Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO ORIENTAL
STATE UNIVERSITY
A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion
BTLE HE-7 (CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT)
MODULE:
Topic: Review and Application of Key Developmental Stages and
Milestones
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Summarize the major developmental stages and milestones of children and
adolescents.
2. Apply knowledge of these stages to real-world family situations.
3. Propose simple, evidence-based strategies to help children and teens grow well in
families and communities.
ACTIVITY
Instruction: Fill out the timeline below with the correct age and major milestones for each
stage of development.
AGE RANGE DEVELOPME PHYSICAL COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL/
NTAL STAGE DEVELOPME DEVELOPME SOCIAL
NT NT DEVELOPME
NT
0-2
3-5
6-12
13-18
ANALYSIS
1. Why is it important to know the developmental milestones of children and teens?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What can families do to help children at each stage of development?
Davao Oriental State University website: [Link]
Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195
Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: op@[Link]
Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial
Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO ORIENTAL
STATE UNIVERSITY
A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACTION
As children grow, they pass through different developmental stages. Each stage includes
important changes in how they move (physical), how they think and learn (cognitive), how
they feel (emotional), and how they relate to others (social). These changes are called
developmental milestones.
Knowing these milestones helps adult-like parents, teachers, and caregivers to understand
what is normal for each age and how they can help the child grow in a healthy way. It also
helps identify when a child may need extra support or guidance.
Key Developmental Stages and Milestones:
1. Infancy (0–2 years old) - This is the stage where the child is a baby and growing very fast.
→ Physical - Babies learn to lift their heads, sit, crawl, and eventually walk. They learn to
use their hands to grab things like toys or a bottle.
→ Cognitive (Thinking) - Babies start to recognize people, follow moving objects, and
understand cause and effect (like shaking a rattle makes a sound). They also begin to learn
language by listening and repeating sounds.
→ Emotional/Social - Babies form strong bonds with their caregivers. They smile when
happy, cry when they need something, and feel safe when held. Trust is developed in this
stage.
2. Early Childhood (3–5 years old) - This is the preschool stage, where children become
more active and curious.
→ Physical - Children can now run, climb, jump, draw, and do simple tasks like brushing
teeth.
→ Cognitive - They can speak in complete sentences, understand simple instructions, ask
lots of questions, and recognize colors and numbers. Their imagination is very strong at this
stage.
Davao Oriental State University website: [Link]
Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195
Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: op@[Link]
Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial
Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO ORIENTAL
STATE UNIVERSITY
A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion
→ Emotional/Social - Children begin playing with others, sharing toys, and understanding
rules. They want praise and attention and can show strong emotions like happiness, anger, or
jealousy.
3. Middle Childhood (6–12 years old) - This is the school-age period. Children become
more independent and develop important life skills.
→ Physical - Growth slows down a bit, but coordination improves. They can ride bikes,
write neatly, and join in sports.
→ Cognitive - They learn to read, solve problems, and think more logically. They begin to
understand time, money, and rules in games or life.
→ Emotional/Social - Friendships become more important. They begin to care about what
others think and want to fit in. They also start to develop a stronger sense of right and wrong.
4. Adolescence (13–18 years old) - This is the teenage stage, where a lot of physical, mental,
and emotional changes happen.
→ Physical - Puberty begin, this means their bodies change into adult form. Growth spurts
happen, and they may feel awkward about their appearance.
→ Cognitive - Teens start to think more deeply. They can make decisions, plan for the
future, and question beliefs or authority. They are developing their own identity.
→ Emotional/Social - Emotions can become stronger and harder to control. Teens want
more independence from their parents and often look to their friends for support. They begin
to think about romantic relationships and finding their place in the world.
CONCLUSION
In every stage of life, children and adolescents experience many changes in how they move,
think, feel, and relate to others. These changes, called developmental milestones, are natural
and important for their growth. By learning about these stages (infancy, early childhood,
middle childhood, and adolescence) we can understand what children need at different ages.
Families play a big role in this process. When parents and caregivers know what is normal at
each stage, they can give better support, care, and guidance. This helps children grow up
healthier, smarter, and more confident.
Davao Oriental State University website: [Link]
Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195
Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: op@[Link]
Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial
Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO ORIENTAL
STATE UNIVERSITY
A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion
Understanding child and adolescent development is not just for teachers or doctors, it is for
everyone who wants to help young people succeed. With knowledge, love, and the right
support, we can all make a big difference in their lives.
APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE TO REAL-WORLD FAMILY CONTEXTS
Understanding the stages of development is not just for the classroom—it is very useful in
real life, especially for families. Parents, guardians, and caregivers who know what children
and teenagers need at each stage can give the right kind of support. This helps the child grow
up healthy, confident, and prepared for the future.
Here’s how families can apply this knowledge in daily life:
Physical Development - Families should provide safe spaces and opportunities for
children to move, play, and exercise. For example, letting young children run in the
yard or walk with teens helps develop strength, coordination, and health.
Cognitive Development - Families can support thinking and learning by encouraging
curiosity and providing learning materials. For example, reading books together,
helping with homework, or simply answering questions can boost a child’s brain
development.
Emotional Development - Families should listen to children’s feelings and respond
with kindness. Helping a child name and talk about their emotions (like sadness or
anger) teaches them how to manage feelings in a healthy way.
Social Development - Families can help children build strong social skills by
teaching respect, kindness, and cooperation. This can be done through family bonding
activities like playing games, eating meals together, or involving children in decision-
making at home.
OVERALL CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents go through many important stages as they grow, and each stage
comes with unique challenges and needs. Some may experience developmental problems
such as learning disabilities or mental health issues that can affect their thinking, behavior,
emotions, and relationships.
However, with proper understanding, early action, and strong family support, these
challenges can be managed or even overcome. Families play a powerful role in guiding
Davao Oriental State University website: [Link]
Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195
Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: op@[Link]
Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial
Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO ORIENTAL
STATE UNIVERSITY
A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion
children through each stage by helping them grow physically, mentally, emotionally, and
socially. Working together with teachers, doctors, and community programs makes the
support even stronger.
By learning about developmental milestones and how to apply them in real life, we become
better prepared to help young people reach their full potential.
APPLICATION
1. How can a parent or guardian help a 5-year-old child learn better?
2. What kind of support do teens need from their families during adolescence?
3. Why is it important for teachers and families to work together to help a child?
Reporters:
Asmaina Lacsaman
Rogie Lapis
Jocelyn Mabong
Davao Oriental State University website: [Link]
Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195
Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: op@[Link]
Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial