Distributed by ANSYS, Inc.

ANSYS Motion
Drivetrain
ANSYS, Inc.

Tutorial
 Drivetrain Tutorial ANSYS, Inc.

Contents
Chapter 1 Transmission 3
1.1. What do you learn ............................................................................................................... 3
1.2. Build Gear train................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1. Creation of New Model............................................................................................... 4
1.2.2. Creation of External Gear Set1 ................................................................................... 4
1.2.3. Creation of External Gear Set2 ................................................................................... 9
1.2.4. Creation of Bearings ................................................................................................. 12
1.2.5. Creation of Shaft Set1 ............................................................................................... 16
1.2.6. Creation of Shaft Set2 ............................................................................................... 21
1.2.7. Creation of FE Shaft Set ........................................................................................... 28
1.3. Build Model of Housing ................................................................................................... 37
1.3.1. Creation of Housing .................................................................................................. 37
1.3.2. Creation of FE body .................................................................................................. 38
1.3.3. Creation of Marker .................................................................................................... 40
1.3.4. Eigenvalue Analysis and Modal Data Import ........................................................... 42
1.3.5. Import Bearings ........................................................................................................ 46
1.3.6. Creation of Joint ........................................................................................................ 48
1.4. Simulation ......................................................................................................................... 50
1.4.1. Assembly Manager ................................................................................................... 50
1.4.2. Postprocessing, Acceleration and STFT ................................................................... 52

Chapter 2 Steering System 58

2.1. What do you learn ............................................................................................................. 58
2.2. Build Model of Rack and Pinion....................................................................................... 59
2.2.1. Creation of New Model............................................................................................. 59
2.2.2. Creation of Gear Set.................................................................................................. 60
2.2.3. Creation of Shaft Set ................................................................................................. 64
2.2.4. Creation of Sliding Bearing ...................................................................................... 69
2.2.5. Creation of Rolling Bearing ...................................................................................... 73
2.2.6. Creation of Revolute Joint ........................................................................................ 76
2.2.7. Creation of Pinion Dummy Mass.............................................................................. 76
2.2.8. Creation of Fixed Joint.............................................................................................. 78
2.3. Build Model of Housing ................................................................................................... 79
2.3.1. Creation of Housing .................................................................................................. 79
2.3.2. Creation of FE Body ................................................................................................. 80
2.3.3. Eigenvalue Analysis and Modal Data Import ........................................................... 81
2.3.4. Import Rolling Bearing ............................................................................................. 83
2.3.5. Creation of Bushing .................................................................................................. 84
2.4. Build Test Rig ................................................................................................................... 86
2.4.1. Creation of Tie Rod ................................................................................................... 86
2.4.2. Creation of Fixed Joint.............................................................................................. 87
2.4.3. Creation of Ball Joint ................................................................................................ 88
2.4.4. Creation of Revolute Joint ........................................................................................ 89
2.4.5. Creation of Bushing .................................................................................................. 89
2.4.6. Creation of Translational Scalar Force ...................................................................... 91
2.5. Build Yoke Model ............................................................................................................. 92
2.5.1. Creation of Body ....................................................................................................... 92
2.5.2. Creation of Cylindrical Joint ..................................................................................... 94
2.5.3. Creation of Fixed Joint.............................................................................................. 95

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2.5.4. Creation of Spring Force ........................................................................................... 96

2.5.5. Creation of FaceSet ................................................................................................... 98
2.5.6. Creation of Contact ................................................................................................... 99
2.6. Simulation ....................................................................................................................... 100
2.6.1. Simulation Parameters ............................................................................................ 100
2.6.2. Postprocessing and Analysis ................................................................................... 102

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Chapter 1 Transmission

1.1. What do you learn

This tutorial is helpful to users to learn about a modeling and analysis method of transmission by
using ANSYS Motion Drivetrain.

● Description of a tutorial model

The target model in this tutorial include 2-stage gear train, modal flexible housing, rolling bearing,
two beam shaft, modal flexible shaft, etc. This model is the simplest transmission. So, you can
understand about its mechanism and modeling method easily.

Figure 1-1 Transmission Model

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1.2. Build Gear train

You can run ANSYS Motion/Postprocessor as a stand-alone product or from within ANSYS
Motion/Preprocessor. To start ANSYS Motion /Postprocessor standalone, from the “Start” menu, point
to “Programs”, point to “ANSYS, Inc.” and then select ANSYS Motion Postprocessor. To start
ANSYS Motion /Postprocessor from within ANSYS Motion/Preprocessor, see ANSYS
Motion/Preprocessor manual.
Before starting this tutorial, copy and extract “Drive Train [Link]” file from “ANSYS installed
path\Motion\Document\” to user directory.

1.2.1. Creation of New Model

The empty Model file of “Drivetrain” subsystem can be created while practicing the modeling steps
in the Table 1-1 and Figure 1-2.
Chapter 4

Step How to do
1 Click “New Model…” to create the new Drivetrain model.
2 Select “Drivetrain” in the type category.
3 Enter the file name and select location of this model.
4 Click “OK” button to close the dialog of the new model.
5 Click “Finish” button to finish the step of creating subsystem.
Table 1-1 Creation steps of new model
Chapter 5

Chapter 6 Figure 1-2 “Create New Model” dialog

1.2.2. Creation of External Gear Set1

There is a pair of gears be created as shown in Figure 1-3. The gear set could be created while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-2 and Figure 1-4.

