Module 1 Worksheet: Thinking Like a Historian – Comparative Analysis between Primary and Secondary

Sources

Name:DIMLA, JHON CYRUS P. Section: PSY101

Date:August 30, 2024

Document Primary Source Secondary Source

Step 1: Identify Things

Santiago Alvarez's Memoirs of a
General is a primary source.

Why? Because A primary

Teodoro Agoncillo's The Revolt
source provides a firsthand
of the Masses is a secondary
account on an event, often
source.
written by someone who
Title of the Document:
directly experienced it. Santiago
Which between the two is Why? Because A secondary
Alvarez, as a prominent figure in
Primary and which is source analyzes and interprets
the Magdiwang fsction and a
Secondary? Why? (5pts.) informtion from primary
participant in the Tejeros
sources. Tejeros Agoncillo, as a
Convention, offers a direct
historian, draws upon various
perspective on the events. His
primary sources.
memories are considered
primary because they are his
own personal recollection of the
convention.
The convention took place
on March 22, 1897, during the
Philippine Revolution against
The convention was
Spanish rule. The document intended to unify these
describes the political tensions factions under a new
between the Magdalo and government, but it
What kind of document is this? Magdiwang factions of the ultimately resulted in a
When was this document Katipunan, the revolutionary power struggle and the
created? (Date and the organization fighting for election of Emilio
prevailing condition) (5pts.) Philippine independence. Aguinaldo as president,
which angered Andres
Bonifacio, the founder of
the Katipunan.

Something about the author of Agoncillo's Nationalist Agoncillo's

the document? (Research at Perspective Agoncillo was a Controversies Despite his
least three significant prominent Filipino historian contributions to Philippine
information about the author known for his strong nationalist historiography, Agoncillo's
 views. His works often
emphasized the role of Filipino
heroes and the struggles for
independence. This perspective
could potentially influence his
interpretation of events, leading
works have also been subject to
him to present a more favorable
criticism. Some historians argue
view of Bonifacio and the
that he presented a biased
Katipunan.
account of the Tejeros
Convention, favoring Bonifacio
that can establish or question Agoncillo's Scholarship
and portraying Aguinaldo in a
his/her credibility) (5pts.) Agoncillo was a prolific writer
less favorable light. This debate
and researcher who extensively
highlights the complexities of
studied Philippine history. He
historical interpretation and
consulted primary sources,
raises questions about
including archival documents
Agoncillo's objectivity.
and eyewitness accounts, and
his works are considered to be
well-researched and insightful.
This strong foundation in
historical research adds to his
credibility.
Step 2: Understand things
Purpose: Presenting a chronological A secondary source that could
Why did the author create this narrative of the events leading provide further context and
document? What was the goal? up to the convention, analysis of the Tejeros
(5pts.) emphasizing the growing Convention could be a scholarly
tensions between the article or book focusing on the
Magdiwang and Magdalo Philippine Revolution. For
factions of the Katipunan. example, a work like "The
Describing the atmosphere and Philippine Revolution: 1896-
proceedings of the convention 1901" by Teodoro Agoncillo
itself, including the arguments, would offer a broader historical
disagreements, and ultimately, perspective on the events
the decision to establish a new surrounding the convention and
government and elect its its implications for the
leaders. revolution.
Analyzing the significance of the
convention in the context of the
Philippine Revolution,
highlighting the shift from a
revolutionary society to a more
formalized government
structure.
The provided text itself can be
considered a primary source as
it likely draws directly from
historical records, eyewitness
accounts, or original documents
 related to the Tejeros
Convention.

