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Contents: nitrogen based fertilizers, productions of HNO3, productions

of Na2CO3, pesticides and herbicides

1. Which reaction represents the industrial synthesis of urea?

A. NH3+H2O→NH4OH
B. NH3+CO2→NH2COONH4 followed by
NH2COONH4→NH2CONH2+H2O
C. NH4++OH−→NH3+H2O
D. NH3+O2→NO+H2O
2. What is the soil reaction of urea in the presence of urease
enzyme?
A. NH3+CO2→ (NH4)2CO3
B. NH3+H2O→NH4++OH−

C. (NH2)2CO+H2O → 2NH3+CO2
D. NH3+NO3−→N2+H2O
3. What is the chemical equation for the production of
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)?
A. H3PO4+NH3→NH4H2PO4
B. H3PO4+2NH3→(NH4)2HPO4
C. H3PO4+3NH3→NH3PO4
D. H2SO4+NH3→(NH4)2SO4
4. Which of the following is NOT a property of DAP?
A. DAP is highly soluble in water.
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B. DAP has a slightly acidic pH in water.
C. DAP provides nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.
D. DAP is a white crystalline or granular solid.
5. Which is a major use of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)?
A. As a fire retardant.
B. Used in the production of sulfuric acid.
C. A high-efficiency nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer.
D. A cleaning agent for industrial machinery.
6. What is the percentage composition of nitrogen (N) in DAP?
A. 15.21% C. 23.48%
B. 21.21% D. 28.21%
7. What is the percentage composition of phosphorus (P) in
DAP?
A. 23.48% C. 18.48%
B. 21.21% D. 31.00%
8. Which intermediate compound is formed during the synthesis
of urea?
A. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
B. Ammonium carbamate (NH2COONH4)
C. Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4)
D. Ammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4)
9. What happens to ammonia released during urea hydrolysis in
the soil?
A. It forms nitrates directly.
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B. It reacts with water to form ammonium ions and hydroxide
ions.
C. It remains in gaseous form.
D. It combines with carbon dioxide to form urea again
10. What is the formula of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)?
A. (NH4)2HPO4 C. (NH4)2SO4
B. NH4H2PO4 D. (NH4)3PO4)
11. Which process is used for the industrial production of
sulfuric acid?
A. Haber Process C. Solvay Process
B. Contact Process D. Bosch Process
12. What is the first step in the production of sulfuric acid using
the Contact Process?
A. Oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide
B. Conversion of sulfur trioxide into oleum
C. Burning sulfur to produce sulfur dioxide
D. Dissolution of sulfur trioxide in water
13. Which catalyst is used in the oxidation of sulfur dioxide
(SO2) to sulfur trioxide (SO3) in the Contact Process?
A. Iron(III) oxide C. Platinum
B. Vanadium(V) oxide D. Manganese dioxide
(V2O5)
14. What are the conditions for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide
to sulfur trioxide in the Contact Process?
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A. High temperature (450-500°C) and low pressure (1-2 atm)
B. Low temperature (200°C) and high pressure (10 atm)
C. Room temperature and atmospheric pressure
D. High temperature (600°C) and high pressure (20 atm)
15. What is the final step in the industrial production of sulfuric
acid?
A. Dissolution of sulfur dioxide in water
B. Absorption of sulfur trioxide in concentrated sulfuric acid to
form oleum
C. Burning of sulfur to produce SO2
D. Cooling sulfur trioxide gas
16. Which of the following is NOT a property of sulfuric acid
(H2SO4)?
A. It is a colorless, oily liquid.
B. It is highly volatile.
C. It is a strong oxidizing agent.
D. It is highly exothermic when mixed with water
17. What is a major industrial use of sulfuric acid?
A. Used as a food preservative
B. Production of fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate
C. Manufacture of plastics
D. Used as a refrigerant in cooling systems
18. Which schematic reaction represents the four major steps in
sulfuric acid production?
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A. S→SO2→SO3→H2S2O7→H2SO4
B. SO2→S→SO3→H2SO4
C. S→H2SO4→SO2→SO3
D. H2O→SO3→SO2→H2SO4

