Distributed by ANSYS, Inc.

ANSYS Motion
Example
Manual
ANSYS, Inc.
 Example Manual ANSYS, Inc.

Contents

Chapter 1 Modeling of Parametric Variables with Slider Crank System in 2D 4

1.1. Getting started ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1. What do you learn ........................................................................................................... 4
1.1.2. Requirements .................................................................................................................. 5
1.1.3. Simulation goal ............................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Build model............................................................................................................................. 7
1.2.1. Define Design Variables.................................................................................................. 7
1.2.2. Creation of body ........................................................................................................... 10
1.2.3. Creation of constraint .................................................................................................... 12
1.2.4. Simulation ..................................................................................................................... 14
1.3. Modify model........................................................................................................................ 16
1.3.1. Modify and analysis ...................................................................................................... 16

Chapter 2 Modeling and analysis of door latch of the car 22

2.1. Getting started ....................................................................................................................... 22
2.1.1. What do you learn ......................................................................................................... 22
2.1.2. Requirements ................................................................................................................ 24
2.1.3. Simulation goal ............................................................................................................. 24
2.2. Build model........................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.1. Creation of body ........................................................................................................... 25
2.2.2. Creation of constraint .................................................................................................... 26
2.2.3. Creation of force ........................................................................................................... 31
2.2.4. Creation of contact ........................................................................................................ 34
2.2.5. Define Design Variables................................................................................................ 37
2.2.6. Simulation ..................................................................................................................... 39
2.3. Modify model........................................................................................................................ 41
2.3.1. The Goal of model modification ................................................................................... 41
2.3.2. Modify the model .......................................................................................................... 41
2.3.3. Analysis and comparison .............................................................................................. 42

Chapter 3 Modeling and Analysis of V-Type Crank Shaft 43

3.1. Getting Started ...................................................................................................................... 43
3.1.1. What do you learn ......................................................................................................... 43
3.1.2. Requirements ................................................................................................................ 45
3.1.3. Simulation goal ............................................................................................................. 45
3.2. Build Model of Subsystem1.................................................................................................. 46
3.2.1. Creation of Body ........................................................................................................... 46
3.2.2. Creation of Constraint ................................................................................................... 48
3.3. Build Model of Subsystem2.................................................................................................. 50
3.3.1. Creation of Body ........................................................................................................... 50

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3.3.2. Creation of Constraint ................................................................................................... 52

3.3.3. Define Design Variables................................................................................................ 55
3.4. Assembly of Subsystem ........................................................................................................ 57
3.4.1. Import subsystem .......................................................................................................... 57
3.4.2. Object Control ............................................................................................................... 58
3.4.3. Creation of Constraints ................................................................................................. 60
3.4.4. Simulation ..................................................................................................................... 62

Chapter 4 Mount Bush Modeling Technique 66

4.1. Getting started ....................................................................................................................... 66
4.1.1. What do you learn ......................................................................................................... 66
4.1.2. Requirements ................................................................................................................ 68
4.1.3. Simulation goal ............................................................................................................. 69
4.2. Build model........................................................................................................................... 71
4.2.1. Define Design Variables................................................................................................ 71
4.2.2. Create Body .................................................................................................................. 73
4.2.3. Create constraints .......................................................................................................... 79
4.2.4. Simulation for static solution ........................................................................................ 81
4.2.5. Find the dynamic motion function ................................................................................ 90
4.2.6. Simulation for dynamic solution ................................................................................... 95

Chapter 5 Mount Bush Modeling with Bushing Force 112

5.1. Getting started ..................................................................................................................... 112
5.1.1. What do you learn ....................................................................................................... 112
5.1.2. Requirements .............................................................................................................. 114
5.1.3. Simulation goal ........................................................................................................... 114
5.2. Build model......................................................................................................................... 116
5.2.1. Create Body ................................................................................................................ 116
5.2.2. Modify the constraints ................................................................................................ 118
5.2.3. Create Spline ............................................................................................................... 120
5.2.4. Create Bushing Force .................................................................................................. 123
5.2.5. Simulation for static solution ...................................................................................... 124
5.2.6. Simulation for dynamic solution ................................................................................. 127

Chapter 6 Dynamic Solution study of Numerical Damping and Maximum Stepsize 159
6.1. Getting started ..................................................................................................................... 159
6.1.1. What do you learn ....................................................................................................... 159
6.1.2. Requirements .............................................................................................................. 160
6.1.3. Simulation goal ........................................................................................................... 163
6.2. Build model......................................................................................................................... 164
6.2.1. Create Body ................................................................................................................ 164
6.2.2. Create Constraints ....................................................................................................... 166
6.2.3. Create Force ................................................................................................................ 168
6.2.4. Simulation ................................................................................................................... 170

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6.2.5. Effect Analysis of the Maximum Stepsize .................................................................. 173

6.2.6. Effect Analysis of the Numerical Damping ................................................................ 178

Chapter 7 Using the SINE_SWEEP Function to Test a Model 185

7.1. Getting started ..................................................................................................................... 185
7.1.1. What do you learn ....................................................................................................... 185
7.1.2. Requirements .............................................................................................................. 187
7.1.3. Simulation goal ........................................................................................................... 188
7.2. Build model of case1 .......................................................................................................... 189
7.2.1. Define Design Variables.............................................................................................. 189
7.2.2. Modify Constraint ....................................................................................................... 191
7.2.3. Create Force ................................................................................................................ 192
7.2.4. Simulation ................................................................................................................... 194
7.3. Build model of case 2 ......................................................................................................... 198
7.3.1. Create Body ................................................................................................................ 198
7.3.2. Create Constraints ....................................................................................................... 199
7.3.3. Create Force ................................................................................................................ 200
7.3.4. Simulation ................................................................................................................... 202

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Chapter 1 Modeling of Parametric

Variables with Slider Crank System in 2D
1.1. Getting started

1.1.1. What do you learn

This chapter will introduce how to model parametric variables such as Design Variable, Design
Point, and Design Frame as shown in Table 1-1. The parametric model is very useful for design
studies such as screening, effect analysis or sensitivity analysis for design parameters. There are
properties not to be modeled by the parametric variables. For example, properties based on a file,
spline curves, geometries imported from CAD, function expressions, and so on cannot be modeled
by the parametric variables. If API is used, those properties may be possible to do a design study.

• Table of detail design variables

Entities Description
Use to do a parametric study with parameters of body, joint and
Design Variable
force.
Use to do a parametric study with a hard point of joint or force
Design Point
and a shape of body.
Design Frame Use to do a parametric study with a direction of joint or force.
Table 1-1 List of parametric variables

• Description of a tutorial model

A simple slider crank system is introduced to learn how to use parametric variables as shown in
Figure 1-1. The link and slider bodies are constrained by joints and the spring force is applied on
the slider body.

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Figure 1-1 Simple car door system

1.1.2. Requirements

• Requirement packages
ANSYS Motion

• Prerequisite knowledge
Dynamics

• Technical terminologies

Term Description Unit

f Closing Force kg
T Hinge Torque Nmm
r Distance of Latch from hinge mm
Table 1-2 Explain of Mechanical Formula

• Theory of model

T
f = (Eq. 1)
r
• Topology of model

No. Base Body Action Body Constraint type

1 Ground Link 1 Revolute joint
2 Link 1 Link 2 Revolute joint
3 Link 2 Slider Revolute joint
4 Ground Slider Translational joint
5 Ground Slider Spring
Table 1-3 List of Constraints and Force in the multi-body model

1.1.3. Simulation goal

This simulation will investigate the effects of length of the links, the direction of the translational
joint, and stiffness and damping coefficients of spring changes on the translational velocity of the
slider body.

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Contents Entity
Performance Translation velocity of the slider body
Length of Link 1 and Link 2
Design parameters Direction of translational joint
Spring and damping coefficients
Table 1-4 Design Parameter

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1.2. Build model

1.2.1. Define Design Variables

① Creation of Design Variable

Two design variables which are used to parameterize spring and damping coefficients of Spring
can be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-5 and Figure 1-2. The damping

coefficient of c is defined depending on the spring coefficient of k as following equation.

c = 0.01  k (Eq. 1)

Step How to do
1 Create a new subsystem and sets the acceleration vector of gravity to (0,-9806.65,0).
2 Select “Design Variable” from the sub-entity window.
3 Select the empty grid under “Name” and key in “stiffness”.
4 Select the empty grid under “Value” and key in “1000”.
5 Select the empty grid under “stiffness” and key in “damping”.
6 Select the empty grid under “1000” and key in “0.01*stiffness”.
Table 1-5 Creation steps of the design variables

Figure 1-2 Grid view of “Design Variable”

② Creation of Design Point

Five design points which are used to parameterize length of links and a direction of a translational
joint can be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-6 and Figure 1-3.

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Step How to do
1 Select “Design Point” from the sub-entity window.
2 Select the empty grid under “Name” and key in “pt1”.
3 Select the empty grid under “Value” and key in “0,0,0”.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 with “pt2”, “30,50,0”, “pt3”, “150,0,0”, “pt3_x”, “160,0,0”,
4
“pt3_y”, and “150,10,0”.
Table 1-6 Creation steps of the design points

Figure 1-3 Grid view of “Design Point”

③ Creation of Design Frame

One design frame which is used to parameterize a direction of a translational joint can be created
while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-7 and Figures 1-4.

Step How to do
1 Select “Design Frame” from the sub-entity window.
2 Select the empty grid under “Name” and key in “df1”.
3 Click the button under “Pick” to open the transform picker..
Select “Point and Orientation ” filter to determine position and orientation of the
4
design frame.
5 Select the design point of “pt3” as the “Point”.
6 Select “Three Point ” filter to determine the orientation of the design frame.
7 Select the design point of “pt3”, “pt3_x”, “pt3_y” as the three points.
Table 1-7 Creation steps of the design frame

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Figure 1-4 Design frame on the screen

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1.2.2. Creation of body

① Creation of cylinder

Two cylinders are created to represent the link bodies while practicing the modeling steps in the
Table 1-8 and Figures 1-5.

Step How to do
1 Click “Cylinder” from the “Body” Tab in the ribbon menu.
2 Select the design point of “pt1” as the “Bottom Position”.
3 Select the design point of “pt2” as the “Top Position”.
4 Set the radius as “10” and click the color button and select one of colors. (Optional)
Click “Apply & Restart” to restart the creation of cylinder. Select the design points
of “pt2” and “pt3” for the bottom and top positions, respectively. After these steps,
5
the bottom and top positions of the second cylinder are parameterized to the
design points of “pt2” and “pt3”, respectively.
Table 1-8 Creation steps of the link 1 and link 2

Figure 1-5 Created link bodies

② Creation of sphere

One sphere is created to represent the slider body while practicing the modeling steps in the Table
1-9. If the view is set as “top”, the created sphere is displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 1-6.
Since the center position of sphere is parameterized by the design point of “pt3”, the position of the
sphere can be dependent on the position of design point.

Step How to do
1 Click “Sphere” from the “Body” Tab in the ribbon menu.
Select the design point of “pt3” as “Center Position”. After this step, the center
2
position of the sphere is parameterized to the design point of “pt3”.

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3 Click the color button and select one of colors. (Optional)

Table 1-9 Created link bodies

Figure 1-6 Creation steps of the slider

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1.2.3. Creation of constraint

① Creation of revolute joint

Three revolute joints are created to connect between bodies while practicing the modeling steps
in the Table 1-10 and Figure 1-7.

Step How to do
Click “Revolute” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the revolute joint.
2 Pick “ ” to define the base body.
3 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the action body.
5 Select the design point “ ” as the position.
6 Set the z-axis of the joint to (0,0,1) or by clicking the button of “+Z”.
Table 1-10 Creation steps of the revolute joints

We set B as Base body, set A as Action body and set design point P as the position.

Figure 1-7 Base body, Action body, Position and Direction

Since the positions of revolute joints are parameterized by the design points of “pt1”, “pt2”, and
“pt3”, the positions of joints can be dependent on the positions of design points.

② Creation of translational joint

One translational joint is created to connect between ground and slider bodies while practicing
the modeling steps in the Table 1-11.

Step How to do
Click “Translational” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation dialog of the translational joint.
2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the translational joint.

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3 Pick “BD_03” on the screen to define the action body of the translational joint.
Pick the design point of “pt3” to define the position of the joint. After this step, the
4
joint position is parameterized to the design point of “pt3”
Pick the design frame of “df1” on the screen to set the z-axis of the joint. After this
5
step, the joint z-axis is parameterized to the design frame of “df1”.
Table 1-11 Creation steps of the translational joint

Since the position and orientation of translational joint are parameterized by the design points of
“pt3” and the design frame of “df1”, the position and orientation of joint can be dependent on the
position of design point and the orientation of design frame, respectively.

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1.2.4. Simulation

① Analyze system

The dynamics analysis can be carried out while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-12.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
Check “Append date and time to result filename”. And then, simulation date and
2
time are automatically appended on the result filename.
3 Select a result file name and run the simulation.
Table 1-12 Setting steps for simulation

② Post processing

After the simulation is finished, the post processor automatically is opened. The translational
velocity of the slider body can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Table 1-13 and
Figure 1-8.

Step How to do
1 Select the result filename in the “Object Navigator”.
2 Select “BD_03” from the objects. “BD_03” is the slider body.
3 Select “Velocity” in “Characteristic” window.
Select “X” in “Component” window. This component coincides with the z-axis of
4
translational joint.
Click “Add Curve” in “Draw Curve” window. And then, the translational velocity is
5
drawn in the plot view. The x axis of graph is time and automatically set.
Table 1-13 Steps for adding the translational velocity curve in the plot view

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Figure 1-8 Adding a curve in the plot view

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1.3. Modify model

1.3.1. Modify and analysis

① Effect analysis of geometric variables

It is possible to investigate the effect of link length changes on the translational velocity while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-14. As the design point of “pt2” is changed, the
position of the second revolute joint, the lengths of link bodies are simultaneously changed as
shown in Figure 1-9.

Step How to do
1 Select “Design Point” from the sub-entity window.
Click the value grid of “pt2” and change the point of (30,50,0) to (50,50,0). After
2 this step, the position of the second revolute joint, the lengths of link bodies are
changed as shown in Figure 1-9.
3 Click “Simulate” to run ANSYS Motion Solver.
Table 1-14 Steps for modifying the design point and re-simulation

Figure 1-9 Adding a curve in the plot view

The original and modified lengths of “BD_01” and “BD_02” bodies show as following Table
1-15.

Link Original design Modified design

BD_01 58.31 (mm) 70.71 (mm)
BD_02 130.00 (mm) 111.80 (mm)
Table 1-15 Comparison of link lengths

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After the simulation is finished, the new result is automatically imported in the post processor
and the translational velocity of the slider body can be plotted while practicing the operations in the
Table 1-16 and Figure 1-10.

Step How to do
1 Select new result filename in the “Object Navigator”.
2 Select “BD_03” from the objects. “BD_03” is the slider body.
3 Select “Velocity” in “Characteristic” window.
Select “X” in “Component” window. This component coincides with the z-axis of
4
translational joint.
Click “Add Curve” in “Draw Curve” window. And then, the translational velocity is
5
drawn in the plot view.
Table 1-16 Steps for adding the translational velocity curve in the plot view

Figure 1-10 Adding the curve with modified result

From this result, we can understand that the slider speed in the second simulation is faster than
that of the original model.

Also, it is possible to investigate the effect of the direction of translational joint change on the
translational velocity while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-17. As the design frame of
“df1” is changed, the z-axis of the translational joint simultaneously changed as shown in Figure
1-11. The orientation of “df1” can be changed from the position of design point of “pt3_x”.

Step How to do
1 Select “Design Point” from the sub-entity window.
Click the value grid of “pt3_x” and change the point of (160,0,0) to (160,-1,0). After
2 this step, the z-axis of the translational joint is changed as shown in Figure 1-11. The
rotational angle is calculated as following equation.

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 −1
 = tan −1    5.71 
 10 
3 Click “Simulate” to run ANSYS Motion Solver.
Table 1-17 Steps for modifying the design point and re-simulation

Figure 1-11 Changed the joint direction

After the simulation is finished, the new result is automatically imported in the post processor.
New translational velocity curve can be added to the plot view while repeating steps in the Table
1-16 as shown in Figure 1-12. Since the change of the direction almost does not affect on the
solution, the link length is higher than the joint direction for the sensitivity of the slider velocity.

Figure 1-12 Third simulation result

② Effect analysis of parametric variable

Spring force is introduced to explain a parameterization of a design variable. The spring force can

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be created and parameterized while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 1-18, 1-19 and
Figures 1-13.

Step How to do
1 Click “Spring” from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu.
2 Pick a ground to define the base body of the spring force.
3 Pick “BD_03” to define the action body of the spring force.
4 Set “Base Position” as (170,0,0)
5 Pick “pt3” as the “Action Position”.
Table 1-18 Steps for creating the spring force

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of “TSPRING_01”.
Select the button of “ ” to activate the design variable picker and Click the design
2
variable picker of “ ” to open the list of design variable.
Select the design variable of “stiffness”. After this step, the spring coefficient is
3
parameterized to the design variable of “stiffness”.
Repeat the steps of 2 and 3 to parameterize the damping coefficient to the design
4
variable of “damping”.
5 Key in “25” to change the coil diameter.
6 Run the simulation
Table 1-19 Steps for modifying the spring force

Figure 1-13 Modification of the spring force

After the simulation is finished, the new result is automatically imported in the post processor as
shown in Figure 1-14. New translational velocity curve can be added to the plot view while
repeating steps in the Table 1-16. Since the spring force resists that the slider body moves, the

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translational velocity is nearly close to zero.