Step 3: Connect Things

The text seems to lean towards
a Magdalo perspective,
portraying Bonifacio and the
Magdiwang faction in a less
favorable light. This is evident in
the emphasis on Bonifacio's
alleged resentment, his
perceived limitations, and the
portrayal of the Magdiwang as
less organized and prone to
internal conflicts.
The author might be presenting
a revisionist interpretation of To further explore potential
the events, potentially biases, a secondary source like a
influenced by later historical biography of Andres Bonifacio
narratives that favored the or a scholarly work on the
Magdalo faction. This could Tejeros Convention could
What possible bias the author
involve selectively highlighting provide alternative perspectives
manifested in this document
certain aspects of the story and historical context. For
that can be attributed to his
while downplaying others, example, "The Katipunan and
identity? (5pts.)
potentially shaping the reader's the Philippine Revolution" by
perception of the events. Ambeth Ocampo offers a
The author might be influenced nuanced perspective on
by a nationalist perspective, Bonifacio and his role in the
emphasizing the importance of revolution.
unity and the establishment of a
strong central government
during the revolution. This
could lead to a portrayal of
Bonifacio's actions as disruptive
and detrimental to the
revolutionary cause.
The text itself serves as a
primary source for identifying
potential biases, as it offers the
author's direct narrative and
interpretation of the events.
After reading the documents, Una, nakita natin kung gaano ka-importante ang Katipunan sa
what insights does these pagsisimula ng rebolusyon. Si Andres Bonifacio, ang Supremo,
historical documents convey? talagang nag-lead ng mga Katipunero para labanan ang mga
(5pts.) Espanyol. Pero, ang ganda rin ng mga documents na to kasi
nakikita natin ang mga internal struggles ng Katipunan.
Ang Tejeros Convention, grabe ang drama! Ang gulo pala ng mga
Magdiwang at Magdalo. Parang nag-away away sila kung sino ang
mas magaling, haha! Pero, nakikita rin natin na ang rebolusyon ay
 hindi lang tungkol sa pakikipaglaban sa mga Espanyol, kundi pati na
rin sa pag-aayos ng mga internal conflicts.
At siyempre, hindi natin makalimutan ang pagiging presidente ni
Emilio Aguinaldo. He was a strong leader, but he also had his own
challenges.
Sa mga documents na to, nakikita natin na ang Philippine
Revolution ay hindi lang isang simpleng kwento ng tagumpay. It
was a complex period of struggle, sacrifice, and internal conflicts.
Pero, sa kabila ng lahat ng 'yan, nagawa pa rin ng mga Pilipino na
makamit ang kanilang kalayaan, kahit na hindi pa ito tuluyang
naganap.

Importance of the Documents is

Humanizes Historical Figures: Ang mga dokumento ay nagpapakita
po ng personal na laban at damdamin ng mga leader tulad nina
Bonifacio at Aguinaldo. Ito po ay nagbibigay ng human touch sa
mga pangunahing tauhan ng kasaysayan.
Reveals Inner Conflicts: Ipinapakita ng mga dokumento ang mga
hidwaan at pagtatalo sa loob ng mga rebolusyonaryo. Ito ay
nagpapakita ng kumplikasyon at kahirapan sa pagbuo ng isang
bagong pamahalaan.
Provides Primary Sources: Ang mga dokumento ay mahalagang
Why are the documents primary sources para sa mga historian. Ito ay nagbibigay ng direkta
important? What is the at orihinal na impormasyon mula sa mga taong mismong
contribution of the documents nasaksihan ang mga pangyayari.
helping us understand grand And the Contribution to Understanding Philippine History
narrative of Philippine History?
(5pts.) Ang mga dokumentong ito ay nag-aambag sa mas malalim na pag-
unawa sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Ito ay nagbibigay ng konteksto at
detalye sa mga pangyayari na naganap sa panahon ng Philippine
Revolution. Sa pamamagitan ng mga dokumento, mas
nauunawaan natin ang mga pagsubok, tagumpay, at kumplikasyon
na bumuo sa ating bansa.
Sa kabuuan, ang mga dokumentong ito ay tulad ng mga pinto na
nagbubukas sa atin sa kasaysayan ng ating bayan. Ito ay
naglalaman ng mga kwento, puna, at saloobin ng mga taong naging
bahagi ng mahalagang yugto ng ating kasaysayan.

Note: the column width and height can be adjusted as needed.

REFERENCES:

Teodoro Agoncillo. (2024, August 26). Wikipedia. [Link]