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Figure 1-3 “Gearset_01” model to be create

Step How to do
1 Select the inverted triangle button under the “Gear Set” icon to select the gear type.
2 Click “External” button in the dropdown list.
3 Modify the “Number of Gear” as “2”.
4 Click “Set” button to import the modified property.
5 Input the data of Gear Set as shown in the following figure.
6 Input “GearSet_01” in the “Name”.
7 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of creating Gear Set.
Table 1-2 Creation steps of the Gear Set

Figure 1-4 Creation of “GearSet_01”

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After “Apply” button be clicked the basic configuration of external gear is created and the
“GearSet_01.dfhgs” file will opened automatically.
And then you have to modify the gear parameter. ANSYS Motion/Drivetrain gear model use a thin
slice method, for this should be set the number of thin slice as shown in Table 1-3 and Figure 1-5.

Step How to do
1 Click “Show advanced option”.
2 Click “Advanced option” tab.
3 Input “90” in the “Number of Thin Slice”.
4 Click “Apply”.
Table 1-3 Steps for modifying advanced option

Figure 1-5 Input “Number of Thin Slice”

Modify the web parameters as shown in the Table 1-4 and Figure 1-6.

Step How to do
1 Click “Gears” icon in the “Subsystem Navigator”.
2 Click “Web” button in the gears properties window.
3 Modify the data of “Web Diameter (out)” as shown in the following figure.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of modifying the web diameter.
Table 1-4 Modification steps of the web diameter

■ Remark
The outer diameter of the web must be smaller than the root diameter. When changing the
tooth size, the root diameter may also change, so it is recommended to change the web
diameter before changing the tooth size.

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Figure 1-6 Web Diameter (out) to be modified

To modify the tooth size, modify parameters as shown in Table 1-5 and Figure 1-7.

Step How to do
1 Click “Reference Profile” button in the gears properties window.
2 Modify the data of “Tip Diameter” as shown in the following figure.
3 Modify the data of “Whole Depth” as shown in the following figure.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of modifying the tooth size.
Table 1-5 Modification steps of the tooth sizes

Figure 1-7 Tooth sizes to be modified

The tooth and web stiffness of both gears can be calculated as shown in the Table 1-6 and Figure 1-8.

Step How to do
1 Click “Tooth Stiffness” button in the gears properties window.
2 Check in the box before “Gear1” and “Gear2”.
3 Click “Calculate” button to calculate the tooth stiffness of both gears.
Table 1-6 Calculate steps of gear stiffness

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Figure 1-8 Stiffness of tooth to be calculated

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1.2.3. Creation of External Gear Set2

There is another pair of gears be created as shown in Figure 1-8. The gear set could be created while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-7 and Figure 1-10.

Figure 1-9 “Gearset_02” model to be create

Step How to do
1 Select the inverted triangle button under the “Gear Set” icon to select the gear type.
2 Click “External” button in the dropdown list.
3 Modify the “Number of Gear” as “2”.
4 Click “Set” button to import the modified property.
5 Input the data of Gear Set as shown in the following figure.
6 Input “GearSet_02” in the “Name” window.
7 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of creating Gear Set.
Table 1-7 Creation steps of the Gear Set

Figure 1-10 Creation of “GearSet_02”

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After “Apply” button be clicked the basic configuration of external gear is created and the
“GearSet_02.dfhgs” file will opened automatically.
And then you have to modify the gear parameter. ANSYS Motion/Drivetrain gear model use a thin
slice method, for this should be set the number of thin slice as shown in Table 1-8 and Figure 1-11.

Step How to do
1 Click “Show advanced option”.
2 Click “Advanced option” tab.
3 Input “90” in the “Number of Thin Slice”.
4 Click “Apply”.
Table 1-8 Steps for modifying advanced option

Figure 1-11 Input “Number of Thin Slice”

To modify the tooth size you could be modify the parameter as shown in the Table 1-9 and Figure
1-12, tooth and web stiffness of both gears can be calculated as shown in the Table 1-10 and Figure
1-13.

Step How to do
1 Click “Gears” icon in the “Subsystem Navigator”.
2 Click “Reference Profile” button in the gears properties window.
3 Modify the data of “Addendum Coefficient” as shown in the following figure.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of modifying the tooth size.
Table 1-9 Modification steps of the tooth sizes

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Figure 1-12 Tooth sizes to be modified

Step How to do
1 Click “Tooth Stiffness” button in the gears properties window.
2 Check in the box before “Gear1” and “Gear2”.
3 Click “Calculate” button to calculate the tooth stiffness of both gears.
Table 1-10 Calculate steps of gear stiffness

Figure 1-13 Stiffness of tooth to be calculated

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1.2.4. Creation of Bearings

There are six rolling bearings between housing and shaft should be made. One of the rolling bearing
could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-11 and Figure 1-14.

