initial investment)

• r=3 (tripling each year)
 • t=3 (years) 3. Common divisors: 1, 2, 3, 6
EXECUTE THE PLAN 4. Greatest common divisor: 6

• Solve the exponent: Each bag will have 6 candies.

3
3 =3×3×3=27 2. A florist has 30 roses and 45 tulips. She
wants to arrange them into bouquets, with
• Multiply by the initial count: each bouquet having the same number of
A=5000×27 flowers. What is the largest number of
bouquets she can make?
A=135,000
Find the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of
LOOK BACK AND REFLECT 30 and 45.
The investment triples yearly: Steps
Checking: 1. List the Factors/Divisors of 30
• After 1 year: ₱5,000 × 3 = ₱15,000 2. List the Factors/Divisors of 45
• After 2 years: ₱15,000 × 3 = 3. Find the Common divisors
₱45,000
4. Find Greatest common divisor
• After 3 years: ₱45,000 × 3 =
₱135,000 Solution:

• Final Answer: ₱135,000 after 3 Find the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of
years 30 and 45.

Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) • Factors/Divisors of 30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10,

15, 30
Anna and Ben have 18 and 24 candies,
respectively. They want to pack them into • Factors/Divisors of 45: 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
small bags, with each bag containing the • Common divisors: 1, 3, 5, 15
same number of candies. What is the
greatest number of candies that can be in • Greatest common divisor: 15
each bag? The florist can make 15 bouquets, each
Find the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of containing 2 roses and 3 tulips.
18 and 24. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
Steps FRACTIONS AND PERCENTAGE"

1. List the Factors of 18 P1: Bethany completed 14 products this

week so far. She needs to complete 25
2. List the Factors of 24 product this week. What percentage of the
3. Find the Common divisors products have bethany completed?

4. Find Greatest common divisor Solution:

Solution: Step 1: Understand the Problem

Find the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of We need to find the percentage of products
18 and 24. Bethany has completed out of the total she
needs to complete. This means we're
1. Factors/ Divisors of 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 looking for what fraction 14 is of 25,
expressed as a percentage.
2. Factors/ Divisors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12,
24 Step 2: Set up the Fraction
The fraction representing the completed Step 3: Calculate the Number of Cows
products is:
The farmer is selling 25% (or 1/4) of his 500
cows.
To find 1/4 of 500, we multiply:
Step 3: Convert the Fraction to a Percentage
To convert a fraction to a percentage, we
need to make the denominator 100. We can
do this by finding a number to multiply both
the numerator and denominator by so the Answer: The farmer sells 125 cows.
denominator becomes 100. Least Common Multiple
Think: What do we multiply 25 by to get Ace takes 15 minutes to complete a lap. Bart
100? The answer is 4. takes 20 minutes to do the same. If they
Multiply both numerator and denominator start cycling at the same time from the
by 4: starting point, how long will it take for them
to be at the starting point at the same time
again?
Step 1 : Understand the Problem
Step 4: Express as a Percentage We need to find out how long it will take for
A fraction with a denominator of 100 is Ace and Bart to be at the starting point at
easily converted to a percentage. The the same time again after they start cycling.
numerator becomes the percentage. Identify the Key Information
- Ace takes 15 minutes to complete a lap.
- Bart takes 20 minutes to complete a lap.
Answer: Bethany has completed 56% of the Step 2: Make / Devise a Plan
products.
To find when they will both be at the
P2: A farmer decides to sell 25% of his 500 cows. How starting point again, we need to find the
many cows does he sell? least common multiple (LCM) of the time it
Solution: takes each of them to complete a lap. This is
because the LCM will give us the first time
Step 1: Understand the Percentage at which both cycles will align..
25% means 25 out of every 100, which can be written as Step 3: Carry out the plan
25
the fraction Calculate the LCM
100
Step 2: Simplify the Fraction To find the LCM of 15 and 20.