Figure 1-14 Simulation result with the spring force

The design variables are changed while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-20.

Step How to do
1 Select “Design Variable” from the sub-entity window.
Click the value grid of “stiffness” and change the value of 1000 to 1. After this step,
2 the spring and damping coefficients of the spring force are changed. The values of
spring and damping coefficients become 1 and 0.01, respectively.
3 Click “Simulate” to run ANSYS Motion Solver.
Table 1-20 Steps for modifying the design variable and re-simulation

After the simulation is finished, the new result is automatically imported in the post processor as
shown in Figure 1-15. New translational velocity curve can be added to the plot view while
repeating steps in the Table 1-16. Since the spring and damping coefficients of the spring become
smaller than the previous simulation, the translational velocity becomes relatively larger than that
of the previous simulation as shown in Figure 1-15.

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Figure 1-15 Simulation result with modified coefficients

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Chapter 2 Modeling and analysis of door

latch of the car
2.1. Getting started

2.1.1. What do you learn

This chapter will introduce how to model a door latch of the car and how to design the numerical
value of closing force step by step as shown in Table 2-1. It is very useful in actual production and
design of the car. If the closing force is too big, the door will be very difficult to be closed, but if
the closing force is too small the door will not closed tightly, it's very dangerous for the passengers.
There’re some factors like W/S reaction force, Checker, Latch bumper will affect the performance
when the door be closed. Analysis is a good method to evaluate the close performance. We will
change the stiffness of Latch Bumper to analysis the closing force. And should we test again and
again to find the correct values of closing force in the actual? It will be possible to solve this
problem after learning the third chapter.

• Table of detail design steps

Entities Description
Creation of function
Define Design Variables
Creation of design point
CAD file import
Create Body
Change body name
Creation of revolute joint
Creation of translational joint
Create Constraints
Creation of revolute joint
Creation of joint motion
Creation of Spring Force
Create Force
Creation of R-Spring Force
Create Contact Creation of Contact
Analysis system
Simulation
Post processing and Effect analysis of closing force
Table 2-1 List of design step

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• Description of a tutorial model

A simple car door system is introduced to learn how to Modeling and Analysis of door latch as
shown in Figure 2-1. From Figure 2-2 we can see the Door Latch system specifically. It be divided
into four parts as Hinge, Door PNL, Latch and Striker.
The closing force is a very important concept in this chapter, so, what is the closing force? Closing
force is the minimum force that required to closing the door very slowly.

Figure 2-1 Simple car door system

• What is the Latch system and how does it work?

To analyze the closing force, Latch system is divided into several elements as Hinge, the weight of
Door, the Claw inside Latch, Pawl, Latch Bumper and Striker. When the door is closing, Claw is
locked with Striker, then the door is closed.

Figure 2-2 Detail Latch System

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2.1.2. Requirements

• Requirement packages
ANSYS Motion Pro
ANSYS Motion / STEP Translator
• Prerequisite knowledge
ANSYS Motion Post Processor Tutorial

• Technical terminologies

Term Description Unit

f Closing Force kg
T Hinge Torque Nmm
r Distance of Latch from hinge mm
Table 2-2 Explain of Mechanical Formula

• Theory of model

T
f = (Eq. 1)
r

• Topology of model

No. Base Body Action Body Constraint type

1 Ground Door Revolute Joint
2 Door Claw Revolute Joint
3 Door Pawl Revolute Joint
4 Door Bumper Translational Joint
5 Ground Striker Fixed Joint
Table 2-3 List of Constraints in the multi-body model

2.1.3. Simulation goal

This simulation will investigate the effects of Stiffness of equivalence bumper spring changes.

Contents Entity
Performance The torque of the hinge
Design parameters Stiffness of bumper spring
Table 2-4 Design Parameter

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2.2. Build model

2.2.1. Creation of body

① CAD file import

Create a subsystem at first, when we create the subsystem, set the gravity as “0”. Then use CAD
import system to import the model that we made into ANSYS Motion Preprocessor as steps in the
Tables 2-5.

Step How to do
Copy and extract “Example Manual [Link]” file from “ANSYS installed
1
path\Motion\Document\” to user directory.
2 Create a new subsystem and set the gravity of all direction as “0”.
3 Click “CAD” button to import a CAD file in “Import” Tab in ribbon men.
4 Select “FR_Door_Aseem.stp” file in “\Example Manual Models\” folder to import it.
Table 2-5 Importing step to CAD file

Figure 2-3 Imported CAD

② Change body name

The body name of each part of the Door Latch can be changed to make us easier to recognize
each part while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 2-6 and Figures 2-3.

Step How to do
1 Click “BD_xxx” button with right mouse button.
2 Click “Property” to change the body name of each part.
Key in the name as “bumper”, “claw”, “pawl”, “striker” and “door” for each part as
3
shown in Figure 2-3 in the body name.

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Table 2-6 Change name of each part

Figure 2-4 The name of each part

2.2.2. Creation of constraint

① Creation of revolute joint

Three revolute joints are created to connect between door and ground, door and claw, door and
pawl while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-7 and Figure 2-4, 2-5.

Step How to do
Click “Revolute” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the revolute joint.
2 Pick “ ” to define the base body.
3 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the action body.
4 Click the circle to pick the center point of each disk.

5 Select the direction as “ ” as shown in Figure 2-5.

Table 2-7 Creation steps of the revolute joints

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Figure 2-5 The aim of three Revolute joint to create

Figure 2-6 Base body, Action body, Position and Direction

We set B as Base body, set A as Action body, set the center of the circle as Position, and set
as Direction.

② Creation of translational joint

One translational joint is created to connect between Door and Bumper while practicing the
modeling steps in the Table 2-6 and Figure 2-6, 2-7.

Step How to do
Click “Translational” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation dialog of the translational joint.
2 Pick “Door” on the screen to define the base body of the translational joint.
3 Pick “Bumper” on the screen to define the action body of the translational joint.
4 Click “Multi Point Center ” to pick the center point of the plane.
Select point1, point2, point3 and point4 according to the order and select point1,
5
point2, point3 and point4 according to the order.
6 Click “Surface ” to pick the direction as shown in Figure 2-8
7 Click “Apply” to finish the creation of translational joint.
Table 2-8 Creation steps of the translational joints

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Figure 2-7 The aim of the translational joint to create

Figure 2-8 Creation of the translational joints

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③ Creation of fixed joint

One fixed joint is created to connect between Ground and Striker while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 2-9 and Figure 2-8, 2-9.

Step How to do
Click “Fixed” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the fixed joint.
2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the fixed joint.
3 Pick “Striker” on the screen to define the action body of the fixed joint.
Click “Circle Center ” to pick the top center point of the cylinder shown in Figure
4
2-10 as the position.
Table 2-9 Creation steps of the fixed joints

Figure 2-9 The aim of the fixed joint to create

Figure 2-10 Creation of the fixed

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④ Creation of joint motion

Inputting the motion of door's revolute joint can define the closing motion of the door. The joint
motion is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-10 and Figures 2-10.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of “RJ_01”.
Select the combo box upper to the "Displacement" button to change the function
3
type as “Motion Function”.
Select the combo box button blow to the " Motion Function " button to change the
4
Motion type as “Displacement”.
Input the Function "STEP(TIME,0,0,1.8,-1.9*DTOR)" at "Function Input" window.
5 It mains the angle between ground and door will changed 1.9 degree every 1.8
second as shown in Figure 2-10.
Table 2-10 Creation steps of the joint motion

Figure 2-11 Creation of the Joint motion

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2.2.3. Creation of force

① Creation of spring force

The Spring force is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 2-11.

Step How to do
1 Click “Spring” from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation dialog.
2 Pick “Door” on the screen to define the base body of the Spring force.
3 Pick “Bumper” on the screen to define the action body of the Spring force.
4 Input (1427.2809, 785, 523.51896) in the "Base Position" window.
5 Input (1427.2809, 774.03526, 523.51896) in the "Action Position" window.
Table 2-11 Creation steps of the Spring force

To create a totally Spring force, the setting of some values is required, just as Stiffness Coefficient,
Damping Coefficient and Coil Diameter. The Spring force is settled while practicing the setting
steps in the Table 2-12 and Figure 2-11.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of “TSPRING_01”.
2 Input "5"in the "Spring Coefficient" window.
3 Input "0.1"in the “Damping Coefficient " window.
4 Input "10"in the “Coil Diameter " window.
Table 2-12 Setting steps of the Spring force

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Figure 2-12 Setting of the Spring force

② Creation of R-spring force

Two R-Spring force are created between door and claw, door and pawl while practicing the
modeling steps in the Table 2-13.

Step How to do
Click “R-Spring” from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the Rotational Spring.
2 Pick “RJ_02” on the screen to define the Joint of the R-Spring force.
Click “Apply & Restart” to restart the creation R-Spring force. Pick “RJ_03” on the
3
screen to define the Joint of the R-Spring force.
Table 2-13 Creation steps of the R-Spring force

To create a totally R-Spring force, the setting of some values is required, just as Stiffness
Coefficient and Damping Coefficient. The R-Spring force is settled while practicing the setting
steps in the Table 2-14 and Figure 2-12.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of “RSPRING_01”.
2 Input "100"in the "Spring Coefficient" window.
3 Input "1"in the " Damping Coefficient " window.
4 Repeat 1st, 2nd, 3rd steps to set “RSPRING_02” with same values.
Table 2-14 Setting steps of the R-Spring force

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Figure 2-13 Setting of the R-Spring force

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2.2.4. Creation of contact

The Contact is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-15and Figure 2-13, 2-14.
First, 4 Faceset is created on the surface of “Bumper”, “Claw”, “Pawl” and “Striker”.

Step How to do
Click “Create Faceset” from the “Contact” Tab to open the creation dialog of the
1
Faceset.
If there's multi face to pick click the green button first, if only one face to pick, skip
2
this step.
3 Click the brown plane on the screen to define the contact face.
Repeat 1st, 2nd, 3rd steps to create the Faceset of , “Claw”, “Pawl” and “Striker”. The
4
picked faces are shown as figure 2-14.
Table 2-15 Creation steps of the Faceset

Figure 2-14 The aim of the Faceset to create

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Figure 2-15 Creation of the Faceset

Second, 3 Contact is created between “Bumper” and “Striker”, “Striker” and “Claw”, “Claw” and
“Pawl” as shown in Table 2-16 and Figure 2-15.

Step How to do
Click “General Contact” from the “Contact” Tab to open the creation dialog of the
1
Contact.
2 Pick “Faceset_001” on the screen to define the base geometry of the Contact 1.
3 Pick “Faceset_004” on the screen to define the action geometry of the Contact 1.
Click “Apply & Restart” to restart the creation operation of General Contact. Repeat
4 2nd and 3rd steps to create the General Contact between “Striker” and “Claw”,
“Claw” and “Pawl” as shown in figure 2-16.
Table 2-16 Creation steps of the Contact

Figure 2-16 The aim of the Contact to create

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To create a totally Contact, the setting of some values is required as shown in the Table 2-17 and
Figure 2-17.

Step How to do
1 Click “GContact_01” button with left mouse button.
2 Click “Property” to set the values of each part.
3 Input "10000" in the "Stiffness Coefficient" window.
4 Input "2" in the "Exponent of Penetration" window.
5 Input "1" in the "Max Damping Coefficient " window.
6 Uncheck “Node Only Option”.
7 Click “Geometry” button to input the value of "Max. Penetration".
8 Input "1" in the " Max. Penetration " window.
9 Input "1" in the next " Max. Penetration " window.
Repeat 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th steps to set “GContact_02” and
10
“GContact_03” with same values.
Table 2-17 Creation steps of the Contact

Figure 2-17 Setting of the Contact

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2.2.5. Define Design Variables

① Creation of Function Expression

There’s a function expression should be given to the model. It is used to translate the torque of
RJ_01 to the closing force focus on the striker. According to the function of Mechanical Dynamic
they can be calculated like below.

Figure 2-18 Condition of Latch System

Condition: Length of door PNL=1003mm as shown in Figure 2-18.

The equation of torque body can be represented as:

T = F  L( N  mm ) (Eq. 1)

This equation can be transformed as:

F = T / L( N ) = T / 1003 ( N ) (Eq. 2)

This function expression could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-18 and
Figure 2-19.

Step How to do
1 Click "Function Expression" from the sub-entity window.
2 Key in "Closing_force_kfg" in "name" dialog.
3 Key in "TZ (p1, p2, p2)/1003" in the "Function Input" window below "name" dialog.
Double-click "1" in the "No" column of the argument list to open the picker window.
4 Right-click "RJ_01/ActionMarker" in the subsystem navigator and select the pick
button to select it as the first argument.

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In the same way as in step 4, double-click "2" in the "No" column of the argument
5 list to open the picker window. Right-click "RJ_01/BaseMarker" in the subsystem
navigator and select the pick button to select it as the second argument.
6 Click “ ” to save function expression
Table 2-18 Creation steps of the function expression

Figure 2-19 Creation steps of the function expression

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2.2.6. Simulation

① Analysis system

The dynamics analysis can be carried out while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-19.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Input "2"in the " Time " window.
3 Input "300"in the " Frame" window and run the simulation
Table 2-19 Setting steps for simulation

② Post processing and effect analysis of closing force

After the simulation is finished, the post processor will open automatically. The Torque of the
part Hinge according to the closing force of part "Latch" can be plotted while practicing the
operations in the Tables 2-20 Figures 2-20, 2-21.

Step How to do
Play the animation and check that whether the Striker and Claw, Claw and Pawl is
1 contact at 0.6255s, Striker and Bumper contact at 1.566s as shown in Figure 2-20. If
the animation is correct, do the next steps.
Select “Window Split Type 2” from “Windows” category in the ribbon menu. And
2
then, the window will be split in two views.
Pop-up the menu of “Create Plot” while clicking the right button of mouse on the
3
empty view and click “Create Plot” to create the plot view.
4 Select the result filename in the “Object Navigator”.
5 Select “f(x)/Closing_force_kgf” from the objects.
6 Select “Expression” in “Characteristic” window.
7 Select “Value” in “Component” window.
Click “Add Curve” in “Draw Curve” window. And then, the translational velocity is
8
drawn in the plot view. The x axis of graph is time and automatically set.
Table 2-20 Steps for creating a plot view

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Figure 2-20 Check the animation

Figure 2-21 Adding a curve in the plot view

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2.3. Modify model

2.3.1. The Goal of model modification

Closing force is the minimum force needed when close the door. The closing force is acting on the
W/S reaction force, Latch Bumper and Rotational Spring. The goal in this section is to control the
closing force to about 16N. To achieve this goal, we prefer to reduce the stiffness of Latch bumper
about 10% to analysis the reduction of closing force.

2.3.2. Modify the model

① Modify the Stiffness of Latch Bumper

The property of translational spring force is modified while practicing the setting steps in the
Table 2-21.

Step How to do
1 Click “TSPRING_01” with right mouse button to activate the “Property ".
Click “Property” button to input the value of Stiffness Coefficient, Damping
2
Coefficient and Coil Diameter.
3 Input "4.5"in the "Spring Coefficient" window.
Table 2-21 Steps for modify the TSPRING force

Then painting both of the curve of result1 and result2 as we do in Table 2-20 and Figure 2-21. The
curve will be created as Figure 2-22.

Figure 2-22 The closing force of Result1 and Result2

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2.3.3. Analysis and comparison

The closing force of the two results can be checked simply by use the “Tracking curve” function
of ANSYS Motion post processor while practicing the operations in the Tables 2-22 and Figures
2-23.

Step How to do
1 Click the curve of result1 to read the closing force of result1.
2 Click the curve of result2 to read the closing force of result1.
Table 2-22 Steps for read the value of closing force

Figure 2-23 The closing force of Result1 and Result2

The value of closing force of result1 is 17.75N and the value of result2 is 17.05N. We find that
with the decrease of stiffness of Latch Bumper the closing force will always be reduced. The
closing force is reduced by about 3.9%. In the other side, the closing force also can be increased by
improve the stiffness of Latch Bumper.

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Chapter 3 Modeling and Analysis of

V-Type Crank Shaft
3.1. Getting Started

3.1.1. What do you learn

This chapter will introduce how to model a V-Type crank shaft and how to test the model step by
step as shown in Table 3-1. It is very useful in actual production and design of engine. It is
generally known that there are so many same mechanical parts in engine. While the actual drawing,
should we build those parts again and again, and import those one by one? Is there a way could
save your time? We will use a assembly system to modeling the V-Type Crank. The advantage of
the assembly system is to minimize the model. We will only make the piston model once and
assembly it twice. It will be possible to solve this problem after you learned this chapter.

• Table of detail design steps

Entities Description
Creation of function
Define Design Variables
Creation of design point
CAD file import
Create Body
Change body name
Creation of revolute joint
Creation of translational joint
Create Constraints
Creation of fixed joint
Creation of joint motion
Creation of Spring Force
Create Force
Creation of R-Spring Force
Assemble of Subsystem Combine two subsystem
Analysis system
Simulation Post processing and effect analysis of velocity and
torque
Table 3-1 List of design step

• Description of a tutorial model

A simple V-Type engine system is introduced to learn how to modeling and analysis of V-Type

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crank shaft as shown in Figure 3-1. From Figure 3-2 we can see the V-Type crank shaft system
specifically. It could be divided into four parts as Cylinder Head, Connecting Rod, Fly Wheel and
Crank Shaft.