Step How to do
1 Click “Rolling” button in the dropdown list to create a rolling bearing
2 Select a “Catalog” as a data type.
3 Check all manufacturing company.
4 Select a bearing type.
Check filter option “Bore” , “Out diameter”.
5
And input the values.
6 Select a bearing (SKF – 6206)
7 Input “Bearing1st_L” in the “Name” window.
8 Click “Apply” button to finish the steps of create bearing.
Table 1-11 Creation steps of the rolling bearing

Figure 1-14 Create rolling bearing

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The created rolling bearing is shown as Figure 1-15.

Figure 1-15 Bearing graphic in designer

There is a bearing as same as the “Bearing1st_L” should be made. The rolling bearing could be
created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-12 and Figure 1-16.

Step How to do
Repeat the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th modeling steps as shown in the Figure 1-14 and
1
Table 1-11.
2 Input “Bearing1st_R” in the “Name”.
3 Click “Apply” button to finish the steps of create bearing.
Table 1-12 Creation steps of the rolling bearing

After the first group of bearing “Bearing1st_L” and “Bearing1st_R” should be made, there’s another
group of bearing should be made. This group of bearing could be created while practicing the
modeling steps in the Table 1-13, Figure 1-16 and Table 1-14.

Step How to do
1 Click “Rolling” button in the dropdown list to create a rolling bearing
2 Select a “Catalog” as a data type.
3 Check all manufacturing company.
4 Select a bearing type.
Check filter option “Bore” , “Out diameter”.
5
And input the values.
6 Select a bearing (NSK – 6232)
7 Input “Bearing2nd_L” in the “Name” window.
8 Click “Apply” button to finish the steps of create bearing.
Table 1-13 Creation steps of the rolling bearing

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Figure 1-16 Create rolling bearing

Step How to do
Repeat the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th modeling steps as shown in the Figure 1-14 and
1
Table 1-11.
2 Input “Bearing2nd_R” in the “Name”.
3 Click “Apply” button to finish the steps of create bearing.
Table 1-14 Creation steps of the rolling bearing

After the first and second group of bearing should be made, there’s a last group of bearing should
be made. This group of bearing could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-
15, Figure 1-17 and Table 1-16.

Step How to do
1 Click “Rolling” button in the dropdown list to create a rolling bearing
2 Select a “Catalog” as a data type.
3 Check all manufacturing company.
4 Select a bearing type.
Check filter option “Bore” , “Out diameter”.
5
And input the values.
6 Select a bearing (SKF – HR30207_J2_Q)
7 Input “Bearing3rd_L” in the “Name” window.
8 Click “Apply” button to finish the steps of create bearing.
Table 1-15 Creation steps of the rolling bearing

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Figure 1-17 Create rolling bearing

Step How to do
Repeat the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th modeling steps as shown in the Figure 1-17 and
1
Table 1-15.
2 Input “Bearing3rd_R” in the “Name”.
3 Click “Apply” button to finish the steps of create bearing.
Table 1-16 Creation steps of the rolling bearing

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1.2.5. Creation of Shaft Set1

There are three Shaft Sets should be created. One is used to connect the Pinion, another is used to
connect two Idle Gears and the other is used to connect the Final Gear. The first shaft could be created
while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-17 and Figure 1-18.

Step How to do
1 Select the inverted triangle button under the “Shaft Set” icon to select the shaft type.
2 Click “Simple” button in the dropdown list to create a normal shaft.
3 Input “0, 10, 0” in the “Position”.
4 Input “0, -1, 0” in the “Rotate Axis”.
5 Input “35” in the “Length”.
6 Input “15” in the “Diameter”.
7 Input “4” in the “Number of Section”.
8 Input “ShaftSet1st” in the “Name”.
9 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create shaft set.
Table 1-17 Creation steps of the Shaft Set

Figure 1-18 Creation of Shaft Set

After “Apply” button be clicked, the “[Link]” file will be opened automatically. The next
operation will be done in this file. There are 4 sections in the shaft. The size of each section could be
modified while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-18 and Figure 1-19. The modified shaft is
shown as Figure 1-20.

Step How to do
1 Select “Section_01” under shaft icon in the subsystem navigator.
2 Input “35” in the “Length”.

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3 Select the type of “Cross Section” as “HOLLOW/CIRCULAR”.

4 Input “30” in the “Outer Diameter” window and input “22.5” in the “Inner Diameter”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of modify.
To modify the size of second section, repeat 2nd, 3rd and 4th steps. In the first step select
6 “Section_02”, input “26.5” in the “Length”, input “33” in the “Outer Diameter” and
input “22.5” in the “Inner Diameter”.
To modify the size of second section, repeat 2nd, 3rd and 4th steps. In the first step select
7 “Section_03”, input “46.5” in the “Length”, input “38.5” in the “Outer Diameter” and
input “22.5” in the “Inner Diameter”.
To modify the size of second section, repeat 2nd, 3rd and 4th steps. In the first step select
8 “Section_04”, input “16” in the “Length”, input “30” in the “Outer Diameter” and
input “22.5” in the “Inner Diameter”.
Table 1-18 Modify steps of the shaft

Figure 1-19 Modify the size of sections

Figure 1-20 Modified Shaft

To combine the Pinion and the shaft the “Gear” function will be used. Pinion could be assembled
while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-19 and Figure 1-21. Assembled gear and shaft is
shown as Figure 1-22.