The fraction can be simplified by 15 , 20

dividing both the numerator and Step 4: Look back and Reflect
denominator by their greatest common
factor, which is 25: LCM of 15 and 20 is 60 minutes
Thus, Ace completes 4 laps and Bart
completes 3 laps before meeting again at
the starting point.
Therefore, it will take 60 minutes for Ace
and Bart to be at the starting point at the
same time again.

Subtraction and Division of Decimals

Problem 1. Anna bought 2.75 kg of apples. Step 4
She used 1.38 kg for a fruit salad and also
gave 0.25 kg to her friend. How much is
left?
Solution:
(2.75 - 1.38) - 0.25
2.75 - 1.38 = 1.37
1.37 - 0.25 = 1.12 kg
Subtraction and Division of Fraction
Final Answer: 1.12 kg and Mixed Number
Problem 2. P1: Noah has 4 1/3 liter of juice. He drink
Joy made 4 hamburgers for her friends,using 2/3 of a liter. How much juice is left?
1.36kg of ground beef. How much ground Convert the mixed numbers to improper
beef was in each hamburger? fraction.
Solution: 4 × 3 = 12
Step 1. Understand = 12+1 = 13
What is asked? amount of ground beef in 4 1/3 = 13/3
each burger
Find the Common Denominator
What are given? 4 burgers and 1.36kg of
ground beef 13/3 - 2/3

Step 2 Subtract the Fraction

13/3 - 2/3 = 11/3
Convert the improper fraction to a
Mixed Number
3 ÷ 11 = 3 2/3
3 is the whole number, and 2/3
is the fraction
Step 3
Noah has 3 2/3 liter of juice left
P2: A baker has 2 ¼ kilogram of flour. She
needs to dvide it into bags, each containing
¾ of a kilogram. how many bags can she fill?
Convert the mixed number to an
improper fraction
2 ¼ = 9/4
Use the reciprocal of 2nd fraction Step 1: Understand the Problem
9/3 We are asked to find the total area of a
composite figure made up of two identical
4 4
triangles. Each triangle has:
9x4
Base = 8 cm
4 3
Height = 6 cm
Multiply the Fraction
So we’ll calculate the area of one triangle,
9 x 4 = 36 then multiply by 2 to get the total.

4 3 12 Step 2: Devise a Plan

Simplify: 36 = 3 Use the area formula for a triangle:

12
3 bags of flour with ¾ kg. flour each
Since both triangles are identical, we can:
⚬ Find the area of one
triangle.
⚬ Multiply by 2 to get the
total area of the
composite figure.
Step 3: Carry Out the Plan
Area of one triangle:

1
GEOMETRY A= x 8 x 6=24 cm ²
2
Composite Figures Composed of Triangles
Total area of 2 triangles:
A triangle is a polygon with three sides and
three angles. 24x2= 48 cm²

Triangles have different names based on Step 4: Look Back

their side lengths and angles. • We double-checked the calculations.
A composite figure composed of triangles is • Each triangle is 24 cm², and 2 × 24 =
a larger shape made up of two or more 48 cm².
triangles put together. These figures are not
standard shapes like a single triangle, • The answer makes sense.
square, or rectangle — instead, they are Another Alternative Way
combinations of triangles arranged to form a
new figure. For this specific example:

P1: Anna is designing a flag made • The base: 8 cm

up of two identical triangles
• The height: 6 cm
placed side by side to form a kite
shape. Each triangle has a base of • So we can just use the area of a
8 cm and a height of 6 cm. What parallelogram:
is the total area of the flag?
Area= base x height Triangle B = side1 + side2 + side3 or s1 +
s2 + s3
Area= 8x6=48 cm²
Triangle B = 50 cm + 70 cm + 80 cm
P2: Mr. James bought a cartolina for his
Math Class. He needs two triangles of the Triangle B = 200 cm
same size without wasting any part of the
Therefore, the Perimeter of Triangle B is
cartolina. What will be the perimeter of each
200 cm.
triangle?
Now, add the perimeter of the two triangles.
P= Triangle A (200 cm) + Triangle B (200
cm)
P = 200 cm +200 cm
P= 400 cm
Step 1: Understand the Problem
Therefore, the perimeter of the two triangles
What is given? is 400 cm.

 Triangle A= 50cm, 70cm, 80cm Step 4: Look Back

 Triangle B= 50cm, 70cm, 80cm
 There are two triangles.
What is being asked?  Is the solution correct?
 Yes, the calculations for the perimeter
 To determine how to cut the cartolina
of each triangle and the total
into two triangles and calculate the
perimeter are correct. Each triangle
perimeter of each triangle
has a perimeter of 200 cm, and
Step 2: Devise a Plan together they have a total perimeter
of 400 cm.
 Mr. James can cut the cartolina
diagonally from one corner to the Conversion of Units of Mass
opposite corner. This will create two
 grams - kilograms
congruent triangles.
 grams – milligrams
 What is the formula for the perimeter
of a triangle? P1: A three-layer cake weighs half a
kilogram per layer. In each layer, the cake is
P=a+b+c
decorated with icing which weighs 100 g. A
Step 3: Carry Out the Plan candle which weighs 250 g is added. What is
the total weight in kilogram of the fully
Perimeter of Triangle A decorated cake?
P=a + b + c UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM
Triangle A= side1 + side2 + side3 or s1 + What is asked?
s2 +s3 Triangle A = 50cm + 70cm + 80cm
Find the total weight in kilogram of the fully
Triangle A = 200 cm decorated cake.
Therefore, the Perimeter of Triangle A is Given:
200 cm
 3 cake layers
Then, calculate the perimeter of Triangle B,  Each layer = 0.5 kg
following the same formula.  Each layer has 100 grams of icing
P=a + b + c  1 candle = 250 grams
MAKE A PLAN
  Calculate weight of all cake layers.  Dog: 2 doses of 1.25 g each
 Convert icing and candle weight from  Cat: 3 doses of 0.6 g each
grams to kilograms.  Rabbit: 1 dose = 950 mg
 Add all weights for total.
MAKE A PLAN
EXECUTE THE PLAN
 Multiply doses for each animal.
Cake:  Convert all gram-based amounts to
milligrams.
3×0.5= 1.5 kg
 Add all amounts together.
Icing:
EXECUTE THE PLAN
3×100 g=300g
Dog:
300 g 1 kg 2×1.25 g= 2.5 g
× =0.3 kg
1 1000 g
2.5 g 1000 mg
× =2500 mg
1 1g
Candle:
Cat:
250 g
3x0.6g=1.8g
250 g 1 kg 1.8 g 1000 mg
× =0.25 kg =1800 mg
1 1000 g ×
1 1g
Total Weight:
Rabbit:
1.5kg+0.3kg+0.25kg
Already 950 mg
= 2.05kg
Total: 2500mg+1800mg+950mg
CHECK AND LOOK BACK
=5250mg
 We correctly multiplied the number of
CHECK AND LOOK BACK
cake layers:
 We accurately converted grams to  We correctly multiplied the doses.
kilograms using the formula:  We accurately converted grams to
milligrams using the formula:
grams÷1,000=kilograms
grams×1,000=milligrams
 The total is correct:
 The total is correct:
1.5+0.3+0.25=2.05 kg
2,500+1,800+950=5,250 mg
P2: A veterinarian is preparing medicine for
3 different animals. The dog needs 2 doses Geometry: Conversion of Units of
of 1.25 grams each, the cat needs 3 doses of Length
0.6 grams each and the rabbit needs 1 dose
What is Length Conversion? The method
of 950 milligrams. How many milligrams of
of converting the measures of length from
medicine does the vet need in total?
one unit to another is called length
UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM conversion. In the metric system, units for
length are kilometres (km), metres (m),
What is asked?
centimetres (cm), and so on. The conversion
How many milligrams of medicine are of these units from one unit to another is
needed in total? referred to as the conversion of units for
length. Thus, we can convert km to m, m to
Given: cm, cm to mm and vice versa.
 1. Understand the Problem
• First pole: 3 meters
• Second pole: 250 centimeters
• We need the total in meters
• Units are different (m and cm)
2. Devise a plan
• Convert 250 centimeters to meters.
• “Am I going to a smaller unit?”---
Multiply • Add it to the 3 meters.

