UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2021/2022
YEAR II SEMESTER I EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
EDUCATION ARTS/EDUCATION/ TECHNOLOGY WATER AND IRRIGATION,
SPS 2140/SPM 2140: Probability and Statistics I Year II Semester I
Date: Wednesday 23rd February, 2022 Time: 4.00 pm – 6.00 pm
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO
QUESTION ONE [COMPULSORY] - 30 MARKS
a) Define statistics (2mks)
b) Differentiate between quantitative variables and quantitative variables. (2mks)
c) The following data represents the highest temperatures (°F) for each of the different
countries in Africa. Construct a grouped frequency distribution for the data. (5mks)
112 100 127 120 134 118 105 110 109 112
110 118 117 116 118 122 114 114 105 109
107 112 114 115 118 117 118 122 106 110
116 108 110 121 113 120 119 111 104 111
120 113 120 117 105 110 118 112 114 114
d) Using the data below, estimate the mode using:
i. Formula method (4mks)
ii. Histogram (3mks)
Length Frequency
25 - 29 5
30 - 34 12
35 - 39 25
40 - 44 11
45 - 49 7
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e) An environmental study on a certain species of tree from Mount Kenya is
summarized in the table given below
Marks 30 – 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 80 - 89 90 - 99
Frequency 3 18 20 17 15 5 2
Use the data to compute
1. Mean (2mks)
2. Median (3mks)
3. Standard deviation (3mks)
4. State two advantages of the median compared to the mean as a measure
of central tendency (2mks)
f) A tycoon has 3 house girls who he pays ksh. 4000 each per month, 2 watchmen
who he pays ksh. 5000 each and some garden men who receives ksh. 7000 each.
If he pays out an average of ksh. 5700 per month to these people, find the number
of garden men. (4mks)
Question Two
a) The following data was observed in a certain experiment.
X 15 24 25 30 35 40 45 65 70 75
Y 60 45 50 35 42 46 28 20 22 15
i. Compute the product moment correlation coefficient (4mks)
ii. Comment on the result in (i) above. (1mk)
b) A group of 8 accountancy students was tested in probability and statistics 1
and calculus. Their ranking in the two tests were as follows
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Student Probability and statistic 1 Calculus
A 2 3
B 7 6
C 6 4
D 1 2
E 4 5
F 3 1
G 5 8
H 8 7
Calculate the rank correlation coefficient and comment on the result. (5mks)
c) An investment company advertised the sale of pieces of land at different
prices. The following table shows the pieces of land, their acreage and costs.
Piece of land Acreage in hectares Cost in £ 000
A 2.3 230
B 1.7 150
C 4.2 450
D 3.3 310
E 5.2 550
F 6.0 590
G 7.3 740
H 8.4 850
J 5.6 530
i. Determine the regression equation of y on x (5mks)
ii. Estimate the cost of a piece of land with 4.5 hectares (2mks)
iii. Estimate the expected average if the piece of land costs £ 900,000 (3mks)
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Question three
a) Using the data below,
Length Frequency
25 – 29 5
30 – 34 12
35 – 39 25
40 – 44 11
45 - 49 7
Calculate:
i. The standard deviation of the data (5mks)
ii. The semi interquartile range (5mks)
b) State and explain any three methods of probability sampling (6mks)
c) State and explain any two methods of non-probability sampling. (4mks)
Question Four
a) Two fair six faced dice are thrown. The total for the two throws is obtained
by multiplying the scores on the top most faces. What is the probability that
the total score is.
i. Odd (2mks)
ii. A multiple of 4 (2mks)
iii. A divisor of 12 (2mks)
b) In a survey, 15% of the participants said they had never bought lottery tickets
of premium bonds 73% had bought lottery tickets and 10% had bought
premium bonds. Find the probability that a person chosen at random from
those taking part in the survey:
i. Had bought lottery tickets or premium bonds (2mks)
ii. Had bought lottery tickets and premium bonds. (2mks)
c) State and explain the following
i. Independent events (2mks)
ii. Mutually exclusive events (2mks)
d) X and Y are two events such that 𝑝(𝑋⁄𝑌) = 0.4, 𝑝(𝑌) = 0.25, 𝑝(𝑋) = 0.2. Find:
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i. Represent the information using a tree diagram. (2mks)
ii. 𝑃(𝑌/𝑋) (2mks)
iii. 𝑝(𝑋 ∪ 𝑌) (2mks)
Question Five
a) In a certain assembly plant, three machines make 30%, 45% and 25%
respectively of the products. It is known from the past experience that 2%,
3% and 2% of the products made by each machine, respectively, are defective.
Now, suppose that a finished product is randomly selected.
i. Draw the probability tree for the information above. (3mks)
ii. What is the probability that it is defective? (4mks)
iii. If a product were chosen at random and found to be defective,
what is the probability that it was made by machine 3? (3mks)
b) Suppose we are drawing marbles from a bag that initially contains 7 red
and 3 green marbles suppose also that we are drawing without replacement.
Obtain the following
i. Probability that the first or the second marble is red (3mks)
ii. Draw the probability tree. (3mks)
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