Step How to do
1 Click “Gear” button to assembly the created pinion.
2 Select “GearSet_01” under the “Name of Gear Set” section.
3 Input “85.5” in the “Offset”.

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4 Select the type of “Offset” as “middle”.

5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of add gear.
Table 1-19 Assembly steps of the pinion

Figure 1-21 Assembly the pinion

Figure 1-22 Assembled Pinion

After this step, two rolling bearings should be assembled to the shaft. The assembly steps could be

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done while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-20 and Figure 1-23.

Step How to do
1 Click “Rolling” button in the ribbon menu.
2 Select “Bearing1st_L” under the “Name of Bearing” section.
3 Input “18” in the “Offset” window.
4 Check the “ ” as the “Direction”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of assembly the rolling bearing
Table 1-20 Assembly steps of the rolling bearing

Figure 1-23 Assembly rolling bearing

Another bearing should be assembled to the shaft. The assembly steps could be done while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-21 and Figure 1-24.

Step How to do
1 Click “Rolling” button in the ribbon menu.
2 Select “Bearing1st_R” under the “Name of Bearing” section.
3 Input “124” in the “Offset”.
4 Select the type of “Offset” as “right”.
5 Check the “ ” as the “Direction”.
6 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of assembly the rolling bearing
Table 1-21 Assembly steps of the rolling bearing

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Figure 1-24 Assembly rolling bearing

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The “Power Load” should be created to setting the input torque. The creation steps could be done
while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-22 and Figure 1-25.

Step How to do
1 Click “Power Load” button in the ribbon menu.
2 Check the role type as “Input(rpm)”.
3 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create power load.
Table 1-22 Creation steps of the Power Load

Figure 1-25 Creation of Power Load

Assembled gear and bearing system is shown as Figure 1-26.

Figure 1-26 Assembled gear and bearing

1.2.6. Creation of Shaft Set2

After the first shaft set is created, the second shaft set should be creating to connect with Idles. The

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second shaft could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-23 and Figure 1-27.

Step How to do
1 Select the inverted triangle button under the “Shaft Set” icon to select the shaft type.
2 Click “Simple” button in the dropdown list to create a shaft.
3 Input “72.062, -1, 20.786” in the “Position”.
4 Input “0, -1, 0” in the “Rotate Axis”.
5 Input “35” in the “Length”.
6 Input “15” in the “Diameter”.
7 Input “3” in the “Number of Section”.
8 Input “ShaftSet2nd” in the “Name”.
9 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create shaft set.
Table 1-23 Creation steps of the Shaft Set

Figure 1-27 Creation of Shaft Set

After “Apply” button be clicked, the “[Link]” designer window will be opened,
automatically. The next operation will be done in this window. There are 3 sections in the shaft. The
size of each section could be modified while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-24 and Figure
1-28. The modified shaft is shown as Figure 1-29.

Step How to do
1 Select “Section_01” under shaft icon in the subsystem navigator.
2 Input “18” in the “Length”.
3 Select the type of “Cross Section” as “HOLLOW/CIRCULAR”.
4 Input “30” in the “Outer Diameter” window and input “20” in the “Inner Diameter”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of modify.
To modify the size of second section, repeat 2nd, 3rd and 4th steps. In the first step select
6 “Section_02”, input “40” in the “Length”, input “45” in the “Outer Diameter” and
input “20” in the “Inner Diameter”.
7 To modify the size of second section, repeat 2nd, 3rd and 4th steps. In the first step select

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“Section_03”, input “53” in the “Length”, input “30” in the “Outer Diameter” and
input “20” in the “Outer Diameter”.
Table 1-24 Modify steps of the shaft

Figure 1-28 Modify the size of sections

Figure 1-29 Modified Shaft

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To combine the Idles and the shaft the “Gear” function will be used. Two idles could be assembled
while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-25, Table 1-26, Figure 1-30 and Figure 1-31.
Assembled gear and shaft is shown as Figure 1-32.

Step How to do
1 Click “Gear” button to assembly the created gear.
2 Select “GearSet_01” under the “Name of Gear Set” section.
3 Input “74.5” in the “Offset”.
4 Select the type of “Offset” as “middle”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of add gear.
Table 1-25 Assembly steps of the idle1

Figure 1-30 Assembly the idle1

Step How to do
1 Click “Gear” button to assembly the created gear.
2 Select “GearSet_02” under the “Name of Gear Set” section.
3 Input “37” in the “Offset”.
4 Select the type of “Offset” as “middle”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of add gear.
Table 1-26 Assembly steps of the idle2

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Figure 1-31 Assembly the idle2

Figure 1-32 Assembled Idles

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After this step, two rolling bearings should be assembled to the shaft. The assembly steps could be
done while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-27 and Figure 1-33.

Step How to do
1 Click “Rolling” button in the ribbon menu.
2 Select “Bearing2nd_L” under the “Name of Bearing”.
3 Input “0.0” in the “Offset”.
4 Check the “ ” as the “Direction”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of assembly the rolling bearing
Table 1-27 Assembly steps of the rolling bearing

Figure 1-33 Assembly rolling bearing

Another bearing should be assembled to the shaft. The assembly steps could be done while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-27 and Figure 1-34.