• “Am I going to a bigger unit?”--- 3. Carry out the Plan

Divide • 250 ÷ 100 = 2.5 meters
P1: A delivery truck travels 3 kilometers in • 3 + 2.5 = 5.5 meters
the morning and 2,500 meters in the
afternoon. How many meters did the truck 4. Look Back
travel in all?
• Check by converting both to
1. Understand the Problem centimeters:

 The truck traveled 3 kilometers in the • 3 m = 300 cm

morning.
• 300 + 250 = 550 cm
 It traveled 2,500 meters in the
afternoon. • Now convert 550 cm back to meters:
 We need to find the total distance in
meters. • 550 ÷ 100 = 5.5 meters

2. Devise a plan • Answer: The total length of the two

bamboo poles is 5.5 meters.
• Convert 3 kilometers into meters.
• Add the result to the 2,500 meters.
Conversion of Unites o Capacity
3. Carry out the Plan
P1: Pete bought a complete set of pans for
• 3 km × 1,000 = 3,000 meters when he moves into his new home. The
smallest pan has a capacity of 15 deciliters
• 3,000 meters + 2,500 meters = 5,500
which is 2.8 liters capacity less than that of
meters
the largest pan in the kit. What capacity
4. Look Back does the largest pan have?

• Confirm that 1 km = 1,000 meters, so Step 1: Understand the units

3 km = 3,000m
We are given:
• 3,000 + 2,500 = 5,500 — calculation
• Smallest pan = 15 deciliters
is correct.
• Difference in size = 2.8 liters
• Answer: The truck traveled 5,500
meters in all. Step 2 : Convert 15 deciliters to liters
P2: A bamboo pole is 3 meters long. Another • 10 deciliters = 1 liter
pole is 250 centimeters long. What is the
So:
total length of the two poles in meters?
• 15 deciliters ÷ 10 = 1.5 liters Maxi-Expresso.
5. Change the final volume from ml to liters.
Step 3: Add the capacities
Note: 1 cl is equal to 10 ml
1 L is equal to 1000 ml
Step 3: Carry Out the Plan