Figure 3-1 Simple V-Type engine system

Figure 3-2 Detail of V-Type crank shaft system

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3.1.2. Requirements

• Requirement packages
ANSYS Motion Pro
ANSYS Motion / STEP Translator

• Prerequisite knowledge
ANSYS Motion Post Processor Tutorial

• Topology of model

No. Base Body Action Body Constraint type

1 Ground Fly Wheel Revolute Joint
2 Connecting Rod Head Pin Revolute Joint
3 Crank Shaft Sub Connecting Rod Revolute Joint
4 Fly Wheel Crank Shaft1 Fixed Joint
5 Crank Shaft1 Crank Shaft2 Fixed Joint
6 Head Pin Cylinder Head Fixed Joint
7 Ground Cylinder Head Translational Joint
Table 3-2 List of Constraints in the multi-body model

3.1.3. Simulation goal

This simulation will investigate the how the velocity of translational joint of piston changes, while
body type and motion of joint change.

Contents Entity
Velocity of translational joint of piston
Performance
Torque of crank shaft
Motion of joint
Design parameters
Body type
Table 3-3 Design problem

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3.2. Build Model of Subsystem1

3.2.1. Creation of Body

① CAD file Import

Use CAD import system to import the model that we made into ANSYS Motion Preprocessor as
steps in the Table 3-5 and Figure 3-3.

Step How to do
Copy and extract “Example Manual [Link]” file from “ANSYS installed
1
path\Motion\Document\” to user directory.
Create a new model in “Standard”, named it as “Crank_Main” and set the gravity as
2
“-Y”.
3 Click “CAD” button to import a CAD file.
Select the combo box upper to the "cancel" button to change the file format as
4
“STEP File”.
5 Select “Crank_Main.stp”file in the “\Example Manual Models\” folder.
Table 3-4 Importing step to CAD file

Figure 3-3 “Select CAD Import File” dialog

② Change Body Name

The body name of each part of the V-Type Crank Shaft can be changed to make us easier to
recognize each part while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 3-6 and Figures 3-4.

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Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of each body.
Key in the name as “Fly_wheel”, “Crank_shaft1”, “Crank_shaft2”, for each part as
2
shown in Figure 3-4 in the body name.
Table 3-5 Importing step to CAD file

Figure 3-4 Name of each part

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3.2.2. Creation of Constraint

① Creation of Revolute joint

There is a revolute joint between ground and fly wheel body as shown in Figure 3-5. The revolute
joint could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 3-7 and Figure 3-5.

Step How to do
Click “Revolute” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the revolute joint.
2 Pick “Ground ” to define the base body.
3 Pick “Flywheel ” on the screen to define the action body.
4 Click the circle to pick the center point of Fly_Wheel.

5 Select the direction as “ ” as shown in Figure 3-5.

Table 3-6 Creation steps of the revolute joints

We set B as Base body, set A as Action body, set the center of the circle as Position, and set
as Direction.

Figure 3-5 Revolute joint to be created

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② Creation of Fixed joint

There are two fixed joints, one is between fly wheel and crank shaft1, and another is between
crank shaft1 and crank shaft2. All fixed joints could be created while practicing the modeling steps
in the Table 3-8 and Figure 3-6, 3-7.

Step How to do
Click “Fixed” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the fixed joint.
2 Pick “Fly_wheel ” on the screen to define the base body of the fixed joint.
3 Pick “Crank_shaft1 ” on the screen to define the action body of the fixed joint.
Click “Circle Center ” to select the high light circle of the column as shown in
4
Figure 3-7.
Table 3-7 Creation steps of the fixed joints

Figure 3-6 Fixed joints to be created

Figure 3-7 Fixed joints to be created

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3.3. Build Model of Subsystem2

3.3.1. Creation of Body

① CAD file Import

Use CAD import system to import the model that we made into ANSYS Motion Preprocessor as
steps in the Table 3-9 and Figure 3-8.

Step How to do
Create a new subsystem in General, named it as “Piston_System” and set the gravity
1
as “-Y”.
2 Click “CAD” button to import a CAD file.
3 Select “Piston_System.stp”file in the “\Example Manual Models\” folder to import.
Table 3-8 Importing step to CAD file

Figure 3-8 “Select CAD Import File” dialog

② Change Body Name

The body name of each part of the piston system can be changed to make us easier to recognize
each part while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 3-10 and Figures 3-9.

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Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of each body.
Key in the name as “Connecting_Rod”, “Head_Pin”, “Cylinder_Head”, for each part
2
as shown in Figure 3-9 in the body name.
Table 3-9 Importing step to CAD file

Figure 3-9 Name of each part

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3.3.2. Creation of Constraint

① Creation of Translational joint

There is a translational joint, which is created to connect between Ground and Cylinder Head
while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 3-11 and Figure 3-10.

Step How to do
Click “Translational” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation dialog of the translational joint.
2 Pick “Ground ” on the screen to define the base body of the translational joint.
Pick “Cylinder_Head ” on the screen to define the action body of the
3
translational joint.
4 Click “Circle Center ” to select the circle above blue dotted line.

5 Click “Cylinder ” to pick the direction as “ ” as shown in Figure 3-10

Table 3-10 Creation steps of the translational joints

We set B as Base body, set A as Action body, set the center of the circle as Position, and set
as Direction.

Figure 3-10 The translational joint to be created

② Creation of Fixed joint

There is a fixed joint, which is created to connect between Cylinder head and Head pin while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 3-12 and Figure 3-12. The fixed joint will be created as
shown in Figure 3-11.

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Step How to do
1 Click “Connecting_Rod” with right mouse button and click “Hide” button to hide it.
Click “Fixed” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
2
dialog of the fixed joint.
3 Pick “Head_Pin ” on the screen to define the base body of the fixed joint.
4 Pick “Cylinder_Head ” on the screen to define the action body of the fixed joint.
Click “N-Point Center ” to select the circle above red dotted line as shown in the
5
Figure 3-12
Table 3-11 Creation steps of the fixed joints

Figure 3-11 Fixed joints to be created

Figure 3-12 Position of fixed joints

③ Creation of Revolute joint

There is a revolute joint between connecting rod and head pin. Joint would be created while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 3-13 and Figure 3-14. The revolute joint will be created
as shown in Figure 3-12.
Before create revolute joint, we suggest you hide “Cylinder_head” first.

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Step How to do
Click “Revolute” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the revolute joint.
2 Pick "Connecting Rod " to define the base body of revolute joint.
3 Pick “Head pin ” on the screen to define the action body of revolute joint.
4 Click “N-Point Center ” to pick the center point of “Head Pin”.

5 Click “Cylinder ” to pick the direction as “ ” as shown in Figure 3-14.

Table 3-12 Creation steps of the fixed joints

Figure 3-13 The revolute joint to be created

Figure 3-14 Creation of Revolute Joint

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3.3.3. Define Design Variables

① Creation of Function Expression

Function expression could be used for showing velocity of joint with specific direction. Function
expression could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 3-14 and Figure 3-15.

Step How to do
1 Click “Function Expression” from the sub-entity window.
2 Key in "VZ" in "name" dialog.
3 Key in "VZ (p1, p2, p2)" in the "Function Input" window below "name" dialog.
Double-click "1" in the "No" column of the argument list to open the picker window.
4 Right-click "TJ_01/ActionMarker" in the subsystem navigator and select the pick
button to select it as the first argument.
In the same way as in step 4, double-click "2" in the "No" column of the argument
5 list to open the picker window. Right-click "TJ_01/BaseMarker" in the subsystem
navigator and select the pick button to select it as the second argument.
6 Click “ ” to save function expression
Table 3-13 Creation steps of the function expression

Figure 3-15 Creation steps of the function expression

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② Creation of Design Point

Design points which are used to confirm position of connection, can be created while practicing
the modeling steps in the Table 3-15 and Figure 3-16.

Step How to do
1 Select “Design Point” from the sub-entity window.
2 Select the empty grid under “Name” and key in “center1”.
3 Click the “pick ” button
4 Click “N-Point Center ” to pick some points to confirm the center point.
5 Select the circle above red dotted line as shown in the Figure 3-16
Table 3-14 Creation steps of the design point

Figure 3-16 The points to be pick

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3.4. Assembly of Subsystem

3.4.1. Import subsystem

Import subsystem is a good choice, when you need build several same parts. This function would
save your time for modeling. Import the second subsystem to the first subsystem twice as shown in
Table 3-16 and Figure 3-17.

Step How to do
1 Select “Crank_main.dfsub” from the Working Window.
2 Click “Subsystem” button to import a Subsystem file.
3 Select “Piston_system.dfsub” file in the “Subsystem” document to import it.
Click “Apply & Restart” to restart the importing step. To import the “Piston_system”
4
again, repeat 2nd, 3rd steps.
Table 3-15 Importing steps of the subsystem file

Figure 3-17 Accessing “Import Subsystem"

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3.4.2. Object Control

① Subsystem Translate

This function is used to translate a selected entity with a given direction and magnitude. Modeling
steps would be shown in Table 3-17 and Figure 3-18. For selecting parts easily, it is a good choice
to hide those parts don’t use this time. All parts belong to “Crank_system” can be hidden this time.

Step How to do
1 Click “Object control transfer” button in the “Home” menu.
2 Select “-Z” as the “Direction”.
3 Key in “26” as the distance to transfer.
4 Pick “Subsystem_02” as the object to move.

5 Click “ ” button to transfer “Subsystem_02”. The translated subsystem is

shown as Figure 3-17.
Table 3-16 Step of transferring object

Figure 3-18 Working sketch

② Subsystem Rotate
This function is used to rotate a selected entity with a given direction and angle. Modeling steps
would be shown in Table 3-18 and Figure 3-19..

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Step How to do
1 Select the drop down button next to “Object Control” to open “Rotate Command”..
2 Select “-Z” as the “Direction”.
3 Select the design point of “Subsystem_2” as “Position” as shown in Figure 3-18.
3 Key in “70” as the angle to rotate.
4 Pick “Subsystem_02” as the object to move.

5 Click “ ” button to rotate “Subsystem_02”. The rotated subsystem is shown as

Figure 3-19.
Table 3-17 Step of rotating object

Figure 3-19 Working sketch

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3.4.3. Creation of Constraints

① Creation of Revolute Joint

There are 2 revolution joints, one is between subsystem01_connecting_rod and crank_shaft1,

another is between subsystem02_connecting_rod and crank_shaft1. Modeling steps would be
shown in Table 3-19 and Figure 3-20.

Step How to do
1 Pick "Crank_Shaft " to define the base body of revolute joint.
Pick “Subsystem_connecting_rod ” on the screen to define the action body of
2
revolute joint.
3 Pick the design point of each subsystem as the position.

4 Confirm “Z-axis” as the “0,0,-1” shown as “ in Figure 3-20

Table 3-18 Creation steps of the fixed joints

Figure 3-20 Creation of Revolute Joint

② Creation of Joint motion

Input the motion of fly wheel's revolute joint can define the rotate motion of the fly wheel. The
joint motion is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 3-20 and Figure 3-21.

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Step How to do
1 Open the "Property" of "RJ_01"
Select the combo box upper to the "Velocity" button to change the function type as
2
"Motion Function".
Select the combo box blow to the "Motion Function" button to change the Motion
3
type as "Velocity".
4 Key in "motion" as the name of function name.
5 Input the Function "STEP(TIME,0,0,0.1,6*PI)" at "Function Input" window.
6 Click "OK" button.
Table 3-19 Creation steps of the joint motion

Figure 3-21 Creation of joint motion

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3.4.4. Simulation

① Analysis system

The dynamics analysis can be carried out while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 3-20.

Step How to do
Click the drop-down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Set the “End time” as “1”.
3 Set the “Output step” as “100”
4 Input the “Result filename” and run the simulation.
Table 3-20 Creation steps of the fixed joints

② Post processing and effect analysis of velocity and torque

After the simulation is finished, the post processor automatically is opened. The translational
velocity of the slider body can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Table 3-21 and
Figure 3-22.

Step How to do
Pop-up the menu of “Create Plot” while clicking the right button of mouse on the
1
empty view and click “Create Plot” to create the plot view.
2 Select the result filename in the “Object Navigator”.
Select “/subsystem_01/VZ” from the objects. “/subsystem_01/VZ” is the velocity
3
(Z-axis) of translational joint of subsystem_01 (piston).
4 Select “Expression” in “Characteristic” window.
5 Select “Value” in “Component” window.
Click “Add Curve” in “Draw Curve” window. And then, the force is drawn in the
6
plot view.
Table 3-21 Steps for adding a curve

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Figure 3-22 Add the curve of velocity

We can see the time-velocity curve in detail as Figure 3-23.

Figure 3-23 Velocity of translational joint.

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In the other side, we also can check the torque of crank shaft generated by inertia moment while
practicing the operations in the Table 3-22.

Step How to do
Pop-up the menu of “Create Plot” while clicking the right button of mouse on the
1
empty view and click “Create Plot” to create the plot view.
2 Select the result filename in the “Object Navigator”.
3 Select “/RJ_01” from the objects. “/RJ_01” is the Revolute joint of crank shaft1.
4 Select “Torque_on_Action_Maker” in “Characteristic” window.
5 Select “Z” in “Component” window.
Click “Add Curve” in “Draw Curve” window. And then, the torque is drawn in the
6
plot view.
Table 3-22 Steps for adding a curve

Figure 3-24 Add the curve of crank shaft torque

We can check the time-torque curve in detail as Figure 3-25.

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Figure 3-25 Torque of revolute joint.

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Chapter 4 Mount Bush Modeling

Technique
4.1. Getting started

4.1.1. What do you learn

This chapter will introduce how to model a Mount Bush system and how to design the static and
dynamic characteristic coefficient of rubber material when we only know its experiment values as
shown in Table 4-1. To simulate the rubber material in actual, the characteristic coefficient of
rubber should be inputted into the computer, just like the Young's Modulus (E), Shear modulus (G)
and Poisson's ratio (\nu) of the steel, but unfortunately the characteristic coefficient of rubber is not
given. So we will find it in this chapter. First, there are two static characteristic coefficients of
rubber material C01 and C10 that should be adjusted again and again to make the analysis values
close to the experiment values as the first half of Table 4-1. In the next step, based on the static
characteristic coefficients, one dynamic characteristic coefficient the damping radio should be
found to make the analysis values close to the experiment values as latter half of Table 4-1.

• Table of detail design steps

Entities Description
Creation of motion function
Define Design Variables
Creation of force function
FE data import
Creation of NODESET
Create Body Creation of material
Property setting of FE body
Mesh file and CAD file import
Creation of translational joint
Create Constraints
Creation of fixed joint
Analysis system
Simulation for static
Post processing
solution
Effect analysis of the rubber in static
Remove the motion function
Find the dynamic motion Creation of translational scalar force
function Analysis of the maximum displacement
Disable scalar force and reset the motion function
Analysis system
Simulation for dynamic
Post processing
solution
Effect analysis of the rubber in dynamic

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Table 4-1 List of design step

• What is a rubber mount engine

Today, the rubber mount engine (as Figure 4-1) is widely used in different kinds of machinery
manufacturing. For example, a vehicle power train mounting system generally consists of a power
train (an engine and a gear box) and several mounts. The mounts have three principal functions:
vibration isolation, vibration control and power train support. In recent years, four cylinder and
transversely mounted front wheel-drive power train are widely used in car power train, which
makes the design of the mounts important in reducing the vibration induced by the engine or road.
As an important vibration isolation component widely used in vehicles, rubber engine mounts have
two functions; one is supporting the static load, the other is providing a dual damping mode passive
vibration isolator to control high-amplitude, low frequency road-induced vibrations and low
amplitude, high frequency engine-induced vibrations and improve the comfort in riding.
Conventional elastomeric mounts are rubber-to-metal bonded elements that are widely used for a
variety of industrial applications. The dynamic stiffness of an elastomeric mount is nearly invariant
with excitation amplitudes and frequencies over the concerned excitation range (1-250 Hz) .The
static and dynamic characteristics of engine mount directly influence the vibration isolation
performance of power train mounting systems (PMSs). Conventional rubber mounts are not only
popular used in vehicle PMSs but are also used in the vehicle cab mounting system, the wheel
suspension system and other mobile or stationary machines' mounting system. Prediction and
analysis of static and dynamic characteristic of a rubber mount are necessary in its design and
development

Figure 4-1 Simple rubber mount

• Description of model
The rubber mount is including four parts as shown in Figure 4-2. At first, the deep yellow cylinder

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is made of steel. Second, the green cylinder is made of Rubber. Third, the yellow cylinder is made
of steel. Last one, the center part of grey is made of steel.

Figure 4-2 The material composition of the rubber mount

4.1.2. Requirements

• Requirement packages
ANSYS Motion Pro
ANSYS Motion / STEP Translator

• Prerequisite knowledge
ANSYS Motion Post Processor Tutorial

• Technical terminologies

Term Description Unit

f Translational scalar force kg
k Elastic coefficient N/mm
d Displacement of bush mm
Table 4-2 Explain of Mechanical Formula

• Theory of model

k = f /d (Eq. 1)

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• Topology of model

No. Base Body Action Body Constraint type

1 Ground Outer Nodeset Fixed Joint
1 Inner Nodeset BD_001 Fixed Joint
2 Ground BD_001 Translational Joint
Table 4-3 List of Constraints in the multi-body model

4.1.3. Simulation goal

The first simulation goal is to find the static characteristic coefficient values of C01 and C10.
This simulation will investigate the effects of characteristic coefficient of rubber material C01 and
C10 on the characteristic curve. Adjust the two values to make the analysis values close to the
experiment values as Table 4-4 and Figure 4-3.

