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Genetics Assignment: Mitosis vs. Meiosis

The document is a genetics assignment for Bilal Primary and Secondary Public Schools, containing questions on mitosis and meiosis, Mendel's laws, and genetic terminology. It includes specific tasks such as listing differences between cell division processes, explaining crossing over, and performing genetic crosses with Punnett squares. The assignment emphasizes understanding genetic variation, inheritance patterns, and the significance of Mendelian genetics.

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5 views2 pages

Genetics Assignment: Mitosis vs. Meiosis

The document is a genetics assignment for Bilal Primary and Secondary Public Schools, containing questions on mitosis and meiosis, Mendel's laws, and genetic terminology. It includes specific tasks such as listing differences between cell division processes, explaining crossing over, and performing genetic crosses with Punnett squares. The assignment emphasizes understanding genetic variation, inheritance patterns, and the significance of Mendelian genetics.

Uploaded by

emu9846
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BILAL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

GENETICS ASSIGNMENT (20%)

Name :- ________________________________________ Number:- __________

Answer the following questions clearly

1. List four differences between mitosis and meiosis.

- Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells; meiosis produces four genetically different
cells.
- Mitosis occurs in somatic cells; meiosis occurs in reproductive cells.
- Mitosis maintains the chromosome number (diploid); meiosis halves it (haploid).
- Crossing over does not occur in mitosis; it occurs in meiosis during Prophase I.

2. During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur? Why is it important?

Crossing over occurs during Prophase I of meiosis. It is important because it increases


genetic variation by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.

3. A diploid cell has 10 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have
after:

a) Mitosis: 10 chromosomes
b) Meiosis: 5 chromosomes

4. State one reason why meiosis is important in sexual reproduction.

Meiosis ensures genetic diversity and produces haploid gametes necessary for fertilization.

5. State Mendel’s:

a) Law of Segregation: Each organism carries two alleles for each trait which segregate
during gamete formation.
b) Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits can segregate independently
during the formation of gametes.

6. Give three reasons why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments.

- Pea plants have easily observable traits.


- They grow quickly and produce many offspring.
- They can self-pollinate and be cross-pollinated manually.

7. Define the following terms:

a) Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a trait.


b) Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a trait.
c) Phenotype: The observable characteristics of an organism.
d) Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism.
e) Allele: Different forms of a gene.

8. In peas, tall (T) is dominant to short (t)...

Cross: Tt × tt
Genotypes: Tt, Tt, tt, tt
Phenotypes: 2 Tall : 2 Short (or 1:1 ratio)
Draw a Punnett square:
T t
t | Tt | tt
t | Tt | tt

9. In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b)...

Cross: Bb × Bb
F1 Generation Genotypes: BB, Bb, Bb, bb
Phenotypic Ratio: 3 Black : 1 White
Homozygous Percentage: 1 BB + 1 bb = 2/4 = 50%

10. In a plant, round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled (r)...

Cross: RrYy × RrYy


a) Dihybrid cross:
Genotypic combinations: 16 total combinations
b) Phenotypic Ratio in F2: 9 Round Yellow : 3 Round Green : 3 Wrinkled Yellow : 1 Wrinkled
Green
c) Different Genotypes: 9

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