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Pregnancy Diagnosis via Rectal Examination

The document outlines methods for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle through per rectal examination, detailing the palpation of the amniotic vesicle, fetal membrane slip, placentomes, and the fetus at various gestational days. It provides specific observations and measurements for each stage, highlighting changes in the uterus and fetus from 28 days to 240 days of gestation. Additionally, it discusses the concept of fremitus, a palpable characteristic associated with the hypertrophy of the middle uterine artery during pregnancy.

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Shiva Shivayadav
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13 views3 pages

Pregnancy Diagnosis via Rectal Examination

The document outlines methods for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle through per rectal examination, detailing the palpation of the amniotic vesicle, fetal membrane slip, placentomes, and the fetus at various gestational days. It provides specific observations and measurements for each stage, highlighting changes in the uterus and fetus from 28 days to 240 days of gestation. Additionally, it discusses the concept of fremitus, a palpable characteristic associated with the hypertrophy of the middle uterine artery during pregnancy.

Uploaded by

Shiva Shivayadav
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS: Per Rectal Examination, by…

1. Palpation of amniotic vesicle


2. Palpation of fetal membrane slip
3. Palpation of placentomes
4. Palpation of the fetus
1. Palpation of amniotic vesicle: The amniotic vesicle- palpated from 28 d of gestation in heifers &
by 32 to 35 d in pleuriparous. Can be recognized as spherical, turgid fluid filled structure approx.
1cm in dia which increases in size as pregnancy advances. It is too small to detect before 28 d and
too large and soft to palpate beyond 65 d.

2. Palpation of fetal membrane slip:

3. Palpation of placentomes:

4. Palpation of the fetus:


30 1. Uterus on floor of pelvis
DAYS 2. Slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal
bulging
3. Thinning of the wall, feeling of fluctuance
4. Membrane slip
5. Embryonic vesicle
6. Corpus luteum on ovary

45 1. Uterus still on pelvic floor


DAYS 2. Greater difference in size of pregnant and non-
pregnant horns - 2-2 1/2 inches in diameter
3. Dorsal bulging more pronounced
4. Embryonic vesicle size of small egg
5. Membrane slip
6. Corpus luteum present
60 1. Pregnant horn is dropping over brim of pelvis
DAYS 2. Uterus is 2 1/2-3 inches in diameter
3. Membrane slip in both horns
4. Embryonic area completely fills pregnant horn
and not significant
5. Dorsal bulging is gone
6. Uterus feels like a balloon filled with water
7. Fetal bump appreciable
8. Corpus luteum present
90 1. The uterus in this stage is considerably larger
DAYS because of increased fluid and fetal growth.
2. The fetus is now nearly 6 ½” long And is located
on the floor of the body cavity

120 1. Fetus well over the brim


DAYS 2. Fetus is 10-12 inches in length
3. Small placentomes palpable
4. Fremitus appreciable
5. Ovaries may be hard to locate
150 1. Uterus is pulled well over brim - cervix at the
DAYS brim
2. Distinct placentomes - size of ovaries
3. Well formed fetus
4. Fremitus appreciable, middle uterine artery is
1/4 to l/2 inches in diameter

165-225 1. Cervix drawn forward to brim of pelvis


DAYS 2. Dorsal wall of uterus may be tight and hard to
palpate
3. Placentomes are variable in size
4. Fremitus appreciable, middle uterine artery is
l/2 inch in diameter
5. Fetus may not be palpable
6. From 6 months until calving a movement of
fetus may be elicited by grasping the feet, legs
or nose

240 1. Fetus is back up in pelvic cavity


DAYS 2. Fetal reflexes present
3. Fetal movements detectable

FREMITUS:
1. Hypertrophy of the middle uterine artery is detectable in heifers by 60-75 days and in cows by 90 days.
2. The increase in size of artery and thinning of arterial wall leads to unique palpable characteristic of
fremitus which is usually detected in the artery supplying the gravid and later the non-gravid horn.
3. Not to confuse with internal iliac artery, which is attached by fascia to the shaft of the ilium along with
uterine artery.
4. Middle uterine artery is in the broad ligament and is freely movable. Although fremitus is a sign often
associated with pregnancy, it persists for several days after abortion or parturition and accompanies
conditions other than pregnancy that increase blood flow to the uterus.

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