Contents Entity
Performance The load in the same deformation of the rubber.
Design parameters characteristic coefficient of rubber material C01 and C10
Table 4-4 Design problem

Figure 4-3 Deformation with Load diagram

The second simulation goal is to find the dynamic characteristic coefficient value of damping
radio. This simulation will investigate the effects of characteristic coefficient of rubber materials
damping radio on the characteristic values and curve. Adjust the two values to make the analysis
values close to the experiment values as Table 4-5 and Figure 4-4. The second simulation is based
on the first simulation.

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Figure 4-4 dynamic elastic coefficients with frequency diagram

Contents Entity
The elastic coefficient is changed even if under the same
Performance
frequency, if damping radio be changed.
Design parameters Characteristic coefficient of rubber of damping radio..
Table 4-5 Design problem

We find the characteristic values as table 4-6.

Point HZ K Damping radio

1 0 4074.75 wanted
2 10 5630 wanted
3 40 5638 wanted
4 70 5648 wanted
5 100 5650 wanted
Table 4-6 Characteristic values of experiment

The goal is to find the damping radio to make the elastic coefficients K have the same values

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4.2. Build model

4.2.1. Define Design Variables

① Creation of motion function

There is one motion function to be created, named "motion function", it is created to define the
motion. It will be use for the static analysis We create the motion first and then we import it to the
translational joint. The joint motion is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 4-7
and Figures 4-5.

Step How to do
1 Click “Function Expression” from the sub-entity window.
2 Key in “motion” in the "Name" diagram.
3 Input the Function "STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)" at "Function Input" window.
4 Click “ ” to save function expression
Table 4-7 Creation steps of the function

② Creation of force function

There is one force function be created, named "FN_001", it be created to define the values of the
force. It will be use for the dynamic analysis. We create the function first and then we import it to
the translational scalar force. The force function is created while practicing the modeling steps in
the Table 4-8.

Step How to do
1 In the “Function Expression” window, select a blank line to create a new function.
2 Key in “FN_001” in the "Name" diagram.
3 Input the Function “1135” at "Function Input" window.
4 Click “ ” to save function expression
Table 4-8 Creation steps of the function

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Figure 4-5 Creation of the functions

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4.2.2. Create Body

① FE data import

First, the New Mesh file can be created as shown in Tutorial Chapter [Link], the FE date file can
be imported while practicing the creation steps in the Tables 4-9 and Figures 4-6.

Step How to do
Copy and extract “Example Manual [Link]” file from “ANSYS installed
1
path\Motion\Document\” to user directory.
2 Create a New Mesh file.
3 Click “FEBody” button from the “Body” Tab in ribbon menu to import a FE file.
4 Select “Bushing_Final.dat” file in the “\Example Manual Models\” folder to open.
Table 4-9 Importing steps to FE file

Figure 4-6 “Select data File” diagram

② Creation of Nodeset

The constraints, force can't be created in FE Body without Nodeset. The Nodest can be created
while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 4-10, 4-11 and Figures 4-7, 4-8. First, the inner
node will be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 4-10 and Figures 4-7.

Step How to do
Click “Nodeset” button from the “FE Body” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation diagram of the Nodest.
2 Click “Addition” button to select the nodes by many times.

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3 Select the inner face of the bush as Figure 4-7 and click “OK” to finish it.
Table 4-10 Creation steps of the inner Nodeset

Figure 4-7 “Create Nodeset” diagram

Second, the outer node will be create while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 4-11 and
Figures 4-8.

Step How to do
Click “Nodeset” button from the “FE Body” category in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation diagram of the Nodest.
Click “Addition” button to select the nodes by many times and click "circle
2
selection" button to pick the nodes by circle is more quickly.
3 Select the outer face of bush as Figure 4-8 and click “OK” to finish it.
Table 4-11 Creation steps of the outer Nodeset

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Figure 4-8 “Create Nodeset” diagram

③ Creation of Material

There’re two kinds of materials to be created, one is steel and another one is rubber. The materials
are created while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 4-12, 4-13 and Figures 4-9, 4-10.

Step How to do
1 Select “Material” from the sub-entity window.
Select the line which you want to modification to activate the property diagram of
2
the material.
3 Key in “steel” in the "name" diagram and click “ ” to finish it.
Table 4-12 Creation steps of the material steel

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Figure 4-9 “Create material of steel” diagram

Step How to do
Select the line which you want to modification to activate the property diagram and
1
set the “Material Type” as “Hyper Elastic”.
2 Set the “Model Type” as “MOONEY-RIVLIN”.
3 Key in “rubber_MR” in the "name" diagram.
4 Input 0.0001 in the "Damping Ratio" window.
Input 1 in the "C10" window. This value will changed in the last step of this chapter
5
to achieve the experiment values of the actual.
Input 1 in the "C01" window. This value will changed in the last step of this chapter
6
to achieve the experiment values of the actual.
7 Input 0.1 in the "D" window.
Table 4-13 Creation steps of the material rubber

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Figure 4-10 “Create material of rubber” diagram

④ Property setting of FE Body

The Material is settled while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 4-14 and Figure 4-11.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of “Flexible Body”.
2 Click “Property” button to activate the "Property List" diagram.
Set the “PSOLID_001” as “steel”, set the “PSOLID_002” as “rubber” and set the
3
“PSOLID_003” as “steel”,
Table 4-14 Setting steps of the material properties

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Figure 4-11 “Set properties for FE Body” diagram

⑤ Mesh and Cad File Import

Use Cad import function to import the model that we made and FE Body import system to import
FE Body into ANSYS Motion Preprocessor while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 4-15.

Step How to do
1 Create a new Subsystem.
Click “CAD” button to import the “[Link]” file in the “\Example Manual
2
Models\” folder and modify its “Mass” as “0.2”.
Click “FE Body” button to import the mesh file “[Link]” that we made
3
before.
Table 4-15 Importing step to FE Body and Rigid Body

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4.2.3. Create constraints

① Creation of translational joint

One translational joint is created to connect between Ground and BD_001 while practicing the
modeling steps in the Tables 4-16 and Figures 4-12.

Step How to do
Click “Translational” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation dialog of the translational joint.
2 Pick “Ground” to define the base body.
3 Pick “BD_001” on the screen to define the action body.
Click “Multi Point Center ” to pick the center point of the two circle as shown in
4
the Figure 4-12 as the “Position”.
5 Select "+Z" to as the direction.
Table 4-16 Creation steps of the translational joints

Figure 4-12 “Pick the position” diagram

Import the motion function to the translational joint as shown in the Table 4-17 and Figures 4-13.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of the translational joint.
Select the combo box of Type window to change the function type as “Motion
2
Function”.
3 Make sure “Displacement” is selected for “Motion Type”.
4 Double-click “motion” in the “Function List” to select it as “Motion Function”.
5 Click “OK” button.
Table 4-17 Applying steps of the joint motion

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Figure 4-13 Apply the joint motion

② Creation of fixed joint

Two fixed joints are created to connect between Ground and Outer FE Body, Inner FE Body and
BD_001 while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 4-18.

Step How to do
Click “Fixed” from the “Joint” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation diagram
1
of the fixed joint.
2 Pick “BD_001” on the screen to define the base body of the fixed joint.
3 Pick “NODESET_001” on the screen to define the action body of the fixed joint.
Pick the position point as same as translational joint position point in Table 4-16 and
4
Figure 4-12.
Click “Apply & Restart” to restart the creation operation of fixed joint. To create the
5 second fixed joint, repeat 2nd, 3rd, 4th steps. In the 2nd and 3rd steps, pick “Ground”
and “NODESET_002” to define the base and action bodies of the second fixed joint.
Table 4-18 Creation steps of the fixed joints

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4.2.4. Simulation for static solution

① Analysis system

The dynamics analysis can be carried out while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 4-19.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Input "0.01"in the “end time " window.
3 Change the file name as "result1" and run the simulation
Table 4-19 Setting steps for simulation

② Post processing

After the simulation is finished, the post processor will open automatically. The displacement
with load curve can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Tables 4-20 and Figures 4-14,
4-15.

Step How to do
1 Play the animation and check that whether the rubber part has a normal deformation.
Pop-up the menu of “Create Plot” while clicking the right button of mouse on the
2
empty view and click “Create Plot” to create the plot view.
3 Select the result filename in the object navigator.
4 Check on “User Define”.
5 Select “motion” from the objects. “motion” is the static motion function.
6 Select “Expression” in “Characteristic” window.
Select “Value” in “Component” window. Until this step the setting steps for x-axis is
7
finished.
8 Select “fix_inner” from the objects. “fix_inner” is the inner plane of the mount.
9 Select “Force_on_Action_Marker” in “Characteristic” window.
Select “Z” in “Component” window. Until this step the setting steps for y-axis is
10
finished.
Click “Add Curve” in “Draw Curve” window. And then, the force is drawn in the
11
plot view.
Table 4-20 Steps for creating a plot view

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Figure 4-14 Setting steps for x-axis

Figure 4-15 Setting steps for y-axis

③ Effect analysis of the rubber in static

It is possible to investigate the effect of the two characteristic coefficients of rubber material C01,
C10 on the force/displacement diagram while practicing the modeling steps in the Tables 4-21 and
Figures 4-16. As the coefficients of rubber material C01, C10 are changed in the Mesh file, the
simulation will change when the simulation run again.

Step How to do
Click "Mesh1" to Modifying the coefficient of rubber material C01, C10 in the mesh
1
file.
2 Select “Material” from the sub-entity menu.
3 Click "rubber_MR" button to modifying the coefficient of rubber.
4 Input the new value in the C10, C01 window.
5 Click “OK” to finish the modifing of rubber.
6 Change the result file name as "result x (number of group)" and run the simulation.

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Table 4-21 Steps for modifying the coefficient of rubber material C01, C10

Figure 4-16 Modifying the coefficient of rubber material C01, C10

First we will create 4 group of characteristic coefficients of rubber material C01 and C10 to make
sure the two date can cause what effect to the curve respectively as Table 4-22.

Group C10 C01

2 2 1
3 0.5 1
4 1 2
5 1 0.5
Table 4-22 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

After the simulation being calculated do the operate as 5.2.4 section2. Four diagram of post
processing will be obtained as Figures 4-17.

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Figure 4-17 Displacement/Load curve of each group

Compare group 1 with group 2 and group 3 to find the effect of characteristic coefficient of rubber
material C10. First we put curve of group1, curve of group2 and curve of group3 in one diagram as
Figure 4-18.

Figure 4-18 Compare group 1 with group 2 and group 3 diagram

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The relationship between color and group are shown as Table 4-23.

Group Color C10 C01

1 1 1
2 2 1
3 0.5 1
Table 4-23 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

We can notice that if C10 is increased, the curve will grow up, if C10 is reduced, the curve will go
down. In the same way we compare group 1 with group 4 and group 5 to find the effect of
characteristic coefficient of rubber material C01. First, put all the curve into one diagram to find the
relationships as Figure 4-19.

Figure 4-19 Compare group 1 with group 4 and group 5 diagram

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 4-24.

Group Color C10 C01

1 1 1
4 1 2
5 1 0.5
Table 4-24 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

We can notice that if C01 is increased, the curve will grow up, if C01 is reduced, the curve will
go down. Now, we already knew the effects of C10 and C01 on the curve, so the next step we will
make sure which effect is bigger and how to modify the values to make it close to the experiment
values. Put all the curve in one diagram as Figure 4-20.

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Figure 4-20 Compare with all the group

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 4-25.

Group Color C10 C01

1 1 1
2 2 1
3 0.5 1
4 1 2
5 1 0.5
Experiment wanted wanted
Table 4-25 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

There are two stages that can be divided, at the first stage, the curve rises linearly, at the second
stage, the curve rises nonlinearly. It is worth noticing that group 2 and group 4, group 3 and group 5
almost have the same curve. So the C10 and C01 almost have the same effect to the curve. Increase
C01 and C10 with the same amount, and group 2 and group 4 curve are almost the same at the first
stage and group 4 grows up much more in the second stage. Reduce C01 and C10 with the same
amount, and group 3 and group 5 curve almost have the same at the first stage and group 5 goes
down much more in the second stage. So the C01 has a slightly higher sensitivity. Curve of group 5
is the nearest one to the experiment curve. So we chose group 5 as the basic group to modify. Two
new groups are created to approach the experiment value. Reduce C10 10% each time and keep
C01 constant as Table 4-26. Then we get two new curves diagram as Figure 4-21. The relationships
between color and group are shown as Table 4-27.

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Group C10 C01

6 0.9 0.5
7 0.8 0.5
Table 4-26 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Figure 4-21 Compare group6, group 7 with group 5 and experiment curve diagram

Group Color C10 C01

Experiment wanted wanted
6 0.9 0.5
7 0.8 0.5
Table 4-27 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

We can see group 7 are almost as same as the experiment curve diagram at the first stage, but at
second stage it is a little bigger than the experiment curve. So we reduce C01 10% to make the
second stage close to the experiment curve as Table 4-28. Then we get a new curve diagram as
Figure 4-22.

Group C10 C01

8 0.8 0.4
Table 4-28 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

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Figure 4-22 Compare group8 with group 6, group 7 and experiment curve diagram

Group Color C10 C01

Experiment wanted wanted
6 0.9 0.5
7 0.8 0.5
8 0.8 0.4
Table 4-29 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Curve of group 8 is almost as same as the experiment curve, so C10=0.8 and C01=0.4 are the
coefficients that we want.

④ Calculation of the elastic coefficient

To find out the dynamic characteristic coefficient we need to calculate the elastic coefficient K of
the material. Read the values as Table 4-30 and Figure 4-23, and then we can calculate the elastic
coefficient K of rubber. Open the result file of group 8 at first.

Step How to do
1 Click "Curve Edit Toolbar" button to curve edit window.
2 Select “Tracking curve” window to check the values of x-axis and y-axis.
3 Select "2" up to the x-axis to read the values at 2 x-axis.
Table 4-30 Steps for read the values on the curve

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Figure 4-23 Read the values of force and displacement

We can read the values in the read wireframe. F=16299N, D=2mm. So the elastic coefficient
K=16299/2=8149.5N/MM.

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4.2.5. Find the dynamic motion function

① Remove the motion function

Remove the motion function to avoid the effect of motion while practicing the modeling steps in
the Table 4-31.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of the translational joint.
Select the inverted triangle button in the Type window to change the function type as
2
“None”.
Table 4-31 Steps for remove the motion function

② Creation of translational scalar force

The Translational Scalar force is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 4-32 and
Figure 4-24.

Step How to do
Click “Translational Scalar” button from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open
1
the creation diagram of the translational scalar force.
2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the translational scalar force.
Pick “BD_001” on the screen to define the action body of the translational scalar
3
force.
Select the coordinate of “BD_001” to pick the base point, and modify the value of
4
“Z” as “-10”.
Select the coordinate of “BD_001” to pick the action point, and modify the value of
5
“Z” as “-20”.
Table 4-32 Creation steps of the translational scalar force

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Figure 4-24 creation of translational scalar force

The force function is imported while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 4-33 and Figure
4-25.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of the translational scalar force.
2 Double-click “FN_001” in the “Function List” to select it.
3 Click “OK” button.
Table 4-33 Applying steps of the scalar force

Figure 4-25 Apply force function to the translational scalar force

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③ Analysis of the maximum displacement

The dynamics analysis can be carried out while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 4-34.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Input "0.005"in the “end time " window.
3 Change the file name as "Test" and run the simulation
Table 4-34 Setting steps for simulation

After the simulation is finished, the post processor will open automatically. The displacement
caused by translational scalar force can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Tables
4-35.

Step How to do
1 Play the animation and check that whether the rubber part has a normal deformation.
Pop-up the menu of “Create Plot” while clicking the right button of mouse on the
2
empty view and click “Create Plot” to create the plot view.
3 Select the result filename in the object navigator.
4 Select “BD_001” from the objects. “BD_001” is the dynamic subject.
5 Select “Position” in “Characteristic” window.
6 Select “Z” in “Component” window.
Table 4-35 Steps for creating a plot view

Then, we can find the maximum displacement caused by the translational scalar force as Figure
4-26.

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Figure 4-26 Find the maximum displacement diagram

Put the maximum displacement 0.225 to the new created motion function "maximum
displacement +0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)" to make sure the vibration position in the next step.

④ Disable Scalar Force and reset the Motion Function

Disable the translational scalar force while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 4-36. Then
create the motion first and import to the translational joint.

Step How to do
1 Click “TSCALAR” with left mouse button to activate the “Property "window.
2 Click “Disable” button to disable the translational scalar force.
Table 4-36 Disable steps for translational scalar force

There are two motion function that be created as shown in Table 4-37.

Function Name Expression

1 motion_dynamic 0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
2 dz 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
Table 4-37 Function detail

The first motion function means the vibration concentrate in the +0.225mm from the center, the
amplitude is 0.51mm and the vibration frequency is 10HZ. The second function is created to make
sure the pure displacement.

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Import the "Motion dynamic" to the translational joint while practicing the modeling steps in the
Table 4-38 and Figure 4-27.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of the translational joint.
2 Make sure “Motion Function” is selected for “Function Type”.
3 Make sure “Displacement” is selected for “Motion Type”.
Double-click “motion_dynamic” in the “Function List” to select it as “Motion
4
Function”.
5 Click “OK” button.
Table 4-38 Importing steps of the joint motion

Figure 4-27 Import the Joint motion

Noticed that, to check the effect of damping ratio at a static damping ratio condition, we should
change the damping radio as "1" in the mesh file.