7.5 cl= 7.5 x 10 = 75

3x = 75
Step 4: Convert the answer to deciliters x = 75÷3= 25 ml
• 1 liter = 10 deciliters 25 ml+ 35 ml= 60 ml
60 ml= 60/1000= 0.06 L
So:
• Final Answer
4.3 liters : 60
× 10 ml and
= 43 deciliters
0.06 L in Maxi- Espresso
Final Answer:
The largest pan can hold 4.3 liters, or 43
deciliters.
Step 4: Look Back and Check
P2: In the Roma Café, if you order a
"Lungo" (long) Coffee, they pour you a cup Does Lungo = 3 × 25 ml= 75 ml.
of coffee with 7.5 cl, exactly 3 times as much
coffee as if you ask for a "Simple Espresso", Does Maxi-Expresso = 25 + 35=60 ml.
which is much more concentrated. There is
also a "Maxi-Expresso" coffee, which has 35 Conversion: 60 ÷ 1000 = 0.06 liters
ml more than the "Simple Expresso". How
many milliliters of coffee are there in a Check: 1000 x 0.06 = 60
"Maxi-Expresso"?
Conversion of Unites of time
Step 1: Understand the Problem
P1: Ella is walking around a square garden.
We are given: Each side of the garden is 25 meters long.
A Lungo coffee has 7.5 cl of coffee. She walks at a speed of 50 meters per
A Lungo is 3 times as much as a Simple minute. How many seconds it take her to
Espresso. walk around the garden once.
What is being asked?
A Maxi-Expresso has 35 ml more than a
Simple Espresso. We need to determine the how many
seconds it takes for Ella to walk around the
Goal: Find how many milliliters and liters square garden once.
are in a Maxi-Expresso.
Given:
Step 2: Devise a Plan
The garden is square.
To solve the problem, we'll:
Each side is 25 meters
1. Change 7.5 cl to milliliters.
Ella walks 50 meters per minute
2. Let represent the volume of a Simple
Espresso in ml. 1. Calculate the perimeter of the square
3. Use the relationship between Lungo and garden to find the total distance Ella will
Simple Espresso to find . walk.
4. Add 35 ml to to find the volume of a
2. Determine the time in minutes it takes to Final Answer: The camp lasted for 78 hours.
walk that distance using her speeed.
3. Convert the time from minutes to
Properties of Triangle
seconds.
The properties of a triangle are:
1. Calculate the perimeter: Since the
garden is a square, all sides are equal.
1. A triangle has three sides, three angles,
Perimeter = 4 length side = 4 25 = 100 and three vertices.
meters
2. The sum of all internal angles of a triangle
is always equal to 180° This is called the
angle sum property of a triangle.

3. The sum of the length of any two sides of

a triangle is greater than the length of the
third side.

3. Convert minutes to seconds: 4. The side opposite to the largest angle of a

2 minutes = 2 60 = 120 minutes triangle is the largest side.

5. Any exterior angle of the triangle is equal

to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
Therefore, Ella takes 120 seconds to walk
This is called the exterior angle property of
once around the garden.
a triangle.
Ella walks 50 meters in 1 minute. The total
P1: Anna is drawing a triangle. She already
distance is 100 meters, which is twice as
measured two of the angles: one is 60° and
much, so it should take twice the time: 2
the other is 80°. What is the measure of the
minutes or 120 seconds
third angle?
Miguel joined a school camp that lasted for
Solution:
3 days and 6 hours. How many hours did the
Step 1: Remember that the sum of the
camp last in total?
angles in a triangle is 180° (Property no. 2)
What are given?