19. What is the balanced chemical equation when aluminum

reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid?
A. 2Al+6H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H2
B. 2Al+6H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O2
C. 8Al+15H2SO4→4Al2(SO4)3+3H2S+6H2O
D. 8Al+15H2SO4→4Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+12H2O
20. What gas is produced when sulfuric acid is reduced in the
reaction with aluminum?
A. Hydrogen gas (H2) C. Oxygen gas (O2)
B. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) D. Ammonia (NH3)
21. What are insecticides?
A. Chemicals used to kill fungi that damage crops
B. Chemicals used to kill or control insects
C. Chemicals that promote plant growth
D. Chemicals used to remove weeds
22. Which of the following is NOT a type of pesticide?
A. Insecticides C. Fertilizers
B. Herbicides D. Fungicides
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23. What are pesticides primarily used for?
A. Enhancing the taste of food crops
B. Eliminating or controlling pests that harm crops
C. Increasing soil water retention
D. Regulating the temperature of crops
24. Which of the following pesticides are used to kill weeds?
A. Fungicides C. Insecticides
B. Herbicides D. Rodenticides
25. Which type of pesticide is used to control fungal infections
in plants?
A. Herbicides C. Fungicides
B. Insecticides D. Nematicides
26. Which pesticide is used to control rodents like rats and
mice?
A. Nematicides C. Rodenticides
B. Herbicides D. Acaricides
27. Which of the following are the most common groups of
herbicides?
A. Organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates
B. Phenoxy acids, triazines, glyphosates
C. Chlorinated hydrocarbons, rodenticides, fungicides
D. Sulfonamides, nitrates, phosphates
28. What is the function of nematicides?
A. Control plant-parasitic nematodes
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B. Eliminate weeds
C. Destroy fungal spores
D. Kill insects
29. Which group of herbicides includes glyphosate?
A. Phenoxy acids C. Non-selective
B. Triazines herbicides
D. Organophosphates
30. Which pesticides are primarily used to control mites and
ticks?
A. Acaricides C. Insecticides
B. Herbicides D. Fungicides
31. Which of the following statements about herbicides is
TRUE?
A. Herbicides are used to control fungal growth.
B. Glyphosate is a common selective herbicide.
C. Triazines are widely used in weed control.
D. Herbicides target soil-dwelling nematodes.
32. . Which of the following are the major raw materials used
in the Solvay process for manufacturing sodium carbonate
(Na2CO3)?
A. Limestone, ammonia, sodium chloride, and water
B. Limestone, sulfuric acid, ammonia, and air
C. Ammonia, hydrogen gas, coal, and water
D. Sodium hydroxide, chlorine gas, water, and air
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33. What is the main byproduct in the manufacturing of
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in the Solvay process?
A. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B. Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
C. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
D. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
34. What is the chemical equation for the decomposition of
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) when heated in the Solvay
process?
A. 2NaHCO3→Na2CO3+CO2+H2O
B. NaHCO3+HCl→NaCl+CO2+H2O
C. NaHCO3→NaOH+CO2
D. NaHCO3+H2O→NaOH+H2CO3
35. What is the purpose of burning coke (carbon) in the Solvay
process?
A. To generate ammonia needed for the process
B. To produce calcium chloride (CaCl2)
C. To provide heat and generate carbon dioxide (CO2)
D. To absorb excess water vapor in the reaction
36. What is the correct chemical formula for washing soda?
A. Na2CO3⋅10H2O C. Na2CO3
B. NaHCO3 D. CaCO3
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37. . Which of the following are major industrial uses of
sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?
A. Soap and detergent manufacturing, paper production, and
textile processing
B. Production of fertilizers, insecticides, and sugar
C. Fuel production and iron smelting
D. As a refrigerant and in food preservation
38. What is the primary role of caustic soda (NaOH) in the
industrial cleaning process?
A. Neutralizing acidic substances
B. Dissolving grease, oil, and protein-based residues
C. Killing bacteria and fungi
D. Absorbing water vapor from the air
39. Which of the following products is manufactured using
sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?
A. Nitric acid C. Soap and paper
B. Ammonia D. Potassium chloride
40. What is the effect of caustic soda on human skin?
A. It causes a cooling sensation.
B. It can cause severe burns and tissue damage.
C. It leaves no reaction on contact.
D. It produces itching without visible damage.
41. Which of the following is a health effect of inhaling caustic
soda fumes?
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A. Eye irritation only
B. Coughing and respiratory irritation
C. Headache with no respiratory effects
D. Increased energy levels
42. Why is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) used in paper
manufacturing?
A. To neutralize acids in the pulp
B. To separate lignin from cellulose fibers
C. To add color to the paper
D. To produce a glossy finish
43. Which industry heavily uses caustic soda for
saponification?
A. Textile industry C. Soap and detergent
B. Food industry industry
D. Glass industry
44. Which statement about the health hazards of caustic soda
(NaOH) is TRUE?
A. It is harmless in low concentrations.
B. It can cause eye damage and permanent blindness.
C. It has no effect on the respiratory system.
D. It can be ingested without harm.