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4.2.6. Simulation for dynamic solution

① Analysis system

Run the simulation again to find the dynamic coefficient. In addition, the file name of the result
should be different with static result file to avoid the recovery of the static result. Simulation can be
settled as Table 4-39.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Input "0.05"in the “end time " window.
3 Change the file name as " group1_10HZ " and run the simulation
Table 4-39 Setting steps for simulation

② Post processing

After the simulation is finished, the post processor will open automatically. The displacement
with load curve can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Tables 4-40 and Figures 4-28.

Step How to do
1 Play the animation and check that whether the rubber part has a normal deformation.
Pop-up the menu of “Create Plot” while clicking the right button of mouse on the
2
empty view and click “Create Plot” to create the plot view.
3 Select the result filename in the object navigator.
4 Check on “User Define”.
5 Select “dz” from the objects. “dz” is the dynamic motion function.
6 Select “Expression” in “Characteristic” window.
7 Select “Value” in “Component” window.
8 Select “fix_inner” from the objects.
9 Select “Force_on_Action_Marker” in “Characteristic” window.
10 Select “Z” in “Component” window.
Click “Add Curve” in “Draw Curve” window. And then, the force is drawn in the
11
plot view. The
Table 4-40 Steps for creating a plot view

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Figure 4-28 Adding a curve in the plot view

③ Effect analysis of the rubber in dynamic

We can read the values at displacement=0.5 as Table 4-29 and Figure 4-41.

Step How to do
1 Click "Curve Edit Toolbar" button to curve edit window.
2 Select “Tracking curve” window to check the values of x-axis and y-axis.
3 Select "0.5" up to the x-axis to read the values at 0.5 x-axis.
Table 4-41 Steps for read the values on the curve

Figure 4-29 Read the values of force and displacement

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The first group of values has been found at displacement=0.5mm as load=25746N

It is possible to investigate the effect of the characteristic coefficient of rubber material of

damping radio. There are two step to do. ①First step, change the motion function to check the
force/displacement diagram in different vibration frequency and ②read the value at displacement=
0.5mm. Create 5 kind of frequency to acquire the values in dynamic situation as Table 4-42.

Damping Values of
Group Motion function End time
radio frequency
0 HZ 0.01s
Motion：
1
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

10 HZ 0.05s
Motion dynamic：
1
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
40 HZ 0.0125s
Motion dynamic：
1 1
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
70 HZ 0.00714s
Motion dynamic：
1
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
100 HZ 0.005s
Motion dynamic：
1
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 4-42 Values of group1

The motion function can be changed while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 4-43 and
Figure 4-30. Noticed that we should modify the “motion dynamic” and “dz” in the same time.

Step How to do
1 Click “f(x)” from the Window category to open the creation diagram of the Material
2 Select the "motion dynamic" to activate the property diagram of the function.
Change the function "0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)" as
3 "0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)", it means change the frequency from 10HZ to
40HZ.
4 Click “OK” to finish the modify of "motion dynamic".
Repeat 2nd, 3rd, 4thsteps to modify the function "dz". In the 2nd step select the "dz" to
5
activate the property diagram of the function and in 3rd steps, Change the function

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"0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)" as "0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)", Click “OK” to finish

the modify of motion function.
Table 4-43 Modify steps of the motion function

Figure 4-30 Modifying of the motion function

Then change the “end time” as Table 4-42, run the simulation and plot the curve. Four curves of
each frequency will be obtained as Figure 4-31.

Figure 4-31 The curve diagram of group 1 from 10HZ to 100HZ

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 4-44.

NO. Color Damping radio Frequency(HZ)

1 1 10
2 1 40
3 1 70
4 1 100

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Table 4-44 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm.

Figure 4-32 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm

Then, we read the values in the upper and lower two points at displacement=0.2mm.

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Figure 4-33 Read the values of the curve at 0.2 mm

Now, we can calculate the values of K. At 0 HZ, K is the static coefficient as shown in page 89 as
“8149.5N/mm”. From 10HZ to 100HZ, calculate the elastic coefficient values as the following
equation. (NOTE：All the number be wrote in the Figure is absolute value, before calculate please
check the symbol )

(P 2upper + P 2lower )
K = [P 1upper − ]/ 0.3 (Eq. 1)
2

K_10HZ=[25746-(93816-85087)/2]/0.3=71271.
K_40HZ=[86358-(369256-355429)/2]/0.3=264815.
K_70HZ=[138489-(667123-618530)/2]/0.3=380642.
K_100HZ=[194681-(949186-884198)/2]/0.3=540623.
We get a new group of date as shown in Table 5-45

Damping Values of
Group Elastic coefficient K
radio frequency
1 0 HZ 8149.5
1 10 HZ 71271
1 1 40 HZ 264815
1 70 HZ 380642
1 100 HZ 540623

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Table 4-45 Values of group 1

Now, we plot a new curve about frequency HZ to elastic coefficient K. The HZ-K plot can be
created by the "Spline" function or we can plot it in Excel.

Compare the curve group 1 with curve experiment as Figure 4-34, the values of curve group 1 is
much bigger than the curve experiment, so we create 2 more group as Table 4-46 to find the effect
of the damping radio.

Figure 4-34 Compare group 1 with group experiment

Group Damping radio

2 0.0001
3 0.00001
Table 4-46 Values of group 2 and group 3

There are two groups of date that have been calculated as Tables 4-47, 4-48. Before the function
is modified, rewrite the damping radio at the mesh file at first.

Damping Values of
Group Motion function End time
radio frequency
0 HZ 0.01s
Motion：
2 0.0001
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

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10 HZ 0.05s
Motion dynamic：
0.0001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
40 HZ 0.0125s
Motion dynamic：
0.0001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
70 HZ 0.00714s
Motion dynamic：
0.0001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
100 HZ 0.005s
Motion dynamic：
0.0001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 4-47 Values of group 2

Dampin Values of
Group Motion function End time
g radio frequency
0 HZ 0.01s
Motion：
0.00001
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

10 HZ 0.05s
Motion dynamic：
0.00001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
40 HZ 0.0125s
Motion dynamic：
3 0.00001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
70 HZ 0.00714s
Motion dynamic：
0.00001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
100 HZ 0.005s
Motion dynamic：
0.00001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 4-48 Values of group 3

After the simulation is finished, the post processor will open automatically. There are two groups

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of curve Figures 4-35 and 4-36 that are plotted.

Figure 4-35 The curve diagram of group 2 from 10HZ to 100HZ

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 4-49.

Curve Color Damping radio Frequency(HZ)

1 0.0001 10
2 0.0001 40
3 0.0001 70
4 0.0001 100
Table 4-49 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

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Figure 4-36 The curve diagram of group 3 from 10HZ to 100HZ

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 4-50.

Curve Color Damping radio Frequency(HZ)

1 0.00001 10
2 0.00001 40
3 0.00001 70
4 0.00001 100
Table 4-50 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm.

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Figure 4-37 Read the values of the curve group 2 at 0.5mm

Figure 4-38 Read the values of the curve group 2 at 0.2mm

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Figure 4-39 Read the values of the curve group 3 at 0.5mm

Figure 4-40 Read the values of the curve group 3 at 0.2mm

Then, calculate the values as we do before. There are two more groups of date that have been
calculated as shown in Table 4-51 and 4-52.

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Damping Values of
Group Elastic coefficient K
radio frequency
0.0001 0 HZ 8149.5
0.0001 10 HZ 7703
2 0.0001 40 HZ 7732
0.0001 70 HZ 7770
0.0001 100 HZ 7788
Table 4-51 Values of group 2

Damping Values of
Group Elastic coefficient K
radio frequency
0.00001 0 HZ 8149.5
0.00001 10 HZ 7638
3 0.00001 40 HZ 7690
0.00001 70 HZ 7653
0.00001 100 HZ 7730
Table 4-52 Values of group 3

Create the plot as Figure 4-41 to compare group 2, group3 with and experiment curve.(Group1 is
too big to compare.)

Figure 4-41 Compare group 2, group3 with experiment curve

The curve goes down with the decrease of the damping radio, and damping radio=0.0001 is lower
than the experiment curve, damping radio=0.00001 is much lower than the experiment curve, so the
experiment damping radio should be bigger than 0.0001, create a group of date that damping ratio

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is 0.001. Repeat the steps to change the motion function. There is one group of date that has been
calculated as Table 4-53.

Damping Values of
Group Motion function End time
radio frequency
0 HZ 0.01s
Motion：
0.001
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

10 HZ 0.05s
Motion dynamic：
0.001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
40 HZ 0.0125s
Motion dynamic：
4 0.001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
70 HZ 0.00714s
Motion dynamic：
0.001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
100 HZ 0.005s
Motion dynamic：
0.001
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 4-53 Values of group 4

Do the step as we do in group 2 and group 3. One more figure are created as Figure 4-42

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Figure 4-42 The curve diagram of group 1 from 10HZ to 100HZ

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 4-54.

Curve Color Damping radio Frequency(HZ)

1 0.001 10
2 0.001 40
3 0.001 70
4 0.001 100
Table 4-54 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and displacement=0.2mm.

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Figure 4-43 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm

Figure 4-44 Read the values of the curve at 0.2 mm

There is one more group of date that have been calculated as shown in Table 4-55.

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Damping Values of
Group Elastic coefficient K
radio frequency
0.001 0 HZ 8149.5
0.001 10 HZ 7753
4 0.001 40 HZ 8248
0.001 70 HZ 8381
0.001 100 HZ 8781
Table 4-55 Values of group 4

Create the plot 1 to compare group 4 with group3, group 2 and experiment curve as shown in
Figure 4-45

Figure 4-45 Compare group 4 with group3, group 2 and experiment curve

Curve of group 4 is almost as same as the experiment curve so damping radio 0.001 is the
coefficient that we want.

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Chapter 5 Mount Bush Modeling with

Bushing Force
5.1. Getting started

5.1.1. What do you learn

This chapter will introduce how to model a Mount Bush system with Bushing Force instead of
using FEBody step by step as shown in Table 5-1. We have already get the date of two static
characteristic coefficients of rubber material C01 and C10 and a dynamic characteristic coefficients
of damping ratio in chapter 5. In this chapter we will remodel the mount bush with “Bushing Force”
function instead of divide the mount into small fragments. It will save a lot of time for the users and
it is easier than use FEBody. There are only very small differences between two results. So in the
actual, we don’t need bother to use the FEBody every times.

• Table of detail design steps

Entities Description
CAD file import and change the body name
Create Body
Disable the useless parts
Replace the fix outer joint from FEBODY to the new
Modify the Constraints body.
Modify the Joint motion.
Create spline of x direction.
Create Spline
Create spline of yz direction.
Creation of Bushing
Creation of bushing force
Force
Analysis system
Simulation for static Post processing
solution
Comparison of the bushing force and rubber material of
static
Analysis system
Simulation for dynamic Post processing
solution Comparison of the bushing force and rubber material of
dynamic
Table 5-1 List of design step

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• What is Bushing Force

Bushing Force in ANSYS Motion is used to model a relative translational or rotational force
between two bodies with stiffness and damping as Figure 5-1. User can model a joint by a bushing
by giving high stiffness or constrained direction and zero or low stiffness for free direction. The
free or low stiffness direction must be the Z-axis of bushing markers.

Figure 5-1 Busing Force

• Description of model
The rubber mount model in this chapter is including two parts as shown in Figure 5-2. It has a
rigid inner body a rigid outer body. The inner body is connected with outer body by translational
joint and outer body connected with ground by fixed joint. Actually the constrains needn’t be create
once again. We can use the model of Chapter5 and modify it.

Figure 5-2 Detail of mount bush

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5.1.2. Requirements

• Requirement packages
ANSYS Motion Pro
ANSYS Motion / STEP Translator

• Prerequisite knowledge
ANSYS Motion Post Processor Tutorial

• Technical terminologies

Term Description Unit

f Translational scalar force kg
k Elastic coefficient N/mm
d Displacement of bush mm
Table 5-2 Explain of Mechanical Formula

• Theory of model

k = f /d (Eq. 1)

• Topology of model

No. Base Body Action Body Constraint type

1 Ground Outer Circle Fixed Joint
2 Outer Circle inner Circle Translational Joint
Table 5-3 List of Constraints in the multi-body model

5.1.3. Simulation goal

The simulation goal in this chapter is to verify whether the curve diagram remodeled by bushing
force is consistent with the curve diagram that made in chapter 5 as Figure 5-3(static characteristic
curve) and Figure 5-4 (dynamic characteristic curve).

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Figure 5-3 Static characteristic curve

Figure 5-4 Dynamic characteristic curve

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5.2. Build model

5.2.1. Create Body

① CAD File Import and Change Body name

At first open the subsystem file that we made in chapter 5 and build the new model based on the
old model so that we can reduce some unnecessary operations.

Step How to do
Copy and extract “Example Manual [Link]” file from “ANSYS installed
1
path\Motion\Document\” to user directory.
2 Open the subsystem file that we made in chapter 5.
Click “CAD” button to import the “[Link]” file in the “\Example Manual
3
Models\” folder.
4 Rename each part as “BD_inner” and “BD_outer” as Figure 5-5.
Set the “Mass” of “BD_outer” as “0.3392091”. This step is to make the mass of rigid
5
body as same as FEBody.
Table 5-4 Importing steps to FE file

Figure 5-5 The name of each part

② Disable the useless parts

Disable the FEBody as we use a rigid body to instead of it, and disable the fix_inner joint as the
FEbody be disabled. The useless parts will be disabled while practicing the modeling steps in the

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Table 5-5 and Figure 5-6.

Step How to do
Click “FE Body” button with left mouse button and click “Disable” button to disable
1
the FE Body.
2 Click “Hide” button to hide the FEBody in the view as shown in Figure 5-6.
Disable the fixed joint of “fix_inner” (the fixed joint connect BD_inner and the inner
3
NOODSET) and hide it.
Table 5-5 Disable steps of the useless part

Figure 5-6 “The disabled FEBody” diagram

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5.2.2. Modify the constraints

① Replace the Fix_Outter Joint from FEbody to the new body

Transform the joint from the outer NOODSET we have made in chapter5 to the new body. We do
not need to create the joint twice. The joint can be replaced while practicing the modeling steps in
the Table 5-6 and Figure 5-7.

Step How to do
1 Open the “property” of outer fixed joint.
Click the “ ” button of “Parent Body of Action Marker” and pick the “BD_outer”
2
as the action body.
Click the “ ” button of “Position”, and define the position as the center point of the
3
two high light circles.
Table 5-6 Creation steps of the material steel

Figure 5-7 “Create material of steel” diagram

② Modify the joint motion

The next step is to import the “motion” function to the translational joint again as shown in the
Table 5-7 and Figures 5-8.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of the translational joint.
Select the combo box of Type window to change the function type as “Motion
2
Function”.
3 Make sure “Displacement” is selected for “Motion Type”.

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4 Double-click “motion” in the “Function List” to select it as “Motion Function”.

5 Click “OK” button.
Table 5-7 Importing steps of the joint motion

Figure 5-8 Import the Joint motion

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5.2.3. Create Spline

Before creating the Bushing Force, Spline should be created because the values of spring
coefficient K are not constant for each direction.

① Create Spline of x direction

The Spline of X direction can be created by the "Spline" function while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 5-8 and Figure 5-9.

Step How to do
Click “Spline” from the sub-entity window to open the creation diagram of the
1
Spline.
Select the line that you want to modification to activate the property diagram of the
2
spline.
3 Key in “Kspline_x” in the "Name" diagram.
4 Input (0, 2, 3, 4) in "X-date". Input (0, 5000000, 7500000, 10000000) in "Y-date."
Table 5-8 Creation steps of the Spline in X direction

Figure 5-9 Creation of the Spline in X direction

② Create Spline of yz direction

At first open the result 8 that we made in Chapter 5, then, export the numerical date as shown in
Table 5-9 and Figure 5-10.
.
Step How to do
1 Click “File” button from the quick access menu to select Export button.
2 Select the “Export” button to activity “Numeric date”.
3 Click “Numeric date” button to export the date file
4 Select “TEXT (*txt)” in “file type” window.
5 Input the file name that you want.

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Table 5-9 Export steps of the numeric date

Figure 5-10 Export steps of the numeric date

Next step is copy the numerical date in txt file as shown in Table 5-10.

Step How to do
1 Open the txt file that we made.
2 Select the date values from the second row to the end.
3 Click in blue part with left mouse button and click “copy”.
Table 5-10 Copy the numeric date

The Spline of YZ direction can be created by the "Spline" function while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 5-11 and Figure 5-11.

Step How to do
Click “Spline” from the Window category to open the creation diagram of the
1
Spline.
Select the line that you want to modification to activate the property diagram of the
2
spine.
3 Key in “Kspline_yz” in the "Name" diagram.
4 Click on the blank in the top left side and press “Ctrl”+”V”.
Table 5-11 Creation steps of the Spline in YZ direction

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Figure 5-11 Creation of the Spline in YZ direction

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5.2.4. Create Bushing Force

The Bushing force is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 5-12.

