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Essential Integration Formulas Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of integration formulas, including basic integration rules, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, logarithmic, exponential, and special functions. It also covers techniques such as integration by parts and reduction formulas. Each section includes specific integration formulas with constants of integration denoted as C.

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Roshan R.S
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© All Rights Reserved
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13 views4 pages

Essential Integration Formulas Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of integration formulas, including basic integration rules, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, logarithmic, exponential, and special functions. It also covers techniques such as integration by parts and reduction formulas. Each section includes specific integration formulas with constants of integration denoted as C.

Uploaded by

Roshan R.S
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Integration Formulas

1. Basic Integration Rules


Z
c dx = cx + C, where c is a constant.

xn+1
Z
xn dx = + C, n ̸= −1.
n+1
Z
1
dx = ln |x| + C.
x
Z
ex dx = ex + C.
ax
Z
ax dx = + C, a > 0, a ̸= 1.
ln a

2. Trigonometric Functions
Z
sin x dx = − cos x + C.
Z
cos x dx = sin x + C.
Z
π
tan x dx = ln | sec x| + C, x ̸= + nπ.
2
Z
cot x dx = ln | sin x| + C, x ̸= nπ.
Z
π
sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C, x ̸= + nπ.
2
Z
csc x dx = − ln | csc x + cot x| + C, x ̸= nπ.

1
3. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Z
1
√ dx = arcsin x + C, |x| < 1.
1 − x2
−1
Z
√ dx = arccos x + C, |x| < 1.
1 − x2
Z
1
dx = arctan x + C.
1 + x2
−1
Z
dx = x + C.
1 + x2
Z
1
√ dx = x + C, |x| > 1.
x x2 − 1
−1
Z
√ dx = x + C, |x| > 1.
x x2 − 1

4. Hyperbolic Functions
Z
sinh x dx = cosh x + C.
Z
cosh x dx = sinh x + C.
Z
tanh x dx = ln | cosh x| + C.
Z
coth x dx = ln | sinh x| + C, x ̸= 0.
Z
sech2 x dx = tanh x + C.
Z
csch2 x dx = − coth x + C.
Z
sech x dx = arctan(sinh x) + C.
Z
csch x dx = ln | coth x − csch x| + C.

2
5. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions
Z
ln x dx = x ln x − x + C.
Z Z
(ln x)n dx = x(ln x)n − n (ln x)n−1 dx, n > 0.
Z
1 ax
eax dx = e + C, a ̸= 0.
a
Z
xex dx = (x − 1)ex + C.
Z
ef (x) f ′ (x) dx = ef (x) + C.
Z
1
dx = ln | ln x| + C, x > 1.
x ln x

6. Special Functions
Z
1 x
√ dx = arcsin + C, |x| < a.
a2 − x2 a
Z
1 p
√ dx = ln x + x2 + a2 + C.
2
x +a 2
Z
1 p
√ dx = ln x + x2 − a2 + C, |x| > a.
x2 − a2
Z
1 1 x
dx = arctan + C.
x2 + a2 a a
x−a
Z
1 1
dx = ln + C.
x2 − a2 2a x+a
Z
x p
√ dx = − a2 − x2 + C.
2
a −x 2

7. Integration by Parts
R R
For u dv = uv − v du:
Z
xex dx = (x − 1)ex + C.

x2
Z
x ln x dx = (ln x − 1) + C.
2

3
8. Reduction Formulas
Z Z
xn ex dx = xn ex − n xn−1 ex dx.
Z Z
(ln x)n dx = x(ln x)n − n (ln x)n−1 dx.
n−1
Z Z
1
sinn x dx = − sinn−1 x cos x + sinn−2 x dx.
n n
n−1
Z Z
n 1 n−1
cos x dx = cos x sin x + cosn−2 x dx.
n n

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