45. What is the role of sodium hydroxide in the textile
industry?
A. Bleaching and softening fabrics
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B. Adding color to the fabrics
C. Producing fibers from raw materials
D. Neutralizing alkaline dyes
46. Which of the following substances can be neutralized by
caustic soda?
A. Sulfuric acid C. Carbon dioxide
B. Sodium chloride D. Ammonium hydroxide
47. What is a major environmental concern caused by the
large-scale use of synthetic fertilizers?
A. Enhanced soil fertility and productivity
B. Accumulation of greenhouse gases leading to climate change
C. Neutralization of acidic soils
D. Reduction in crop yield over time
48. What environmental issue can occur due to the excessive
use of nitrogen-based fertilizers?
A. Eutrophication in water bodies
B. Desertification of land
C. Decrease in soil organic matter
D. Increase in atmospheric oxygen levels
49. Why are nitrogen stabilizers added to the soil after
applying nitrogen-based fertilizers?
A. To reduce the loss of nitrogen through leaching and
volatilization
B. To increase the speed of nitrogen uptake by plants
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C. To make nitrogen fertilizers more acidic
D. To kill harmful soil bacteria
50. What is the role of nitrifying bacteria in the soil after the
addition of nitrogen-based fertilizers?
A. They convert ammonium (NH4+) into nitrates (NO3−)
B. They fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
C. They reduce nitrates into nitrogen gas
D. They prevent nitrogen loss in the soil
51. What happens when nitrates from fertilizers enter water
bodies?
A. Water becomes more acidic, harming aquatic plants
B. It causes excessive algae growth, leading to eutrophication
C. It increases oxygen levels, benefiting fish populations
D. Water becomes clearer and improves aquatic ecosystems
52. Which of the following is a negative effect of synthetic
fertilizers on soil quality?
A. Soil becomes highly alkaline
B. Reduction in microbial diversity and soil health
C. Increased organic matter in the soil
D. Improved water-holding capacity of soil
53. What is a key benefit of adding nitrogen stabilizers to
fertilizers?
A. They increase the availability of phosphorus in the soil
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B. They slow the conversion of ammonium to nitrates, reducing
nitrogen loss
C. They improve soil texture and structure
D. They enhance potassium absorption by plants
54. How do nitrifying bacteria affect nitrogen-based fertilizers
in the soil?
A. They decrease the nitrogen content in the soil
B. They help in the oxidation of ammonium to form nitrates
C. They fix nitrogen directly from the atmosphere
D. They reduce nitrates to ammonium for plants to absorb
55. Which process in nitrogen-based fertilizers causes
groundwater pollution?
A. Nitrification C. Nitrogen fixation
B. Leaching of nitrates D. Denitrification
56. What is the impact of eutrophication caused by synthetic
fertilizers?
A. Increase in biodiversity of aquatic life
B. Depletion of oxygen in water, killing aquatic organisms
C. Formation of clear and clean water bodies
D. Stabilization of the pH in water systems
57. Which of the following is a property of nitric acid (HNO3)?
A. It is a weak acid with a sweet odor
B. It is a colorless, corrosive, and strong acid that turns yellow
upon decomposition
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C. It is insoluble in water and non-corrosive
D. It does not react with metals or bases
58. What happens when nitric acid (HNO3) is exposed to
sunlight?
A. It decomposes into nitrogen, oxygen, and water
B. It turns yellow due to the formation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
C. It remains colorless and stable
D. It forms sulfuric acid as a byproduct
59. In the Ostwald process, what is the primary reactant used
to produce nitric acid (HNO3)?
A. Ammonia (NH3) D. Potassium nitrate
B. Nitrogen gas (N2) (KNO3)
C. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
60. Which catalyst is used in the Ostwald process for the
production of nitric acid?
A. Platinum or rhodium C. Nickel
B. Iron oxide D. Vanadium pentoxide
61. What is the overall reaction in the Ostwald process for
preparing nitric acid (HNO3)?
A. NH3+O2→NO+H2O D.
B. NH3+H2O→NH4OH NH3+2O2→NO2+H2
C. NH3+2O2→HNO3 O
62. Which of the following is NOT a major use of nitric acid
(HNO3)?
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A. Manufacturing of fertilizers like ammonium nitrate
B. Production of explosives such as TNT and nitroglycerin
C. Neutralizing acidic soils
D. Preparation of dyes and plastics
63. What are the main products when potassium nitrate
(KNO3) reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?
A. Potassium sulfate and nitric acid
B. Nitrogen dioxide and water
C. Potassium bisulfate and nitric acid
D. Potassium nitrate and sulfur trioxide
64. What is the chemical equation for the reaction between
potassium nitrate and concentrated sulfuric acid?
A. 2KNO3+H2SO4→K2SO4+2HNO3
B. KNO3+H2SO4→KHSO4+HNO3
C. 2KNO3+H2SO4→KNO2+H2O2
D. KNO3+2H2SO4→K2SO4+SO3+HNO3
65. 9. Which of the following describes the behavior of nitric
acid as an oxidizing agent?
A. It reduces metals to their oxides
B. It oxidizes metals and non-metals while being reduced to
nitrogen oxides
C. It acts only as a dehydrating agent
D. It does not react with metals
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66. Why is nitric acid used in the manufacturing of fertilizers?
A. It provides essential potassium for plant growth
B. It supplies nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate,
promoting plant growth
C. It helps neutralize acidic soils
D. It acts as a pesticide when sprayed