Step How to do
Click “Bushing” button from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation diagram of the bushing force.
2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the Spring force.
3 Pick “BD_inner” on the screen to define the action body of the Spring force.
4 Select the “Position” as same as Figure 5-7.
Table 5-12 Creation steps of the bushing force

Then set the property of bushing force while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 5-13 and
Figure 5-12.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of Bushing Force.
2 Select “δ-FSpline” as the K’s type.
3 Select button to choose a spline.
4 Click “Kspline_x” to import the spline.
5 Import “Kspline_yz” for “Y-Axis”.
6 Import “Kspline_yz” for “Z-Axis”.
7 Click the blank behind the button to input the value as “1” for “X-Axis”.
8 Repeat step 7 and input the value as “0.001” for “Y-Axis”.
9 Repeat step 7 and input the value as “0.001” for “Z-Axis”.
Table 5-13 Setting steps of the bushing force

Figure 5-12 “Bushing Force property” diagram

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5.2.5. Simulation for static solution

① Analysis system

The static analysis can be carried out while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 5-14.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Input "0.01"in the “end time " window.
3 Change the file name as "result1_BF" and run the simulation
Table 5-14 Setting steps for simulation

② Post processing

After the simulation is finished, the post processor will open automatically. The displacement
with load curve can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Tables 5-15 and Figures 5-13.

Step How to do
1 Play the animation and check that whether the rubber part has a normal deformation.
Do the operations that we do in Chapter 5, Table 5-20, from step 2 to step 7. These
2
steps are the setting steps for X-axis.
3 Select “GR_shaft” (TJ_01) from the objects.
4 Select “Force_on_Action_Marker” in “Characteristic” window.
5 Select “Z” in “Component” window.
Click “Add Curve” in “Draw Curve” window. And then, the force is drawn in the
6
plot view.
Table 5-15 Steps for creating a plot view

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Figure 5-13 Adding a curve in the plot view

③ Comparison of the bushing force and rubber material of static

Compare the result that we made by “Bushing Force” with the result 8 that we made in chapter5
as Figure 5-14 and Table 5-16. We can see that they are almost the same. So using “Bushing Force”
to instead of FEBody is entirely feasible.

Figure 5-14 Modifying the coefficient of rubber material C01, C10

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Group Color
Result8
Result of bushing force
Table 5-16 Comparison with rubber material

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5.2.6. Simulation for dynamic solution

① Reset the motion function

Import the "Motion dynamic" to the translational joint while practicing the modeling steps in the
Table 5-17 and Figure 5-15.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of the translational joint.
2 Make sure “Motion Function” is selected for “Function Type”.
3 Make sure “Displacement” is selected for “Motion Type”.
Double-click “motion_dynamic” in the “Function List” to select it as “Motion
4
Function”.
5 Click “OK” button.
Table 5-17 Applying steps of the joint motion

Figure 5-15 Apply the Joint motion

② Analysis system

The dynamic analysis can be carried out while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 5-18.

Step How to do

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Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Input "0.05" in the “end time " window.
3 Change the file name as " Bushing_dynamic_1_10HZ " and run the simulation
Table 5-18 Setting steps for simulation

③ Post processing

After the simulation is finished, the post processor will open automatically. The displacement
with load curve can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Tables 5-19 and Figures 5-16.

Step How to do
1 Play the animation and check that whether the rubber part has a normal deformation.
Do the operations that we do in Chapter 5, Table 5-40, from step 2 to step 7. These
2
steps are the setting steps for X-axis.
3 Select “GR_shaft” (TJ_01) from the objects.
4 Select “Force_on_Action_Marker” in “Characteristic” window.
5 Select “Z” in “Component” window.
Click “Add Curve” in “Draw Curve” window. And then, the force is drawn in the
6
plot view.
Table 5-19 Steps for creating a plot view

Figure 5-16 Adding a curve in the plot view

④ Comparison of the bushing force and rubber material of dynamic

It is possible to investigate the effect of the characteristic coefficient of rubber material of

damping radio. There are two step to do. ①First step, change the motion function to check the

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force/displacement diagram in different vibration frequency and ②read the value at displacement=
0.5mm. Create 5 kind of frequency to acquire the values in dynamic situation as Table 5-20.

Damping Values of End

Group name Motion function
coefficient frequency time

Motion：
0.001 0 HZ 0.01s
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

Motion dynamic：
0.001 10 HZ 0.05s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)

Motion dynamic：
Bushing_dynamic_1 0.001 40 HZ 0.0125s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)

Motion dynamic：
0.001 70 HZ 0.00714s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)

Motion dynamic：
0.001 100 HZ 0.005s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 5-20 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_1”

Change the values as shown in chapter5 as Table 5-43 and Figure 5-30 and run the simulation.
After the simulation, Create four diagrams as Figure 5-17.

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Figure 5-17 The curve diagram from 10HZ to 100HZ

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 5-21.

Damping
Curve Color Frequency(HZ)
coefficient
1 0.001 10
2 0.001 40
3 0.001 70
4 0.001 100
Table 5-21 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and the values at displacement=0.2 as we do in

chapter 5.

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Figure 5-18 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm

Figure 5-19 Read the values of the curve at 0.2mm

We get a group of date as shown in Table 5-22.

Damping Values of
Group name Elastic coefficient K
coefficient frequency
Bushing_dynamic_1 0.001 0 HZ 8149.5

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0.001 10 HZ 7850
0.001 40 HZ 7843
0.001 70 HZ 7809
0.001 100 HZ 7768
Table 5-22 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_1”

Create the curve of “Bushing_dynamic_1” like. Compare the curves that we made by Bushing
Force with the experiment that we made in chapter 5.

Figure 5-20 Compare group Bushing_dynamic_1 with experiment

The curve that we made by bushing force is different to the curve of experiment, so we can find
that the damping coefficient of damping force is different to the damping ratio of FEBody. Next
step is to find damping coefficient to make the curve close to the curve of experiment curve. There
are two groups of date that can be created as Table 5-23, 5-24 to find a curve transformation rule in
the bushing system. Before the function is modified, rewrite the damping coefficient of Z
direction at the bushing force property as shown in the Table below.

Damping Values of End

Group name Motion function
coefficient frequency time

Motion：
Bushing_dynamic_2 0.0001 0 HZ 0.01s
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

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Motion dynamic：
0.0001 10 HZ 0.05s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)

Motion dynamic：
0.0001 40 HZ 0.0125s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)

Motion dynamic：
0.0001 70 HZ 0.00714s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)

Motion dynamic：
0.0001 100 HZ 0.005s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 5-23 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_2”

Damping Values of End

Group name Motion function
coefficient frequency time
Motion：
0.01 0 HZ STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4) 0.01s

Motion dynamic：
0.01 10 HZ 0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10) 0.05s
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
Motion dynamic：
Bushing_dynamic_ 0.01 40 HZ 0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40) 0.0125s
3 dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
Motion dynamic：
0.01 70 HZ 0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70) 0.00714s
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
Motion dynamic：
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10
0.01 100 HZ 0.005s
0)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 5-24 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_3”

The diagrams of two groups will be obtained as Figure 5-21, 5-22, 5-23 and Figure 5-24, 5-25,
5-26.

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Figure 5-21 The curve diagram from 10HZ to 100HZ of bushing dynamic_2

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 5-25.

Damping Frequency(HZ)
Curve Color
coefficient
1 0.0001 10
2 0.0001 40
3 0.0001 70
4 0.0001 100
Table 5-25 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and the values at displacement=0.2 as we do in

chapter 5.

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Figure 5-22 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm of bushing dynamic_2

Figure 5-23 Read the values of the curve at 0.2mm of bushing dynamic_2

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Figure 5-24 The curve diagram from 10HZ to 100HZ of bushing dynamic_3

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 5-28.

Damping Frequency(HZ)
Curve Color
coefficient
1 0. 01 10
2 0. 01 40
3 0. 01 70
4 0. 01 100
Table 5-26 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and the values at displacement=0.2 as we do in

chapter 5.

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Figure 5-25 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm of bushing dynamic_3

Figure 5-26 Read the values of the curve at 0.2mm of bushing dynamic_3

We get two more groups of date as shown in Table 5-27 and 5-28.

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Damping Values of
Group name Elastic coefficient K
coefficient frequency
0.00001 0 HZ 8149.5
0.00001 10 HZ 7850
Bushing_dynamic_2 0.00001 40 HZ 7843
0.00001 70 HZ 7809
0.00001 100 HZ 7768
Table 5-27 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_2”

Damping Values of
Group name Elastic coefficient K
coefficient frequency
0.01 0 HZ 8149.5
0.01 10 HZ 7851.6
Bushing_dynamic_3 0.01 40 HZ 7843.75
0.01 70 HZ 7809.17
0.01 100 HZ 7775
Table 5-28 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_3”

There is almost no difference between Bushing_dynamic_1, Bushing_dynamic_2 and

Bushing_dynamic_3 in the values. We can make the conclusion that if damping coefficient is less
than 0.01, there will be almost no change caused by the damping coefficient. When damping
coefficient is bigger than 0.01, the curve begin to rise. So we should continue to increase the
numerical. There are two more groups of date being created as Table 5-29 and 5-30.

Damping Values of End

Group name Motion function
coefficient frequency time

Motion：
0. 1 0 HZ 0.01s
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

Motion dynamic：
0. 1 10 HZ 0.05s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
Bushing_dynamic_4
Motion dynamic：
0. 1 40 HZ 0.0125s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)

Motion dynamic：
0. 1 70 HZ 0.00714s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)

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Motion dynamic：
0. 1 100 HZ 0.005s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 5-29 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_4”

Damping Values of End

Group name Motion function
coefficient frequency time

Motion：
1 0 HZ 0.01s
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

Motion dynamic：
1 10 HZ 0.05s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)

Motion dynamic：
Bushing_dynamic_5 1 40 HZ 0.0125s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)

Motion dynamic：
1 70 HZ 0.00714s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)

Motion dynamic：
1 100 HZ 0.005s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 5-30 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_5”

The diagrams of two groups will be obtained as Figures 5-27, 5-28, 5-29 and Figures 5-30, 5-31,
5-32.

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Figure 5-27 The curve diagram from 10HZ to 100HZ of bushing dynamic_4

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 5-31.

Damping Frequency(HZ)
Curve Color
coefficient
1 0. 1 10
2 0. 1 40
3 0. 1 70
4 0. 1 100
Table 5-31 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and the values at displacement=0.2 as we do in

chapter 5.

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Figure 5-28 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm of bushing dynamic_4

Figure 5-29 Read the values of the curve at 0.2mm of bushing dynamic_4

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Figure 5-30 The curve diagram from 10HZ to 100HZ of bushing dynamic_5

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 5-32.

Damping Frequency(HZ)
Curve Color
coefficient
1 1 10
2 1 40
3 1 70
4 1 100
Table 5-32 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and the values at displacement=0.2 as we do in

chapter 5.

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Figure 5-31 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm of bushing dynamic_5

Figure 5-32 Read the values of the curve at 0.2mm of bushing dynamic_5

We get two more groups of date as shown in Table 5-33 and 5-34.

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Damping Values of
Group name Elastic coefficient K
coefficient frequency
0. 1 0 HZ 8149.5
0. 1 10 HZ 7851.67
Bushing_dynamic_4 0. 1 40 HZ 7844
0. 1 70 HZ 7825
0. 1 100 HZ 7793
Table 5-33 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_4”

Damping Values of
Group name Elastic coefficient K
coefficient frequency
1 0 HZ 8149.5
1 10 HZ 7878
Bushing_dynamic_5 1 40 HZ 7900
1 70 HZ 7955
1 100 HZ 7980
Table 5-34 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_5”

Create the curves of “Bushing_dynamic_4” and “Bushing_dynamic_5”. Compare the curves that
we made by Bushing Force with the experiment that we made in chapter5.

Figure 5-33 Compare group Bushing_dynamic_4, Bushing_dynamic_5 with experiment

It’s obviously to see that, as the damping coefficient grows up, the curve will increase and it is

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getting close to the experiment curve. So we continue to increase the numerical of damping
coefficient. There are two more groups of dates being created as Table 5-35 and 5-36.

Damping Values of End

Group name Motion function
coefficient frequency time

Motion：
2 0 HZ 0.01s
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

Motion dynamic：
2 10 HZ 0.05s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)

Motion dynamic：
Bushing_dynamic_6 2 40 HZ 0.0125s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)

Motion dynamic：
2 70 HZ 0.00714s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)

Motion dynamic：
2 100 HZ 0.005s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 5-35 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_6”

Damping Values of End

Group name Motion function
coefficient frequency time

Motion：
3 0 HZ 0.01s
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

Motion dynamic：
3 10 HZ 0.05s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
Bushing_dynamic_7
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)

Motion dynamic：
3 40 HZ 0.0125s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)

3 70 HZ Motion dynamic： 0.00714s

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0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)

Motion dynamic：
3 100 HZ 0.005s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 5-36 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_7”

After the simulation, do the operation as 6.2.9. The diagrams of two groups will be obtained as
Figures 5-34, 5-35, 5-36 and Figures 5-37, 5-38, 5-39.

Figure 5-34 The curve diagram from 10HZ to 100HZ of bushing dynamic_6

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 5-37.

Damping Frequency(HZ)
Curve Color
coefficient
1 2 10
2 2 40
3 2 70
4 2 100
Table 5-37 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and the values at displacement=0.2 as we do in

chapter 5.

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Figure 5-35 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm of bushing dynamic_6

Figure 5-36 Read the values of the curve at 0.2mm of bushing dynamic_6

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Figure 5-37 The curve diagram from 10HZ to 100HZ of bushing dynamic_7

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 5-38.

Damping Frequency(HZ)
Curve Color
coefficient
1 3 10
2 3 40
3 3 70
4 3 100
Table 5-38 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and the values at displacement=0.2 as we do in

chapter 5.

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Figure 5-38 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm of bushing dynamic_7

Figure 5-39 Read the values of the curve at 0.2mm of bushing dynamic_7

Calculate the dates and we get two more groups of date as shown in Table 5-46 and 5-47.

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Damping Values of
Group name Elastic coefficient K
coefficient frequency
2 0 HZ 8149.5
2 10 HZ 7833
Bushing_dynamic_6 2 40 HZ 8026.7
2 70 HZ 8075
2 100 HZ 8186
Table 5-39 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_6”

Damping Values of Elastic coefficient K

Group name
coefficient frequency
3 0 HZ 8149.5
3 10 HZ 7913
Bushing_dynamic_7 3 40 HZ 8091.67
3 70 HZ 8260
3 100 HZ 8416.67
Table 5-40 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_7”

Create the curves of “Bushing_dynamic_6” and “Bushing_dynamic_7”. Compare the curves that
we made by Bushing Force with the experiment that we made in chapter5.

Figure 5-40 Compare group Bushing_dynamic_6, Bushing_dynamic_7 with Bushing_dynamic_4,

Bushing_dynamic_5 and experiment

It is easy to find that as the damping coefficient grows up, the curve will increase and it is getting

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close to the experiment curve. So we continue to increase the numerical of damping coefficient.
There are one more group of date being created as Table 5-41.

Damping Values of End

Group name Motion function
coefficient frequency time

Motion：
4 0 HZ 0.01s
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

Motion dynamic：
4 10 HZ 0.05s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)

Motion dynamic：
Bushing_dynamic_8 4 40 HZ 0.0125s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)

Motion dynamic：
4 70 HZ 0.00714s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)

Motion dynamic：
4 100 HZ 0.005s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 5-41 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_8”

After the simulation, do the operation as 6.2.9. One group of diagrams will be obtained as Figure
5-41, 5-42 5-43.

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Figure 5-41 The curve diagram from 10HZ to 100HZ

The relationships between color and group are shown as Table 5-42.

Damping Frequency(HZ)
Curve Color
coefficient
1 4 10
2 4 40
3 4 70
4 4 100
Table 5-42 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and the values at displacement=0.2 as we do in

chapter 5.

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Figure 5-42 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm

Figure 5-43 Read the values of the curve at 0.2mm

We get a group of date as shown in Table 5-43.

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Damping Values of
Group name Elastic coefficient K
coefficient frequency
4 0 HZ 8149.5
4 10 HZ 7915
Bushing_dynamic_8 4 40 HZ 8260
4 70 HZ 8318
4 100 HZ 8568
Table 5-43 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_8”

Create the curves of “Bushing_dynamic_8”. Compare the curves that we made by Bushing Force
with the experiment that we made in chapter5.

Figure 5-44 Compare group Bushing_dynamic_8 with Bushing_dynamic_7 and experiment

Curve of bushing dynamic_8 is almost the experiment curve. We should increase the numerical of
damping coefficient only a little. So increase the numerical of damping coefficient just about 0.5.
There are one more group of date being created as Table 5-44.

Damping Values of End

Group name Motion function
coefficient frequency time

Motion：
Bushing_dynamic_9 4.5 0 HZ 0.01s
STEP(TIME,0.0,0.0,0.01,4)

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Motion dynamic：
4.5 10 HZ 0.05s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*10)

Motion dynamic：
4.5 40 HZ 0.0125s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*40)

Motion dynamic：
4.5 70 HZ 0.00714s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*70)

Motion dynamic：
4.5 100 HZ 0.005s
0.225+0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
dz: 0.51*SIN(2*PI*TIME*100)
Table 5-44 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_9”

After the simulation, do the operation as 6.2.9. One group of diagrams will be obtained as Figures
5-45, 5-46, 5-47.

Figure 5-45 The curve diagram from 10HZ to 100HZ

The relationships between color and group are shown as table 5-45.

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Damping Frequency(HZ)
Curve Color
coefficient
1 4.5 10
2 4.5 40
3 4.5 70
4 4.5 100
Table 5-45 Comparison of coefficient of rubber

Next, we read the values at displacement=0.5mm and the values at displacement=0.2 as we do in

chapter 5.

Figure 5-46 Read the values of the curve at 0.5mm

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Figure 5-47 Read the values of the curve at 0.2mm

We get a group of date as shown in Table 5-46.