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Step How to do
1 Click “Rolling” button in the ribbon menu.
2 Select “Bearing2nd_R” under the “Name of Bearing” section.
3 Input “111” in the “Offset” window.
4 Select the type of “Offset” as “right”.
5 Check the “ ” as the “Direction”.
6 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of assembly the rolling bearing
Table 1-28 Assembly steps of the rolling bearing

Figure 1-34 Assembly rolling bearing

Assembled gear and bearing system is shown as Figure 1-35.

Figure 1-35 Assembled gear and bearing

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1.2.7. Creation of FE Shaft Set

There is a FE body shaft should be created to connect with the final gear. The third shaft could be
created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-29, Table 1-30, Figure 1-36 and Figure 1-
37.

Step How to do
Select the inverted triangle button inside of the “Shaft set” button to select the housing
1
type.
2 Click “FE” button in the dropdown list to create shaft with FE Body.
3 Input the name of FE body shaft as “Differential”.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create bearing.
Table 1-29 Creation steps of housing

Figure 1-36 “Create FE shaft” dialog

The FE body can be created after the FE date file is imported. The FE date file can be imported
while practicing the creation steps in the Table 1-27 and Figure 1-37.

Step How to do
1 Click “FE Body” button in ribbon menu to import a FE file.
2 Click “ ” button to import a FE file.
3 Select “FE_diff.dat” file in “Drive Train Models\FE_diff.dat” folder to import it.
4 Input the name as “FE_Differential”.
5 Check the file name and click “Apply” button to finish the importing steps
Table 1-30 Importing steps to FE file

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Figure 1-37 “Select data File” dialog

After “Apply” button be clicked, the “FE_Differential.dfmesh” file will be created automatically.
Click “FE_Differential.dfmesh” tab in the upper side of working window before do the next step.
The created shaft is shown as Figure 1-38.

Figure 1-38 Created FE Shaft Set

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To use modal body, the eigenvalue analysis must be performed. The eigenvalue of the FE body must
be calculated while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-31 and Figure 1-39.

Step How to do
Click “Body Eigenvalue Simulation” button in the ribbon menu to open “Body
1
Eigenvalue” window.
2 Select “Static Correction Mode”.
3 Check “Auto” option.
Set the “Number of threads” as your CPU. For example, in the quad core CPU
4 machine, set the value to 4. This step is not obligate. Since the Mode Data file is very
large, this step can reduce your time cost.
5 Click “Simulation” button to start analysis.
Table 1-31 Analysis steps of the FE body eigenvalue

Figure 1-39 “Body Eigenvalue Simulation” dialog

After the FE body eigenvalue be analyzed, the eigenvalue of the FE body could be imported while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-32 and

Figure 1-40.

Step How to do

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1 Click “FE Data” button in ribbon menu to import a Modal Data.

2 Click “ ” button to import the Modal Data.
Select the “FEBODY_001.dfmf” file in the “FE_Differential” folder and click “Open”
3
button.
4 Click “OK” button to finish the importing steps.
Table 1-32 Import steps of the FE body eigenvalue

Figure 1-40 “Import Modal Data” dialog

The creation steps of FE shaft will be finished after check the body type as “Modal” in the
“Differential” shaft designer window. Noticed that there are several kind of designer window can be
create in the Drivetrain system. Just like shaft designer window, designer window extension is
([Link]), gear designer window ([Link]), bearing designer window ([Link]). We can check
the body type as shown in the Table 1-33 and

Figure 1-41.

Step How to do
Click “[Link]” to active shaft designer window in the upper side of
1
operation window.
2 Check the body type as “Modal”.

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3 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of change the body type.
Table 1-33 Change the body type

Figure 1-41 “Change body type” dialog

By defining the start and end points of the FE Shaft as shown in Table 1-34 and Figure 1-42, you
can check the output of the FE Shaft in the Postprocessor.

Step How to do
1 Click “Component Analysis” button in the FE Shaft Set properties window.
2 Click “Pick” button to pick the “Start Point” as “FRBE_002”.
3 Click “Pick” button to pick the “End Point” “FRBE_003”.
Click “Apply” button to finish the step of defining the start and end points of the FE
4
Shaft Set.
Table 1-34 Define the start and end points of the FE Shaft Set

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Figure 1-42 Define the start and end points of the FE Shaft Set

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Do the operations as we do in the last section to combine the Finial gear and the FE shaft. The
import steps in the FE body shaft are different with the steps in general shaft. Final gear could be
assembled while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-35 and Figure 1-43.

Step How to do
1 Click “Gear” button to assembly the Gear.
2 Select “GearSet_02” under the “Name of Gear Set” section.
Click “Pick” button to pick the highlighted RBE as shown in the figure. The gear will
3
be created in the center of the master point.
4 Set the “Z-axis” as “0, -1, 0”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of add gear.
Table 1-35 Assembly steps of the pinion

Figure 1-43 Assembly the gear

The last two rolling bearings should be assembled to the shaft. The assembly steps could be done
while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-36, Table 1-37, Figure 1-44. The imported bearings
are in the center of RBE.

Step How to do
1 Click “Bearing” button to assembly the created rack.