Step 2: Add the two given angles:
The camp lasted 3 days and 6 hours 60° + 80° = 140°
What is being asked?
Step 3: Subtract the sum from 180° to find
The total time in hours the third angle:
180° - 140° = 40°
1. Convert 3 days into hours
2. Add the extra 6 hours Answer: The third angle is 40°.
1 day = 24 hours
P2: An exterior angle of a triangle measures
So, 3 days = 3 × 24 = 72 hours
130°. One of the interior opposite angles is
72 + 6 = total hours 60°. What is the measure of the other
interior opposite angle?
Check: 3 days = 72 hours
Solution:
Add 6 hours → 72 + 6 = 78 Step 1: Remember that the exterior angle of
Answer is reasonable and correct a triangle is equal to the sum of the two
opposite interior angles. ( Property no. 5 )
Step 2: We need to use the formula. STEP 4 : LOOK BACK AND REFLECT
Exterior Angle = Interior Opposite Angle 1 Final answer: 36 cm
+ Interior Opposite Angle 2
subtract:
or E = A + B
P= 12+12+12
Step 3: Let the unknown angle be x. = 36 cm
So: 130° = 60° + x
Answer: The other interior angle is 70°. We will add 12 into 3 as the number sides
of triangle is 3
Solution:
Step 4: Solve P2: Emma is designing a beautiful garden in
the shape of a regular hexagon. She wants
x = 130° - 60° to build a fence around the garden to keep it
safe. Each side of the hexagonal garden
x = 70°
measures 7 feet. Emma wonders how much
Answer: The other interior angle is 70°.
fencing she will need to enclose the garden.
Perimeter of regular Polygons
STEP 1 : UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM
 This section will focus on how to
Emma needs to determine the total length of
calculate the Perimeter of a Regular
fencing required to enclose a regular
Polygon.
hexagonal garden where each side is 7 feet.
 Polygon is regular if all of its sides are
congruent and if all its interior angles STEP 2: DEVICE A PLAN
are congruent.
 Congruent means identical. A regular hexagon has 6 equal sides. To find
the perimeter (total fencing needed):
P1: A regular triangle has sides measuring
of 12 cm. What is the perimeter of the Formula
triangle? P=(n)(b)
STEP 1 : UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM "P" is the Perimeter
Given: "n" is the number of sides
Length of each side = 12 cm "b" is the side length
What is being asked?: STEP 3: EXECUTE THE PLAN
The perimeter of the triangle The number of sides: 6
Length per sides: 7 feet
P= (n)(b)
P= (6)(7)
STEP 2: DEVICE A PLAN P= 42Ft.
We are going to use The rule: STEP 4 : LOOK BACK AND REFLECT
Perimeter= numbers of sides × Length of Check units: Consistent (feet).
each sides
Logical verification: 6 sides × 7 feet each =
STEP 3: EXECUTE THE PLAN 42 feet total.
P= 3 × 12
= 36 cm
Alternative approach: Add all sides P= 2 (a+b)
individually (7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 42
N- What is the number sentence?
feet).
What is the number sentence?
Final Answer
P= 2 (a+b)
Emma needs to buy 42 feet of fencing
P= 2 (15m+10m)
b
Perimeters of Quadrilaterals
a
P1: The Grade 4 class of Teacher May is
A- What is the answer?
working together to build a fence around
their vegetable garden, which is shaped like P= 2 (a+b)
a parallelogram. The longer side of the
garden measures 15 meters, and the shorter P= 2 (15m+10m)
side measures 10 meters. How many meters P= 2 (25m)
of fencing do they need to buy to go all the
way around the garden? P= 50 m