Damping Values of Elastic coefficient K

Group name
coefficient frequency
4.5 0 HZ 8149.5
4.5 10 HZ 7860
Bushing_dynamic_9 4.5 40 HZ 8241
4.5 70 HZ 8411
4.5 100 HZ 8635
Table 5-46 Values of group “Bushing_dynamic_9”

Create the curves of “Bushing_dynamic_9”. Compare the curves that we made by Bushing Force
with the experiment that we made in chapter5.

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Figure 5-48 Compare group Bushing_dynamic_9 with experiment

Curve of group “bushing_dynamic_9” is almost as same as the experiment curve, so damping

coefficient=4.5 is the value that we want.

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Chapter 6 Dynamic Solution study of

Numerical Damping and Maximum Stepsize
6.1. Getting started

6.1.1. What do you learn

This chapter will introduce how to model a simple box-spring system and used it to study the
effects of the numerical damping and the maximum step size of the integrator on the results step by
step as shown in Table 6-1. The purpose of this chapter is to tell the users how to control the error
within the scope that we want.

• Table of detail design steps

Entities Description
Creation of Block
Create Body
Modify the quality of the block
Creation of translational joint
Create Constraints
Set property of translational joint
Creation of spring force
Create Force
Set property of translational spring force
Analysis system
Simulation
Post processing
Analysis system of case1
Effect Analysis of the
Analysis system of case2
Maximum Stepsize
Effect Analysis of the Maximum Stepsize
Analysis system of case3
Effect Analysis of the
Analysis system of case4
Numerical Damping
Effect Analysis of the Numerical Damping
Table 6-1 List of design step

• Description of model
A simple box-spring system is introduced to learn the effects of the numerical damping and the
maximum step size of the integrator on the results. From Figure 6-1 we can see the box-spring
system specifically. It could be divided into three parts as one block, one translational joint and one
spring force.

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Figure 6-1 Simple box-spring system

The rigid body with a box shape is connected to the ground with a translational joint and spring
force in the z direction. Initial velocity in the z direction is applied on the body to produce a vibration.
The values are calculated to have same amplitude for three models and for this case three frequencies
of 1Hz, 10Hz and 100 Hz are carried out. Initial velocity in the z direction is applied on the body to
produce a vibration. The values are calculated to have same amplitude for three models. Vertical
displacements of the body are calculated to examine the numerical damping without gravity.

6.1.2. Requirements

• Requirement packages
ANSYS Motion Pro
ANSYS Motion / STEP Translator

• Prerequisite knowledge
ANSYS Motion Post Processor Tutorial

• Technical terminologies

Term Description Unit

m Mass of body kg
k Spring coefficient N/mm
z Displacement of body mm
w Angular frequency of body rad
A Amplitude of frequency mm
f Frequency HZ

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Table 6-2 Explain of Mechanical Formula

• Theory of model

There’s two kinds of initial condition should be given to the model. The first one is spring
coefficient, it is used to define how hard the spring is, and it will determine the maximum
amplitude in same initial velocity condition. The second one is initial velocity; it is used to define
the initial motion condition of the rigid body. According to the function of Mechanical Vibration
they can be calculated like below.

The equation of motion of the body can be represented as:

mz + kz = 0 (Eq. 1)

The differential equation of Eq. 1 can be solved as:

z = A sin( wt ) (Eq. 2)

k
w= (Eq. 3)
m

As differentiating of Eq. 2, the resultant velocity can be calculated as follows.

z = Aw cos(wt ) (Eq. 4)

For the case of 1Hz, since mass is 1kg, the angular frequency of w is 2 from Eq. 3. When the
time is zero, the velocity can be calculated from Eq. 4.

z t =0 = Aw = 2 = 6.2832 (Eq. 5)

Thus, the amplitude of A is 1 from Eq. 5 and the solution of displacement can be taken from Eq. 2.

z = sin( 2t ) (Eq. 6)

For the other cases, since the amplitude of A are 1, the solution of displacement can be
represented as follows.

z = sin( wt ) (Eq. 7)

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According to the function as follows.

k
w = 2f = (Eq. 8)
m

The equation of Eq. 8 can be solved as:

k = (2f )^ 2 (Eq. 9)

For the case of 1Hz, the spring coefficient can be calculated from Eq. 9 as follows.

k = (2 )^ 2 = 39 .47842 N / m (Eq. 9)

So some inputs for the case studies are described as shown in Table 6-3.

Parameter Symbol Value

Mass m 1 kg

39.47842( (2 ) )N/m

2
Spring coefficient for 1Hz k1

3947.842( (20 ) ) N/m

2
Spring coefficient for 10Hz k2

394784.2( (200 ) ) N/m

2
Spring coefficient for 100Hz k2

Damping coefficient of
c 0 N*s/m
spring

Initial velocity for 1Hz z1 6.2832( 2 ) m/s

Initial velocity for 10Hz z 2 62.832( 20 ) m/s

Initial velocity for 100Hz z 3 628.32( 200 ) m/s

Table 6-3 Input parameters for verification

At first of this chapter we will use the date written in red color in Table 6-3 to show that how to
create the model in 1HZ. And then we will do the other groups as same as 1HZ.

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• Topology of model

No. Base Body Action Body Constraint type

1 Ground BD_01 Translational Joint
Table 6-4 List of Constraints in the multi-body model

6.1.3. Simulation goal

This simulation will investigate the effects of the numerical damping and the maximum step size
of the integrator on the results

Contents Entity
Performance The precision and error of each group.
Design parameters Numerical damping and Maximum step size
Table 6-5 Design problem

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6.2. Build model

6.2.1. Create Body

① Creation of Block

At first create the subsystem as shown in tutorial chapter [Link] the Block is created while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 6-6.

Step How to do
1 Create a new subsystem and set the gravity as “0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000”.
Click “Block” button from the “Body” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
2
dialog of the block.
3 Set the position as “-5, -5, -5”.
Table 6-6 Creation of Block

② Modify the quality of the Block

Modify the quality of “BD_01” as “1kg” while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 6-7 and
Figure 6-2.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of the block.
Select “User Input Mass Type ” to input the mass of new body immediately by
2
user.
3 Input “1” in the “Mass” window.
Table 6-7 Modify steps of the new body

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Figure 6-2 “Modify the quality” dialog

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6.2.2. Create Constraints

① Creation of translational joint

One translational joint is created to connect between Ground and BD_01 while practicing the
modeling steps in the Table 6-8.

Step How to do
Click “Translational” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation dialog of the translational joint.
2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the translational joint.
3 Pick “BD_01” on the screen to define the action body of the translational joint.
4 Set the “Position” as “0.0, 0.0, 0.0”.
5 Set “Z-axis” as “+Z”.
Table 6-8 Creation steps of the translational joints

② Set property of translational joint

The next step is to setting the Initial conditions for the translational joint as shown in Table 6-9
and Figure 6-3.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the translational joint to setting the initial condition for the
1
translational joint.
Select the combo box in the Type window to change the function type as “Initial
2
conditions”.
Input “6.2832*1000” in the “Velocity” windows. Because the unit that we have
3 calculates in the Table 6-3 is “m/s”, but the subsystem that we made is default the
unit as “mm/s”. 6.2832m/s=6.2832*1000mm/s. So we input 6.2832*1000 in here.
Table 6-9 Setting steps of the initial conditions

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Figure 6-3 Setting the initial condition for the translational joint

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6.2.3. Create Force

① Creation of spring force

One spring force is created to connect between Ground and BD_01 while practicing the
modeling steps in the Table 6-10.

Step How to do
Click “Spring” from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation dialog
1
of the translational spring force.
2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the translational spring force.
Pick “BD_01” on the screen to define the action body of the translational spring
3
force.
4 Set “Base Position” as “0.0, 0.0, -20”.
5 Set “Action Position” as “0.0, 0.0, 0.0”.
Table 6-10 Creation steps of the translational spring force

② Set property of translational spring force

The next step is to setting the spring coefficient and damping coefficient for the translational
spring force as shown in Table 6-11 and Figure 6-4.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the “TSPRING_01” to setting the initial condition for the
1
“Translational Spring”.
Input “39.47842/1000” in the “spring coefficient” windows. Because the unit that we
have calculates in the Table 6-3 is “N/m”, but the subsystem that we made is default
2
the unit as “N/mm”. 39.47842N/m=39.47842/1000N/mm. So we input
39.47842/1000 in here.
Input “0” in the “damping coefficient” windows as we assumption the damping
3
coefficient as 0 in Table 6-3.
Table 6-11 Setting steps of the spring force

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Figure 6-4 Setting the Spring Coefficient and Damping Coefficient of spring force

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6.2.4. Simulation

① Analysis system

To check the effect of “Maximum stepsize”, set the “Numerical damping” as 1 and set the
“Maximum stepsize” as 0.001. The dynamics analysis can be carried out while practicing the
modeling steps in the Table 6-12 and Figure 6-5.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Input "1000" in the “Output step " window.
3 Change the file name as you want.
4 Click “Show advanced option” to activity “Dynamic”.
Click “Dynamic” button to change the values of “Maximum stepsize” and
5
“Numerical damping”.
6 Input “1” in the “Numerical damping” window.
7 Input “0.001” in the “Maximum stepsize” window and run the simulation.
Table 6-12 Setting steps for simulation

Figure 6-5 Modification of parameters for simulation

② Post processing

After the simulation is finished, the post processor opened automatically. The displacement of the

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block can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Tables 6-13 and Figures 6-6.

Step How to do
1 Select the result filename in the “Object Navigator”.
2 Select the “BD_01” from all manual.
3 Select “position” from the objects.
4 Select “Z” in “Characteristic” window.
5 Click “Add Curve” button to create a curve.
Table 6-13 Steps for creating a plot view

Figure 6-6 Adding a curve in the plot view

At last, read the values at the first peak as shown in Table 6-14 and Figure 6-7.

Step How to do
1 Select “Tracking curve” window to check the values of x-axis and y-axis.
2 Select the first pick of the curve at x-axis=2.5.
3 Read the values of “Y”. In here the values of peak is 0.9984m.
Table 6-14 Steps for read the values on the curve

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Figure 6-7 Read the values of displacement

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6.2.5. Effect Analysis of the Maximum Stepsize

The values of maximum stepsize=0.001 of 1HZ is created already. Now we will show how to find
out the values of maximum stepsize=0.0001 of 1HZ and values of maximum stepsize=0.0001 of
10HZ. We can learn how to change the maximum stepsize and the values of HZ from two cases.

① Analysis system of case1: Maximum stepsize=0.0001 of 1HZ

The curve of maximum stepsize=0.0001 of 1HZ can be created while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 6-15.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Change the file name as you want.
3 Click “Dynamic” button and input “0.0001” in the “Maximum stepsize” window.
4 Click “Simulation” button to run the simulation.
Table 6-15 Setting steps for simulation

After the simulation is finished, the post processor opened automatically. The displacement of
the block can be plotted as we do in Table 6-13 and Figure 6-6, there is a curve be create as Figure
6-8.

Figure 6-8 Curve of maximum stepsize=0.001 and 0.0001 in 1HZ

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② Analysis system of case2: Maximum stepsize=0.0001 of 10HZ

Before the curve of maximum stepsize=0.0001 of 10HZ be created, Table 6-3 should be
checked again to find the values of the spring coefficient and initial velocity of 10HZ. To create the
curve of 10HZ, the values of the spring coefficient and initial velocity should be changed first as
the date written in red color in Table 6-16.

Parameter Symbol Value

Mass m 1 kg

39.47842( (2 ) )N/m

2
Spring coefficient for 1Hz k1

3947.842( (20 ) ) N/m

2
Spring coefficient for 10Hz k2

394784.2( (200 ) ) N/m

2
Spring coefficient for 100Hz k2

Damping coefficient of
c 0 N*s/m
spring

Initial velocity for 1Hz z1 6.2832( 2 ) m/s

Initial velocity for 10Hz z 2 62.832( 20 ) m/s

Initial velocity for 100Hz z 3 628.32( 200 ) m/s

Table 6-16 Input parameters for verification

At first, modify the spring coefficient as 3947.842 N/m as shown in Table 6-17.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the “TSPRING_01” to setting the initial condition for the
1
“Translational Spring”.
Input “3947.842/1000” in the “spring coefficient” windows. Because the unit that we
have calculates in the Table 6-3 is “N/m”, but the subsystem that we made is default
2
the unit as “N/mm”. 3947.842 N/m = 3947.842/1000N/mm. So we input 3947.842
/1000 in here.
Table 6-17 Modify steps of the spring force

Then, modify the initial velocity as 62.832 m/s as shown in Table 6-18.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of the translational joint to setting the initial condition for the

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translational joint.
Input “62.832*1000” in the “Velocity” windows. Because the unit that we have
2 calculates in the Table 6-3 is “m/s”, but the subsystem that we made is default the
unit as “mm/s”. 62.832m/s=62.832*1000mm/s. So we input 62.832*1000 in here.
Table 6-18 Setting steps of the initial conditions

At last, rename the file name and run the simulation.

After the simulation is finished, the post processor opened automatically. Do the step as case1,
Table 6-13 and Figure 6-6. The created curve is shown as Figure 6-9.

Figure 6-9 Curve of maximum stepsize=0.0001 in 10HZ

③ Effect Analysis of the Maximum Stepsize

Read the values of case1 and case2 at the first peak as shown in Table 6-14 and Figure 6-7, we get
the Table 6-19 with some blank space.

Analytic Maximum Stepsize Error(%)

Contents 1.0e- 1.0e- 1.0e- 1.0e- 1.0e- 1.0e-
stepsize
3 4 5 3 4 5
Displacement(m)
1 0.9984 0.9998 -0.160 -0.020
for 1 Hz
Displacement(m)
1 0.9983 -0.170
for 10 Hz
Displacement(m) 1

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for 100 Hz
Table 6-19 Comparison of displacement for each case

Find the other blank dates of the table as we do in case 1 and case 2. Note that the remaining 6
groups of dates are maximum stepsize=0.00001 of 1HZ; maximum stepsize=0.001 of 10HZ;
maximum stepsize=0.00001 of 10HZ; maximum stepsize=0.001 of 100HZ; maximum
stepsize=0.0001 of 100HZ; maximum stepsize=0.00001 of 100HZ. There are 3 groups of curves be
created as shown in Figure 6-10, 6-11, 6-12 and one more group of date could be found as Table
6-19.

Figure 6-10 Displacement in time domain for 1Hz

Figure 6-11 Displacement in time domain for 10Hz

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Figure 6-12 Displacement in time domain for 100Hz

Analytic Maximum Stepsize Error(%)

Contents 1.0e- 1.0e- 1.0e- 1.0e- 1.0e- 1.0e-
stepsize
3 4 5 3 4 5
Displacement(m)
1 0.9984 0.9998 1.0000 -0.160 -0.020 0.000
for 1 Hz
Displacement(m)
1 0.9837 0.9983 0.9998 -1.630 -0.170 -0.020
for 10 Hz
Displacement(m)
1 0.8297 0.9384 0.9498 -17.03 -6.160 -5.020
for 100 Hz
Table 6-20 Comparison of displacement for each case

Observe the form, we can know that, as the values of frequency (HZ) grows up, the error under
the same maximum stepsize also will grows up. It is because the presence of numerical
damping. ,the effect of numerical damping will be analysis in the next section. And it is worth to
noting that the error will be reduced when the maximum stepsize falling down under the condition
of the same frequency (HZ) values. So we obtain a new kind of method to control the error.
Increase the maximum stepsize the error will grows up, but the calculate time will be cut down.
Reduce the maximum stepsize the error will falling down, but the calculate time will grows up.

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6.2.6. Effect Analysis of the Numerical Damping

To find the effect of the numerical damping, three groups of numerical damping’s curve should
be create as the empty Table 6-21 under the condition of the maximum stepsize is 1.0e-5.

Analytic Numerical Damping Error(%)

Contents
Step size 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.2
Displacement(m) 1
for 1 Hz
Displacement(m) 1
for 10 Hz
Displacement(m) 1
for 100 Hz
Table 6-21 Comparison of displacement for each case

There’s no need to create the curve of group “numerical damping=1.0”, because we have already
calculate it in Table 6-20. As shown in Figure 6-13 with the red box.

Figure 6-13 Displacement in time domain for 100Hz

Analytic Numerical Damping Error(%)

Contents
Step size 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.2
Displacement(m) 1
1.0000 0.000
for 1 Hz
Displacement(m) 1
0.9998 -0.020
for 10 Hz
Displacement(m) 1
0.9498 -5.020
for 100 Hz
Table 6-22 Comparison of displacement for each case

There’re two groups of case have been created.

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① Analysis system of case3: Numerical damping=0.6 of 1HZ

At first, the spring coefficient and initial velocity should be modify to make the frequency of the
block as [Link] first step is to setting the spring coefficient as 39347842 N/m as Table 6-23.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the “TSPRING_01” to setting the initial condition for the
1
“Translational Spring”.
Input “39.47842/1000” in the “spring coefficient” windows. Because the unit that we
have calculates in the Table 6-3 is “N/m”, but the subsystem that we made is default
2
the unit as “N/mm”. 39.47842 N/m = 39.47842/1000N/mm. So we input 39.47842
/1000 in here.
Table 6-23 Modify steps of the spring force

Then, modify the initial velocity as 6.2832 m/s as shown in Table 6-24.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the translational joint to setting the initial condition for the
1
translational joint.
Input “6.2832*1000” in the “Velocity” windows. Because the unit that we have
2 calculates in the Table 6-3 is “m/s”, but the subsystem that we made is default the
unit as “mm/s”. 6.2832m/s=6.2832*1000mm/s. So we input 6.2832*1000 in here.
Table 6-24 Setting steps of the initial conditions

Next step, modify the maximum stepsize as 1.0e-5, modify the numerical damping as [Link]
shown in Table 6-25 and Figure 6-14, and then, run the simulation.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Change the file name as you want.
Click “Dynamic” button to change the values of “Maximum stepsize” and
3
“Numerical damping”.
4 Input “0.6” in the “Numerical damping” window.
Input “0.000001” in the “Initial stepsize” window and input “0.00001” in the
5
“Maximum stepsize” window. And run the simulation.
Table 6-25 Setting steps for simulation

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Figure 6-14 Modification of parameters for simulation

After the simulation is finished, the post processor opened automatically. The displacement of
the block can be plotted as we do in Table 6-13 and Figure 6-6, there is a curve be create as Figure
6-15.

