JOELLEE L. AGUIRRE GWEN IRIS D.
EMPLEO, PhD
Student, MSc in Plant Breeding Associate Professor
POPULATION GENETICS
Problem Set 4
INBREEDING POPULATION
1. You score a molecular marker in a self-pollinating species and estimate the
following genotypic frequencies:
A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 Total
323 55 122 500
a. What is the inbreeding coefficient in the population? (Show your solution)
p (A1A1) = 323/500 = 0.646 p (A1) = p = 0.646 + ½ (0.11) = 0.701
p (A1A2) = 55/500 = 0.11 p (A2) = q = 0.244 + ½ (0.11) = 0.299
p (A2A2) = 122/500 = 0.244
Equation for Inbreeding Population: [ (p2 + Fpq) + ((1-F) (2pq)) + (q2 + Fpq) ]
2 2
0.646− p 0.646−(0.701)
p2 + Fpq = 0.646 F= =¿ =¿ 0.737 ~ 0.74
pq (0.701)(0.299)
b. Is the population in genetic equilibrium? (Show your solution)
Hardy-Weinberg Equation Equation for Inbreeding Population
p2 = (0.701)2 = 0.491 p2 + Fpq = (0.701)2 + ((0.74)(0.701)(0.299)) =
0.646
2pq = (2)(0.701)(0.299) = 0.42 (1-F) 2pq = (1 – 0.74) ((2)(0.701)(0.299)) = 0.11
q2 = (0.299)2 = 0.0894 q2 + Fpq = (0.299)2 + ((0.74)(0.701)(0.299)) =
0.244
Since, Hardy-Weinberg genotypic frequencies is not equal with the genotypic
frequencies of the inbreeding population, therefore, the population is not in
genetic equilibrium.
2. Given the following allele frequencies for an autosomal locus with two alleles (A
and a, with p being the frequency of A) and inbreeding coefficients (measured as a
deviation from Hardy-Weinberg proportions in all problems in this set), calculate the
genotype frequencies and fill out the table below. (Show your solution)
a. p = 0.5; f = 0.5; q = 1 – 0.5 = 0.5
b. p = 0.2; f = 0.1; q = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8
c. p = 0.7; f = 0.05; q = 1 – 0.7 = 0.3
d. p = 0.7; f = -0.05; q = 1 – 0.7 = 0.3
Populatio f(AA) f(Aa) f(aa)
n 2
p + Fpq (1-F) 2pq 2
q + Fpq
2 2
(0.5) + ((0.5)(0.5)(0.5)) (1 – 0.5) ((2)(0.5)(0.5)) (0.5) + ((0.5)(0.5)(0.5))
a
= 0.375 = 0.25 = 0.375
(0.2)2 + ((0.1)(0.2)(0.8)) (1 – 0.1) ((2)(0.2)(0.8)) (0.8)2 + ((0.1)(0.2)(0.8))
b
= 0.056 = 0.288 = 0.656
(0.7)2 + ((0.05)(0.7)(0.3)) (1 – 0.05) ((2)(0.7)(0.3)) (0.3)2 + ((0.05)(0.7)(0.3))
c
= 0.5005 = 0.399 = 0.1005
(0.7)2 + ((-0.05)(0.7)(0.3)) (1 – (-0.05)) ((2)(0.7)(0.3)) (0.3)2 + ((-0.05)(0.7)(0.3))
d
= 0.4795 = 0.441 = 0.0795
3. In cotton, a naturally self-pollinated crop, the frequency of natural crossing
averages 16%. In this plant, the normal bract is completely dominant to frego bract. If
a large cotton population is grown in isolation lot, what will be the ratio of normal
bracts to frego bracts in the next generation if initially the population is in Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium and 4% of the plants have frego bracts? (Show your solution)
Normal bracts (AA = Aa) > frego bracts F = 16% = 0.16
Frego bracts = p (aa) = 4% = 0.04
p (a) = q = √ 0.04 = 0.2 p (A) = p = 1 – q = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8
p (AA) = p2 + Fpq = (0.8)2 + ((0.16)(0.8)(0.2)) = 0.6656 ~ 66.56%
p (Aa) = (1 – F)((2pq)) = (1 – 0.16)((2)(0.8)(0.2)) = 0.2688 ~ 26.88%
p (aa) = q2 + Fpq = (0.2)2 ((0.16)(0.8)(0.2)) = 0.0656 ~ 6.56%
normal bracts (A_) = 66.56% + 26.88% = 93.44%
frego bracts (aa) = 6.56%
normal bracts : frego bracts = 93.44% : 6.56% ~ 14:1