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22618 ETI Notes(Chapter Wise)
English honors (Dhempe College of Arts and Science)
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22618 ETI (Emerging Trends in Computer &
Information Technology) Notes
6th Sem MCQ Test Series (All Subjects) : click here
6th Sem MCQ PDFs (All Subjects) : click here
Chapter No. Name of chapter
1 Artificial intelligence
2 Internet Of Things (IOT)
3 Basics of Digital Forensics
4 Digital Evidences
5 Basic of Hacking
Notes By Prof. Shelke Rupali [Link]
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Unit -1
Artificial intelligence
Course Outcome
Describe Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and deep
learning
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Concept of AI
" Concept of Artificial intelligence (AI)
" Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by
machines, especially computer systems.
Particular applications of AI include
Expert systems :- An expert system is a computer program that uses artificial
intelligence (AI) technologies to simulate the judgment and behavior of a human or an
organization that has expert knowledge and experience in a particular field.
Speech recognition:- Voice recognition systems enable consumers to interact with
technology simply by speaking to it.
Machine vision:- Machine vision is the ability of a computer to see; it employs one or
more video cameras, analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and digital signal processing
(DSP). The resulting data goes to a computer or robot controller.
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Components of AI
" There are six key components that are essential to AI.
1. AI Applications: Packaged applications that solve a business problem (i.e., virtual
agents, financial planning)
2. Data Prep and Cleansing: Make your data ready for AI
3. Model, Build, Train and Run: The studio of a data science artist to build, train
and run models (machine learning)
4. Consumer Features: Speech, images and vision, primarily used in consumer use
cases
5. Natural Language Processing: The nervous system of enterprise AI
6. Lifecycle Management: Managing the lifecycle of AI models and understanding
how they perform
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Types of AI
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Application of AI
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What is Machine Learning?
" Machine Learning
" Study of algorithms that
" improve their performance
" at some task
" with experience
" Optimize a performance criterion using example data or past experience.
" Role of Statistics: Inference from a sample
" Role of Computer science: Efficient algorithms to
" Solve the optimization problem
" Representing and evaluating the model for inference
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Growth of Machine Learning
" Machine learning is preferred approach to
" Speech recognition, Natural language processing
" Computer vision
" Medical outcomes analysis
" Robot control
" Computational biology
" This trend is accelerating
" Improved machine learning algorithms
" Improved data capture, networking, faster computers
" Software too complex to write by hand
" New sensors / IO devices
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When Do We Use Machine Learning?
" ML is used when:
" Human expertise does not exist (navigating on Mars)
" Humans can9t explain their expertise (speech recognition)
" Models must be customized (personalized medicine)
" Models are based on huge amounts of data (genomics)
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Types of Machine Learning
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Sample Applications
" Web search
" " Computational biology
" " Finance
" " E-commerce
" " Space exploration
" " Robotics
" " Information extraction
" " Social networks
" " Debugging software
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What is Deep Learning?
" Deep learning is a computer software that mimics the network of neurons in a brain. It is a subset
of machine learning and is called deep learning because it makes use of deep neural networks.
" Deep learning algorithms are constructed with connected layers.
" The first layer is called the Input Layer
" The last layer is called the Output Layer
" All layers in between are called Hidden Layers. The word deep means the network join neurons in
more than two layers.
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Deep learning Process
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Unit 2: Internet Of
Things (IOT)
Course Outcome
Interpret IoT concepts
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What is Embedded Systems?
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Unit 3: Basics of Digital
Forensics
Course Outcome
Compare models of Digital Forensics Investigation
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Introduction to Digital Forensics
" Digital Forensics is defined as the process of preservation, identification,
extraction, and documentation of computer evidence which can be used by
the court of law.
" It is a science of finding evidence from digital media like a computer, mobile
phone, server, or network.
" [Link]
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History of Digital forensics
" Hans Gross (1847 -1915): First use of scientific study to head criminal investigations
" FBI (1932): Set up a lab to offer forensics services to all field agents and other law
authorities across the USA.
" In 1978 the first computer crime was recognized in the Florida Computer Crime Act.
" Francis Galton (1982 - 1911): Conducted first recorded study of fingerprints
" In 1992, the term Computer Forensics was used in academic literature.