Figure 6-15 Curve of numerical damping=0.6 in 1HZ

② Analysis system of case4: Numerical damping=0.6 of 10HZ

To create the curve of numerical damping=0.6 of 10HZ, we only need to change the spring

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coefficient and initial velocity to make the frequency from 1HZ to 10HZ. At first, modify the spring
coefficient as 3947.842 N/m as shown in Table 6-26.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the “TSPRING_01” to setting the initial condition for the
1
“Translational Spring”.
Input “3947.842/1000” in the “spring coefficient” windows. Because the unit that we
have calculates in the Table 6-3 is “N/m”, but the subsystem that we made is default
2
the unit as “N/mm”. 3947.842N/m = 3947.842/1000N/mm. So we input
3947.842/1000 in here.
Table 6-26 Modify steps of the spring force

Then, modify the initial velocity as 62.832 m/s as shown in Table 6-27.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the translational joint to setting the initial condition for the
1
translational joint.
Input “62.832 *1000” in the “Velocity” windows. Because the unit that we have
2 calculates in the Table 6-3 is “m/s”, but the subsystem that we made is default the
unit as “mm/s”. 62.832 m/s=62.832 *1000mm/s. So we input 62.832 *1000 in here.
Table 6-27 Setting steps of the initial conditions

At last, rename the file name and run the simulation.

After the simulation is finished, the post processor opened automatically. Do the step as case1, Table
6-13 and Figure 6-6. The created curve is shown as Figure 6-16.

Figure 6-16 Curve of numerical damping=0.6 in 10HZ

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③ Effect Analysis of the numerical damping

Read the values of case3 and case4 at the first peak, we get the Table 6-3 with some blank space.

Analytic Numerical Damping Error(%)

Contents
Step size 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.2
Displacement(m) 1
1.0000 1.000 0.000 0.000
for 1 Hz
Displacement(m) 1
0.9998 0.9999 -0.020 -0.010
for 10 Hz
Displacement(m) 1
0.9498 -5.020
for 100 Hz
Table 6-28 Comparison of displacement for each case

Find the other blank dates of the table as we do in case 3 and case 4. 3 groups of curves are
examined as Figure 6-17, 6-18, 6-19. At first peak for each numerical damping, the errors are
calculated as shown in Table 6-29. Note that the value of numerical damping should be greater than
0.2.

Figure 6-17 Displacement in time domain for 1Hz

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Figure 6-18 Displacement in time domain for 10Hz

Figure 6-19 Displacement in time domain for 100Hz

Analytic Numerical Damping Error(%)

Contents
Step size 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.2
Displacement(m) 1
1.0000 1.000 1.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000
for 1 Hz
Displacement(m) 1 0.9998 0.9999 1.0000 -0.020 -0.010 0.000

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for 10 Hz
Displacement(m) 1
0.9498 0.9991 0.9997 -5.020 -0.090 -0.030
for 100 Hz
Table 6-29 Comparison of displacement for each case

Observe the form, we can know that, as the values of frequency (HZ) grows up, the error under
the same numerical damping also will grows up. And it is worth to noting that the error will be
reduced when the numerical damping falling down under the condition of the same frequency (HZ)
values. So we obtain a new kind of method to control the error. Increase the numerical damping the
errors will grows up, and reduce the numerical damping the error will falling down.

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Chapter 7 Using the SINE_SWEEP

Function to Test a Model
7.1. Getting started

7.1.1. What do you learn

This chapter will introduce how to find the resonant frequency in the very simple model that we
made in chapter7 and used it to study the effects of the numerical damping and the maximum step
size of the integrator on the results .In actual mechanical design, the sympathetic vibration should be
avoid, because it is a very dangerous phenomenon. We will find the resonant frequency step by step
as shown in Table 7-1.

• Table of detail design steps

Entities Description
Define Design Variables Creation of motion function
Creation of Block
Create Body
Modify the quality of the block
Creation of translational joint
Create Constraints
Remove the initial velocity
Creation of T-scalar force
Creation of spring force
Create Force
Set property of T-scalar force
Set property of translational spring force
Analysis system
Post processing
Simulation
Effect Analysis of the resonant frequency of case1
Effect Analysis of the resonant frequency of case2
Table 7-1 List of design step

• Description of model
In Case 1 a simple box-spring system is introduced to learn the effects of the numerical damping
and the maximum step size of the integrator on the results in chapter7 and it be used to find the
resonant frequency this chapter. From Figure 7-1 we can see the box-spring system specifically. It
could be divided into four parts as one block, one translational joint one spring force, and a
Translational Scalar Force is be added.

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Figure 7-1 Simple box-spring system

We set the condition as 10HZ, numerical damping=1, maximum stepsize=1.0e-5. The rigid body
with a box shape is connected to the ground with a translational joint and spring force in the z
direction. Initial velocity is been removed. And there’s a frequency gradient force (from 0HZ to
100HZ) be applied on the top of the box to check where does sympathetic vibration happened.
In Case 2 a same box-spring system is be added on the top of the first body. We used it to check
the situation of resonant frequency of the composite object. From Figure 7-2 we can see the multi
box-spring system2.

Figure 7-2 Simple multi box-spring system

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7.1.2. Requirements

• Requirement packages
ANSYS Motion Pro
ANSYS Motion / STEP Translator

• Prerequisite knowledge
ANSYS Motion Post Processor Tutorial

• Technical terminologies

Term Description Unit

m Mass of body kg
k Spring coefficient N/mm
x Displacement of body mm
w natural frequencies HZ
Table 7-2 Explain of Mechanical Formula

• Theory of model

For the multi body, as m1=m2=1KG, K1=K2=3947.842. The equation of motion of each body can
be represented as:

mx1 + k1 ( x1 − x2 ) = 0 (Eq. 1)

mx2 + k1 ( x2 − x1 ) + k 2 x2 = 0 (Eq. 2)

Assuming harmonic solution as:

xi (t ) = xi Cos(t +  ); i = 1,2 (Eq. 3)

The frequency equation can be obtained by substituting Eq. (Eq. 3 into Eq. 1 and Eq. 2).

(− m 2 + k 2 + k1 ) − k1
(Eq. 4)
− k1 (− m 2 + k1 )
Or

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m 2 4 − 3mk  2 + k 2 = 0 (Eq. 5)

The solution Eq. 4 and Eq. 5 gives the natural frequencies as :

3mk
1 = 2
+ 9m 2 k 2 − 4m 2 k 2 (Eq. 6)
2m

3mk
2 = 2
− 9m 2 k 2 − 4m 2 k 2 (Eq. 7)
2m

Use this solution we can find that each body of this system have two natural frequencies. And the
values of pick1=6.1788HZ, pick2=16.1799 can be proved. These values will be verified in the last
part of this chapter.

• Topology of model

No. Base Body Action Body Constraint type

1 Ground BD_01 Translational Joint
Table 7-3 List of Constraints in the multi-body model

7.1.3. Simulation goal

The simulation goal of this chapter is to find the frequency that the sympathetic vibration will
happened. And we will investigate that whether if the sympathetic vibration is happened at the
frequency of 10HZ.

Contents Entity
Performance The sudden rise of the displacement
Design parameters SINE_SWEEP function.
Table 7-4 Design problem

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7.2. Build model of case1

7.2.1. Define Design Variables

① Creation of Motion Function

At first, open the subsystem that we made in chapter 6. Then a motion function should be created
to simulate the frequency gradient force from 1HZ to 100HZ.. There is one motion function be
created, named "SINE_SWEEP", it be created to define the motion. We create the motion first and
then we import it to the “Translational Scalar Force”.
The function is writing as Table 7-5.

Function Name Expression

1 SINE_SWEEP SINE_SWEEP(TIME, 1.0,0.0,0.0,100.0,101.0,120.0,1)
Table 7-5 Function detail

The created function is shown as Figure 7-3 and we can see it in detail as Figure 7-4. We can see
that the vibration from 0 second is 0HZ, and as the time grows up, the vibration will grows up
together from 0HZ to 100HZ.

Figure 7-3 “SINE_SWEEP” dialog

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Figure 7-4 “SINE_SWEEP” dialog in detail

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7.2.2. Modify Constraint

① Remove the Initial Velocity

We modeling the model as a objects force-vibration model, so the next step is to remove the Initial
conditions for the translational joint as shown in Table 7-6 and Figure 7-5.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the translational joint to setting the initial condition for the
1
translational joint.
2 Select the combo box in the Type window to change the function type as “None”.
Table 7-6 Setting steps of the initial conditions

Figure 7-5 Setting the initial condition for the translational joint

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7.2.3. Create Force

① Creation of Translational Scalar Force

The Translational Scalar force is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 7-7. We
create the translational scalar force to simulation a frequency gradient force from 1HZ to 100HZ at
the top of the block.

Step How to do
Click “Translational Scalar” button from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open
1
the creation dialog of the translational scalar force.
2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the Spring force.
3 Pick “BD_01” on the screen to define the action body of the Spring force.
4 Set “Base Position” as “0.0, 0.0, 20.0”.
5 Set “Action Position” as “0.0, 0.0, 5.0”.
Table 7-7 Creation steps of the translational scalar force

② Set property of translational scalar force

Import the Force function to the translational scalar force as shown in Table 7-8 and Figure 7-6.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the “TSCALAR_01” to setting the function for the
1
“Translational Scalar Force”.
Select the combo box in the Type window to change the function type as “Standard
2
Scalar Force”.
Double-click "SINE_SWEEP" in the “Function List” to select it as “Force
3
Function”.
4 Click “OK” button.
Table 7-8 Applying steps of the force function

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Figure 7-6 Apply force function to the translational scalar force

③ Set property of translational spring force

The next step is to modify the spring coefficient as 3947.842 N/m as shown in Table 7-9.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the “TSPRING_01” to setting the initial condition for the
1
“Translational Spring”.
2 Input “3947.842/1000” in the “spring coefficient” windows.
Table 7-9 Setting steps of the spring force

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7.2.4. Simulation

① Analysis system

To find the frequency of sympathetic vibration, we should set the “Numerical damping” as 1 and
set the “Maximum stepsize” as 0.00001. The dynamics analysis can be carried out while practicing
the modeling steps in the Table 7-10 and Figure 7-7.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Input "101" in the “End time" window.
3 Input "10000" in the “Output step " window.
4 Change the file name as you want.
Click “Dynamic” button to change the values of “Maximum stepsize” and
5
“Numerical damping”.
6 Input “1” in the “Numerical damping” window.
7 Input “0.00001” in the “Maximum stepsize” window and run the simulation.
Table 7-10 Setting steps for simulation

Figure 7-7 Modification of parameters for simulation

② Post processing

After the simulation is finished, the post processor opened automatically. The displacement of the

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block can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Tables 7-11 and Figures 7-8.

Step How to do
1 Select the result filename in the “Object Navigator”.
2 Select the “BD_01” from all manual.
3 Select “Acceleration” from the objects.
4 Select “Z” in “Characteristic” window.
5 Click “Add Curve” button to create a curve.
Table 7-11 Steps for creating a plot view

Figure 7-8 Adding a curve in the plot view

The created curve is shown as Figure 7-9.

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Figure 7-9 Curve of Acceleration to Time of Case1

③ Effect Analysis of the resonant frequency: Case 1

To check which frequency does the sympathetic vibration happened, the Magnitude with
Frequency curve is created. Do the modeling steps as shown in Table 7-13 and Figure 7-16 to check
the peak frequency.

Step How to do
1 Select “FFT” window to check the Magnitude with Frequency curve.
Select the curve Figure 7-9 and click “Apply” button to create a Magnitude with
2
Frequency curve
Table 7-12 Steps for Create the Magnitude with Frequency curve

Figure 7-10 Create the Magnitude with Frequency curve

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The created curve is shown as Figure 7-11. And we can see the detail in Figure 7-12. It’s
obviously to see that the sympathetic vibration is happened at 10HZ exactly.

Figure 7-11 “Magnitude with Frequency” dialog

Figure 7-12 “Magnitude with Frequency” dialog in detail

The sympathetic vibration is happened at the frequency as same as the spring force that we settled
as 10HZ in a sample one body system. How about a complex system consisted by two body. The
result will be finding in next section.

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7.3. Build model of case 2

7.3.1. Create Body

① Creation of Block

The second Block is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 7-13.

Step How to do
Click “Block” button from the “Body” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the block.
2 Set the position as “-5, -5, 20”.
Table 7-13 Creation of Block

② Modify the quality of the Block

Modify the quality of “BD_02” as “1kg” while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 7-14 and
Figure 7-2.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of “BD_02”.
Select “User Input Mass Type ” to input the mass of new body immediately by
2
user.
3 Input “1” in the “Mass” window.
Table 7-14 Modify steps of the new body

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7.3.2. Create Constraints

① Creation of translational joint

One translational joint is created to connect between Ground and BD_02 while practicing the
modeling steps in the Table 7-15.

Step How to do
Click “Translational” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation dialog of the translational joint.
2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the translational joint.
3 Pick “BD_02” on the screen to define the action body of the translational joint.
4 Set the “Position” as “0, 0, 25”.
5 Set “Z-axis” as “+Z”.
Table 7-15 Creation steps of the translational joints

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7.3.3. Create Force

① Creation of spring force

One spring force is created to connect between BD_01 and BD_02 while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 7-16.

Step How to do
Click “Spring” from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation dialog
1
of the translational spring force.
2 Pick “BD_01” on the screen to define the base body of the translational spring force.
Pick “BD_02” on the screen to define the action body of the translational spring
3
force.
4 Set “Base Position” as “0, 0, 5”.
5 Set “Action Position” as “0, 0, 20”.
Table 7-16 Creation steps of the translational spring force

② Set property of translational spring force

The next step is to setting the spring coefficient for the translational spring force as shown in
Table 7-17.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the “TSPRING_02” to setting the initial condition for the
1
“Translational Spring”.
2 Input “3947.842/1000” in the “Spring Coefficient” windows.
3 Input “0” in the “Damping Coefficient” windows.
Table 7-17 Setting steps of the spring force

③ Creation of translational scalar force

The Translational Scalar force is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 7-18. We
create the translational scalar force to simulation a frequency gradient force from 1HZ to 100HZ at
the top of the second block.

Step How to do
Click “Translational Scalar” button from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open
1
the creation dialog of the translational scalar force.

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2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the Spring force.
3 Pick “BD_02” on the screen to define the action body of the Spring force.
4 Set “Base Position” as “0, 0, 45”.
5 Set “Action Position” as “0, 0, 30”.
Table 7-18 Creation steps of the translational scalar force

④ Modify of translational scalar force

Import the Force function to the TSCALAR_01 and disable TSCALAR_02 as shown in Table
7-19 and Figure 7-13.

Step How to do
Open the “Property” of the “TSCALAR_02” to setting the function for the
1
“Translational Scalar Force”.
Select the combo box in the Type window to change the function type as “Standard
2
Scalar Force”.
Double-click "SINE_SWEEP" in the “Function List” to select it as “Force
3
Function”.
4 Click “OK” button.
4 Disable “TSCALAR_01”.
Table 7-19 Applying steps of the T-scalar force

Figure 7-13 Apply force function to the translational scalar force

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7.3.4. Simulation

① Analysis system

To check the situation of resonant frequency of the composite object, we should change the file
name of result to distinguish the result 1. The dynamics analysis can be carried out while practicing
the modeling steps in the Table 7-20.

Step How to do
Click the drop down button of “Simulation” from the “Simulation” Tab to open the
1
setting dialog of the simulation.
2 Change the file name as you want and run the simulation.
Table 7-20 Setting steps for simulation

② Post processing

After the simulation is finished, the post processor opened automatically. The displacement of the
block can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Tables 7-21 and Figures 7-14.

Step How to do
1 Select the result filename in the “Object Navigator”.
2 Select the “BD_01” from all manual.
3 Select “Acceleration” from the objects.
4 Select “Z” in “Characteristic” window.
5 Click “Add Curve” button to create a curve.
Table 7-21 Steps for creating a plot view

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Figure 7-14 Adding a curve in the plot view

The created curve is shown as Figure 7-15.

Figure 7-15 Curve of Acceleration to Time of Case2

③ Effect Analysis of the resonant frequency: Case 2

At last, to check which frequency does the sympathetic vibration happened in the composite
object system, the Magnitude with Frequency curve is created. Do the modeling steps as shown in
Table 7-13 and Figure 7-16 to check the peak frequency.

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The created curve is shown as Figure 7-16. And we can see the detail in Figure 7-17.

Figure 7-16 “Magnitude with Frequency” dialog

Figure 7-17 Check the value of peak1

Figure 7-18 Check the value of peak2

The values of the two pick frequency can be read out as peak1=6.1788HZ, peak2=16.1799. These
results are as same as the values we calculate in 8.1.2 Theory of mode.

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