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2 Select “Bearing3rd_L” under the “Name of Bearing” section.

Click “Pick” button to pick the “FRBE_002”. The bearing will be created in the center
3
of the master point.
4 Set the “Z-axis” as “0, 1, 0”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of “Add bearing”.
Table 1-36 Assembly steps of the rolling bearing (Bearing3rd_L)

Figure 1-44 Assembly rolling bearing

Repeat steps for “Bearing3rd_R”.

Step How to do
1 Click “Bearing” button to assembly the inner raceway of bearing.
2 Select “Bearing3rd_R” under the “Name of Bearing” section.
Click “Pick” button to pick the FRBE_003. The bearing will be created in the center
3
of the master point.
4 Set the “Z-axis” as “0, -1, 0”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of “Add bearing”.
Table 1-37 Assembly steps of the rolling bearing (Bearing3rd_R)
The “Power Load” should be created to setting the output torque. The creation steps could be done
while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-38 and Figure 1-45.

Step How to do
1 Click “Power Load” button in the ribbon menu.

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2 Click “RBE” button to pick “FRBE_001”.

3 Set the “Z-axis” as “0, -1, 0”.
4 Check the role type as “Output(Nm)”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create power load.
Table 1-38 Creation steps of the Power Load

Figure 1-45 Creation of Power Load

Assembled gear and bearing system is shown as Figure 1-46.

Figure 1-46 Assembled gear and bearing

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1.3. Build Model of Housing

1.3.1. Creation of Housing
A Housing part with FE body should be created. The housing part can be created while practicing
the modeling steps in the Table 1-39 and Figure 1-47.

Step How to do
Select the inverted triangle button inside of the “Housing” button to select the housing
1
type.
2 Click “FE” button in the dropdown list to create housing with FE Body.
3 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create bearing.
Table 1-39 Creation steps of housing

Figure 1-47 “Create Housing” dialog

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1.3.2. Creation of FE body

The FE body can be created after the FE date file is imported. The FE date file can be imported
while practicing the creation steps in the Table 1-40 and Figure 1-48.

Step How to do
1 Click “FE Body” button in ribbon menu to import a FE file.
2 Click “ ” button to import a FE file.
3 Select “FE_Housing.dat” file in “Drive Train Models” folder to import it.
4 Input the name as “FE_Housing”.
5 Check the file name and click “Apply” button to finish the importing steps
Table 1-40 Import steps to FE file

Figure 1-48 “Select data File” dialog

After “Apply” button be clicked, the “FE_Housing.dfmesh” file will be created automatically. The
created housing is shown as Figure 1-49.

To set the static correction mode condition, should change RBE property as shown in below table
and figure.

Step How to do
1 Select RBE from FRBE_007 to FRBE_024. And open the property dialog.
2 Unchecking “Use in Static Correction Mode”.
3 Click “OK” button.
Table 1-41 Set the correction mode condition

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Figure 1-49 Created housing

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1.3.3. Creation of Marker

The acceleration of each point on the housing can be calculated automatically if there’s a marker be
created to measure the position. There are 3 markers to create. The Maker base on node can be created
while practicing the creation steps in the Table 1-42, Figure 1-50 and Figure 1-51.

Step How to do
1 Click “Marker on Node” button in ribbon menu to create a marker.
2 Click any node to create a maker.
3 Click “OK” button.
4 Select MK_001 and open the property dialog.
5 Change the “Node” as 102187
6 Click “OK” button.
To create MK_002 and MK_003, repeat the steps from step1 to step6.
Sequences of nodes are as following
7
MK_002 : 100567
MK_003 : 108402
Table 1-42 Creation steps of marker

Figure 1-50 Create marker

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Figure 1-51 Created marker

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1.3.4. Eigenvalue Analysis and Modal Data Import

To use modal body, the eigenvalue analysis must be performed. The eigenvalue of the FE body must
be calculated while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-43 and Figure 1-52.

Step How to do
Click “Body Eigenvalue Simulation” button in the ribbon menu to open “Body
1
Eigenvalue” window.
2 Select “Static Correction Mode”.
3 Check “Auto” option.
Set the “Number of threads” as your CPU. For example, in the quad core CPU
4 machine, set the value to 4. This step is not obligate. Since the Mode Data file is very
large, this step can reduce your time cost.
5 Click “Simulation” button to start analysis.
Table 1-43 Analysis steps of the FE body eigenvalue

Figure 1-52 “Body Eigenvalue Simulation” dialog

After the FE body eigenvalue be analyzed, the eigenvalue of the FE body could be imported while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-44 and Figure 1-53.

Ste
How to do
p
1 Click “FE Data” button in ribbon menu to import a Modal Data.
2 Click “ ” button to import the Modal Data.
Select the “FEBODY_001.dfmf” file in the “FE_Housing” folder and click “Open”
3
button.
4 Click “OK” button to finish the importing steps.
Table 1-44 Import steps of the FE body eigenvalue

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Figure 1-53 “Import Modal Data” dialog

The creation steps of FE shaft will be finished after check the body type as “Modal” in the
“Housing_01” housing designer window. We can check the body type as shown in the Table 1-45
and Figure 1-54.