" 1995 International Organization on Computer Evidence (IOCE) was formed.
" In 2000, the First FBI Regional Computer Forensic Laboratory established.
" In 2002, Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE) published the first book
about digital forensic called "Best practices for Computer Forensics".
" In 2010, Simson Garfinkel identified issues facing digital investigations.
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Rules of digital forensics
" Rule 1. An examination should never be performed on the original media.
Rule 2. A copy is made onto forensically sterile media. New media should always be used if available.
"
Rule 3. The copy of the evidence must be an exact, bit-by-bit copy. (Sometimes referred to as a bit-
stream copy).
Rule 4. The computer and the data on it must be protected during the acquisition of the media to
ensure that the data is not modified. (Use a write blocking device when possible)
Rule 5. The examination must be conducted in such a way as to prevent any modification of the
evidence.
Rule 6. The chain of the custody of all evidence must be clearly maintained to provide an audit log of
whom might have accessed the evidence and at what time.
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Goal of digital forensics
" It helps to recover, analyze, and preserve computer and related materials in such a manner that it helps the investigation agency to present them
as evidence in a court of law.
" It helps to postulate the motive behind the crime and identity of the main culprit.
" Designing procedures at a suspected crime scene which helps you to ensure that the digital evidence obtained is not corrupted.
" Data acquisition and duplication: Recovering deleted files and deleted partitions from digital media to extract the evidence and validate them.
" Helps you to identify the evidence quickly, and also allows you to estimate the potential impact of the malicious activity on the victim
" Producing a computer forensic report which offers a complete report on the investigation process.
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Process of Digital forensics
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DFRWS Investigative Model
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Abstract Digital Forensics Model (ADFM)
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Integrated Digital Investigation Process (IDIP)
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Enhanced Digital Investigation Process Model (EDIP)
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An Extended Model of Cybercrime Investigations
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Uml modeling of digital forensic process models
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Ethical issues in digital forensics
" Ethical issues in Digital Forensics
" Honesty
" Fairness
" Good reputation
" Consistency
" Goodwill
" Proficiency
" A sense of community
" [Link]
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Unit 4: Digital
Evidences
Course Outcome
Describe evidence handling procedures
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Digital Evidences
" Digital evidence
" Digital evidence or electronic evidence is any probative information stored or transmitted in digital form that a party to a court case may use at trial.
Before accepting digital evidence a court will determine if the evidence is relevant, whether it is authentic, if it is hearsay and whether a copy is acceptable
or the original is required.
" [Link]
" Digital Signature
" [Link]
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Rules of Digital evidences
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locard's exchange principle
" [Link]
" Example
" [Link]
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Types of Evidences
" Illustrative evidences
[Link]
" Electronics evidences
" Documented evidences
" Explainable evidences
" Substantial evidences
" Testimonial evidences
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Challenges in evidences handling
" Failure to adequately document the response to a computer security incident.
Properly retrieved evidence requires a paper trail.
Properly collecting evidence is a big challenge
Must be authenticated at a judicial proceedings and
1. Chain of custody for the evidence must be maintained.
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Authentication of Evidence
" The many state laws, define computer data as <writings and recordings=.
Before they may be introduced into evidence, documents and recorded material must be
authenticated.
Authentication, defined basically means that whomever collected the evidence should
testify during direct examination that the information is what the proponent claims.
You meet the demands of authentication by ensuring that whomever collected the
evidence is a matter of record.
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Chain of Custody
Maintaining chain of custody requires that collected evidence be stored in a tamper proof manner.
Not to be accessed by unauthorized individuals.
You need to maintain positive control (evidence within your possession or within your sight at all times) of all best evidence.
Until it can be hand carried or shipped to evidence custodians for proper storage.
Your organization9s best evidence should always be stored within a safe or storage room that is inaccessible to anyone other than the appointed evidence
custodian(s).
Area referred to as an evidence safe
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Evidence Validation
" volatile evidence (telephone numbers, voice mail, e-mail messages)
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Unit 5: Basics of
Hacking
Course Outcome
Describe Ethical Hacking Process
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Ethical Hacking
[Link]
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