2.
1Types of hand
Generally hand tools are categorized in to two classes. These are
Construction hand tools and
Plumbing hand tools
2.1.1 Construction hand tools
1. Axe:-Used mainly for splitting timber logs that have been cut into lengths. Also useful for
cutting tree roots and other stubborn vegetative material.
2. Broom:- Use to clean up after a job has been finished. Useful for returning soil back to its
original position.
3. Claw hammer:-A claw hammer is sometimes also known as a nail hammer or a carpenter's
hammer.
It is commonly used to insert (and remove) nails and plugs. They are inexpensive and readily
available from most hardware stores.
4. Gimpy (lump) hammer:- A tool with a heavy metal head that is used, for example, to drive in
nails or wooden pegs. Also known as a lump hammer.
5. Hack saw:-A hack saw can be used to cut reinforcement bars and other metals
6. Hoes:-These are used to loosen the soil and roots of small herbaceous (or non-woody) weeds
in disturbed sites.
[Link] pegs:- Marker pegs or small flags attached to wires can be used to mark out a fence
line so that it can be clearly seen. They can be used to mark specific points such as obstacles,
corners, or the end of the fence.
[Link] paint:- Marking paint is used to mark out where boundaries or trenches should be
located. It is a highly visible paint (often fluorescent in colour) and dries extremely quickly.
[Link] pen:- A pen that can be used to mark the lengths and sizes of irrigation pipes or
fittings. An indelible pen is best as this will not wash off if the pipes/fittings get wet.
[Link] :-A mattock looks similar to a pick. However, the head of the tool has an axe-type
cutting tool as well as a digging [Link] loosens compacted hard ground and can remove
large woody weeds.
[Link]:- Used for breaking up very hard surfaces by hand.
[Link]:- A rake can be used to level ground and to pull materials together. Never leave rakes
lying on the ground with the prongs or tines up where people can stand on them.
[Link] mallet:- The rubber mallet allows you to apply force to a paved area without
damaging (or breaking) it.
[Link]:- Similar to a rake (but a lot larger), a screed is used to level the ground and smooth
over the soil. It has a long handle and is usually about a metre across.
15. Screwdrivers:- Screwdrivers are self-explanatory. They are used to drive in and remove
screws. They are inexpensive and readily available from most hardware stores. Some
screwdrivers have magnetic tips too. They come in a range of sizes but the two most common are
the Phillips head and the Flat head. The Phillips head screwdriver has a cross shaped end,
whereas the Flat head screwdriver has a single flat end.
[Link] - narrow-mouthed, long-handle:- A narrow-mouthed, long-handled shovel is used
for digging narrow, deep post holes.
17. Shovel - pointy nosed:- The pointy nosed shovel is used for excavation when large amounts
of sand need to be removed. They are readily available from most hardware stores and can have
either short or long handles.
18. Shovel - round-nosed:- A round-nosed shovel is used for digging into undisturbed ground.
Shovels can have either short or long handles.
19 Shovel - square-mouthed :-A square-mouthed shovel is designed to lift material off a hard
surface, such as lifting aggregate off concrete.
Shovels can have either short or long handles.
21. float used to make smooth concrete surface
22. hose level/water level used for check two points are at the same vertical distance.
23. Pickaxes and Mattocks
Pickaxes and mattocks are tools used for excavating hard or stony soils, difficult to penetrate
with hoes. Pickaxes are effective when breaking hard or stony ground. When excavating side
drains in hard soils, the pickaxe is particularly effective. Mattocks are useful for shaping slopes
in hard soils, and also to cut roots.
24. Shovels and Spades
Shovels are used for scooping up material and loading it on to a trailer, truck or wheelbarrow, or
throwing it directly to where the material is needed. The shovel has a rounded or pointed blade
making it suitable for both digging and loading purposes.
A spade has a stronger square shaped blade and is primarily intended for digging in denser soils
and is less suitable for throwing or loading activities. The spade is essentially a heavy-duty
forged tool. In hard soils, the spade is more efficient because it can be pushed into the ground
without bending the blade.
25. spirit level :-A sealed glass tube is almost filled with colourless liquid but has a small air
bubble. The glass tube is marked so that, when the bubble is positioned between the marks, the
spirit level is precisely flat (horizontal) or upright (vertical).
26. Straight edge:- A straight edge is a straight (not warped) piece of material made of timber,
aluminium or steel.
It is a valuable tool with many uses, but is most commonly used for screeding or as an extension
of a spirit level.
27. Tape measure:- Tapes are used to measure the size of animals and/or plants and also to
measure grid areas for observation.
28. Trowel :-used to pick up, spread mortar and cut excess mortar. sometimes smooth the
motrar
29. Wheelbarrow:- used to cart away soil from the construction site and to transport some
materials like sand…..
30. Wire strippers :-Wire strippers are (obviously) used to strip wires.
31. Hand Rammers Hand rammers are used for compacting soil and gravel. It consists of a
weight with a long handle.
32. bow Saw
33. Bush Knifes Bush knifes are used for clearing bush and dense grass along the road
alignment.
34 Pliers. used to tie rebars
axe
claw hammer gimpy hammer
Broom
markerpeg marking pen mattock pickaxe
screed
hoe rake rubbermallet screwdriver
Shovel - pointy nosed
Shovel-round-nosed Shovel-square-mouthed
plumbob
Spirit level trowel
straight edge float scriber
plumbob wire brush
Scraper:
Wheel barrow Bow sow
2.1.2 Plumbing hand tools
[Link] Marking and measuring tools
[Link]. Holding and gripping tools
[Link]. Cutting, filling and scraping tools
[Link]. Striking tools
[Link]. Drilling,dyeing,reaming and tapping tools
[Link]. Micellaneous tools