Step How to do
Click “Housing_01.dfhfh” to active FE housing designer window in the upper side of
1
operation window.
2 Check the body type as “Modal”.
3 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of change the body type.
Table 1-45 Change the body type

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Figure 1-54 “Change body type” dialog

Open the FE_housing.dfmesh file. And modify modal damping as shown in the Table 1-46 and
Figure 1-55.

Step How to do
1 Open the FE_housing.dfmesh file.
2 Click “Mode” tab to check the modal properties.
3 Select all mode properties.(Ctrl + A)
4 Click “ ” icon.
5 Select “Stiffness Proportional Ratio”
6 In put “0.00001” and click “OK”
Table 1-46 Modify the modal properties

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Figure 1-55 Modifying modal damping

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1.3.5. Import Bearings

After the housing is created, 6 outer raceways of rolling bearings should be connected with the
housing. All the bearings could be imported while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-47
and Figure 1-56. Outer raceways of the rolling bearings will connect with the RBEs of housing. Name
and position of each RBE will be introduced in the Figure 1-56.

Step How to do
Click “Housing_01.dfhfh” to active FE housing designer window in the upper side of
1
operation window.
2 Click “Rolling” button to assembly the bearing.
3 Select the name of bearing to import under the “Name of Bearing” section.
Click “RBE” button to pick “Housing_FE/FRBE_001”. The bearing will be created
4
in the center of the master point.
5 Set the “Z-axis” as “0, 1, 0”.
6 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of “Add bearing”.
Repeat the import steps from step2 to step6. The detail of assembly in formation of
7
each bearing to import is shown in the Table 1-48.
Table 1-47 Assembly steps of the rolling bearing

Figure 1-56 Assembly rolling bearing

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Bearing RBE Z-axis

Bearing1st_L Housing_FE/FRBE_001 0, -1, 0
Bearing1st_R Housing_FE/FRBE_025 0, 1, 0
Bearing2nd_
Housing_FE/FRBE_002 0, -1, 0
L
Bearing2nd_
Housing_FE/FRBE_005 0, 1, 0
R
Bearing3rd_L Housing_FE/FRBE_003 0, 1, 0
Bearing3rd_R Housing_FE/FRBE_004 0, -1, 0
Table 1-48 Assembly information of bearings

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1.3.6. Creation of Joint

There is one fixed joint should be created between housing and ground. The fixed joints could be
created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-49 and Figure 1-58. Notice that before
the modeling steps please come back to the main subsystem, next operation should be done in the
main subsystem.

Step How to do
Click “Fixed” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the fixed joint.
2 Pick “Ground” on the screen to define the base body of the fixed joint.
3 Pick “FRBE_006” on the screen to define the action body of the fixed joint.
4 Click “Position” button to select the position.
Right-click the master point of “FRBE_006” on the screen and click the “Pick List”
5
button.
6 Click “DP_026” to pick the position of the master point.
7 Click “PICK” button.
8 Input “FJ_Housing” in the “Name”.
9 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of “Create the fixed joint”.
Table 1-49 Creation steps of the fixed joint

Figure 1-57 Creation of the fixed joint

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Figure 1-58 Created fixed joint

All the modeling steps have been done until this step. In the next section, we will check the
simulation of our model.

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1.4. Simulation
1.4.1. Assembly Manager
In this section, we will set the Power Flow at first. Then setting the Output Request to check the
data we want. After the Power Flow and Output Request are settled, dynamics analysis can be carried
out. The operation can be done while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-50 and Figure 1-
59.

Step How to do
Click “Assembly Manager” button from the “Drivetrain” Tab in the ribbon menu to
1
open the creation dialog of the Assembly Manager.
2 Click “Power Flow” button to setting the input and output condition.
Select the Simulation type as “Acceleration”.
3 - Input 1000 in “Sampling Frequency”.
- Input 5 in “End time”.
4 Click “ ” button to input the “Result Name”.
Input the input condition as showing in the following figure.
- Input 50 in “Input Power”.
- Input 1000 in “Max torque”.
5 - Input 5.0 in “Duration”
- Input 0.0 in “Start speed(RPM)”.
- Input 5000 in “End speed(RPM)”.
- Input 100 in “Number of interpolation data”.
6 Check in the box before the shaft set.
7 Check in the box before the gear pair.
8 Click “Power Flow Check” button.
9 Click “Request” button to setting the output request.
10 Check in the box before the 3 marker we created in the housing system.
11 Click “Power Flow” button back to the “Power Flow” window.
12 Click “Simulation” button to run the simulation.
Table 1-50 Setting steps of Assembly Manager

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Figure 1-59 Set the Power Flow conditions and the Output Request and Simulation

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1.4.2. Postprocessing, Acceleration and STFT

After the simulation is finished, the post processor automatically is opened. The acceleration of
marker we created on the FE housing can be plotted while practicing the operations in the Table 1-
51 and Figure 1-60.