AGONA METHOD The Grade 4 class needs to buy 50 meters of

fencing to go all the way around the garden.
A- What is asked in the problem?
P2: Liam is helping design a new
• How many meters of fencing do they need playground in the shape of a trapezoid. He
to buy to go all the way around the garden? measures the four sides of the playground
G- What are the given facts? and records the following:

The vegetable garden is shaped like a

parallelogram.
•The longer side of the garden measures 15
meters
One base measure 18 meters.
•The shorter side of the garden measures 10
meters. The opposite side measures 15 meters.
The left side is 12 meters long.
The right side is 10 meters long.
What is the perimeter of the trapezoid-
shaped playground?
O- What operation should be used? GIVEN
What operation should be used? a = BC 18 meters
• Addition and Multiplication b = AD 15 meters
P= a + b + a + b c = AB 12 meters
P= 2a + 2b d=CD= 10 meters
P= 2 (a + b) OPERATION
FORMULA ADDITION
Perimeter of parallelogram : Formula
 Perimeter of Trapezoid Short vertical side on bottom right = 1 m
Top diagonal side = 4 m
P= a + b + c + d
Top horizontal side = 2 m (same as bottom
here: side)
Bottom diagonal side = 4 m (same as top
a = BC, b = AD diagonal side)
c = AB, d = CD
NUMBER SENTENCE Solution:
Perimeter = sum of all side lengths
P=a+b+c+d Perimeter = 6m + 2m + 1m + 2m + 4m +
4m = 19 meters
P= 18 + 15 + 12 + 10
Lara needs to buy 19 meters worth of
decorative stones to cover the entire border
of her garden.
ANSWER P2: A farmer is planning to build a fence
P=a+b+c+d around a garden shaped like a non-regular
quadrilateral. To know how much fencing
P= 18 + 15 + 12 + 10 material to buy, the farmer measures each
P = 55 meters side of the garden. The top side is 8
cm,bottom side is 7 cm,right side is 7 cm
The perimeter of the trapezoid-shaped and the left side is 5 cm.
playground is 55 meters.
How many centimeters of fencing material
does the farmer
need to
Problem on Perimeter of Non-Regular
completely
Polygons
enclose the
P1: Lara is designing a garden shaped like garden?
an irregular polygon. She plans to decorate
the entire border with decorative stones.
She measured most of the sides of the
garden: the left vertical side is 6 meters, the
bottom side is 2 meters, the short vertical
segment on the bottom right is 1 meter, and Given:
the diagonal cut on the top right measures 4
meters. However, she forgot to measure the • The top side is labeled 8 cm
top horizontal side and the bottom diagonal
• The bottom
side. To know how many meters of
side is labeled
decorative stones to buy, Lara needs to
7 cm
calculate the full perimeter of her garden.
• The right side
is labeled 7 cm
• The left side is
labeled 5 cm
Solution:
Given:
Perimeter = sum of all side lengths
Left vertical side = 6 m Perimeter = 8cm + 7cm + 7cm + 5cm = 27
Bottom side = 2 m cm
  Parallel sides: AB II CD AND AD II BC
The farmer needs 27 centimeters of fencing (opposite sides are parallel)
material to fully enclose the garden.
Step 3: Identify the type of quadrilateral
 The figure is a square
Properties of Quadrilaterals
Step 4: Look back and Reflect
P1: Engineer Luis is designing a window for
Eng. Luis designed a window with four equal
a new house.. He draws a four-sided figure
sides . All Angles are right angles and
where all the sides are equal in length. Each
opposite sides are parallel. Therefore, the
angle in the figure is a right angle and the
window that Engr. Luis drew is a square.
opposite side are parallel. What type of
quadrilateral did Engineer Luis draw and P2: Leo is cutting a piece of wood to make a
what are its the properties based on its sides frame. The frame has two pairs of opposite
ang angles. sides that are parallel and equal in length.
However, none of the angles are right
Step 1: Understand the Problem
angles. What type of quadrilateral did Leo
 The type of quadrilateral in the figure cut? What are its properties based on its
 The properties based on sides and sides and angles?
angles
Step 1: Understand the Problem
 4 equal sides
 all angles are right angles  The type of quadrilateral
 opposite sides are parallel  Properties based on sides and angles.
 Two pairs of opposite sides that are
Step 2: Devise a Plan
both parallel and equal in length.
In order to answer the problem, we need to  none of the angles are right angles
use the properties given to classify the
Step 2: Devise a Plan
shape. Draw and label the figure, identify
the sides and angles, and compare with In order to answer the problem, we need
known types of quadrilaterals to identify its to use the properties given to classify the
exact type. shape. Draw and label the figure, identify
the sides and angles, and compare with
Step 3: Execute the Plan
known types of quadrilaterals to identify
Step 1: Draw and Label its exact type.
Let A, B, C, D become its label Step 3: Execute the Plan
Step 1: Draw and Label
Let A, B, C, D be the label

Step 2: Identify sides and angles

 Sides: AB = BC = CD = DA (All sides Step 2: Identify sides and angles
are equal)
 Angles: A = B = C = D (All Sides:
are right angles/90%)  AB = CD (opposite sides are equal)
 AD = BC
(opposite sides are parallel)
  AB II CD

reflectio
 AD II BC
Step 2: Identify sides and angles
Angles:

Step 3: Identify the type of quadrilateral

 The figure is a parallelogram
Step 4: Look back and Reflect
n with
respect
Leo is cutting a piece of wood with two pairs
of opposite sides that are equal in length
and none of the angles are right angles.
Therefore, the wood that Leo cut is a
parallelogram.

to a line
Resultin
g images
after
applying
Composite figures of Quadrilaterals