Step How to do
Click the “STFT” button in the “Drivetrain” to draw the acceleration curve in different
1
frequency. The “Waterfall” window will be opened automatically after click.
2 Check the result.
Check in the box between “/AssemblyManager/MK_002_Acceleration/ACCY”. This
3
step means that we want to check the acceleration of MK_002 in Y-direction.
4 Input “3000” in the “Sampling Frequency” window.
5 Select “16384” in “nFFT” window.
6 Input “0.1” in the “Start” window.
7 Input “5.0” in the “End” window.
Click the “+” button. Then, the acceleration curve with different frequency will be
8
created in the plot view.
Table 1-51 Steps for adding an acceleration curve

Figure 1-60 Add the curve of acceleration

After the “Export” button be clicked the acceleration figure will opened automatically as Figure 1-
61.

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Figure 1-61 STFT color map of Acceleration for MK_002 in Y-direction

The gear load distribution can be analyzed by TCP as shown in the Table 1-52 and Figure 1-62.

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Figure 1-62 Create TCP color map

Step How to do
1 Click the “TCP” button to draw the color map of load distribution.
2 Select a result file.
3 Select “GearSet_01”.
4 Check the gear set and click the “+”.
Table 1-52 Steps for creating TCP color map

After the “Export” button is clicked the load distribution of the first gear is shown as Figure 1-63.
The contact area leans to left side.

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Figure 1-63 TCP color map of load distribution (GearSet_01)

Modify the GearSet_01 specification in the gear set designer to increase the gear contact area. If
contact area is increased, you can anticipate the improvement of vibration characteristics. The
operation can be done while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 1-53 and Figure 1-64.

Figure 1-64 Tooth modification

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Step How to do
1 Input “5” in the “Profile Crown”.
2 Input “-10” in the “Profile Slope”.
3 Input “1” in the “Lead Crown”.
4 Input “-2” in the “Lead Slope”.
5 Click “Apply”.
Table 1-53 Steps for modification

Repeat the steps we do in the Table 1-52 and Figure 1-62. The modified TCP color map of load
distribution can be displayed as shown in the Figure 1-65. You can show the increasing contact area.

Figure 1-65 TCP color map of load distribution (modified)

When the contact area of GearSet_01 is increased, the vibration magnitude of GMF(GearSet_01) is
decreased compare with the base model as shown in the Figure 1-66.

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Figure 1-66 STFT color map of Acceleration for MK_002 in Y-direction (improved)

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Chapter 2 Steering System

2.1. What do you learn

This tutorial is useful to learn about a modeling method of and analysis method of steering system.
And understand the rattle phenomenon of steering system, find the improvement.
The rattle noise comes from the contact between rack and pinion. It is more lager when the gap
occurs between rack and pinion. One of the methods for improvement is to increase the preload of
support yoke. After complete this tutorial, you will see the improvement.

● Description of a tutorial model

Figure 2-1 Rack and Pinion Model

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2.2. Build Model of Rack and Pinion

Before starting this tutorial, copy and extract “Drive Train [Link]” file from ‘ANSYS installed
path\Motion\Document\’ to user directory.

2.2.1. Creation of New Model

The empty Model file of “Drivetrain” subsystem can be created while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 2-1 and Figure 2-2.

Step How to do
1 Click “New Model…” to create the new Drivetrain model.
2 Select “Drivetrain” in the type category.
3 Enter the file name and select location of this model.
4 Click “OK” button to close the dialog of the new model.
5 Click “Finish” button to finish the step of creating subsystem.
Table 2-1 Creation steps of new model

Figure 2-2 “Create New Model” dialog

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2.2.2. Creation of Gear Set

There is a pair of gears be created as shown in Figure 2-3. One gear is rack type and another gear
type is pinion. The gear set could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-2 and
Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-3 “Rack And Pinion” model to be create

Step How to do
1 Click “Rack And Pinion” button in the dropdown list.
2 Input the data of Gear Set as shown in the following figure.
3 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of creating Gear Set.
Table 2-2 Creation steps of the Gear Set

Figure 2-4 Creation of “Rack And Pinion”

After “Apply” button be clicked the basic configuration of rack and pinion is created and the
“RackPSet_01.dfhgsrp” file will opened automatically. In this window the data of tooth size could
be modify as shown in the Table 2-3, Figure 2-5, Table 2-4 and Figure 2-6, tooth and web stiffness
of both gear can be calculated as shown in the Table 2-5 and Figure 2-7.

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Step How to do
1 Click “Gears” icon in the “Subsystem Navigator” window.
2 Click “Reference Profile” button in the gears properties window.
3 Modify the data of “Addendum Coefficient” as shown in the following figure.
4 Modify the data of “Dedendum Coefficient” as shown in the following figure.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of modifying the tooth size.
Table 2-3 Modification steps of the tooth sizes

Figure 2-5 Tooth sizes to be modified

Step How to do
1 Click “Basic Involute” button in the gears properties window.
2 Modify the data of “Rack Tooth Thickness” as shown in the following figure.
3 Click “Apply” button.
Table 2-4 Rack Tooth Thickness to be modified

Figure 2-6 Rack Tooth Thickness to be modified

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Step How to do
1 Click “Show advanced option” button in the gears properties window.
2 Check “Open Property” button.
3 Select “Action & Base Points.
Table 2-5 Contact properties

Figure 2-6 Contact properties

Step How to do
1 Click “Tooth Stiffness” button in the gears properties window.
2 Check in the box before Pinion and Rack.
3 Click “Calculate” button to calculate the tooth stiffness of both gears.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of calculate tooth stiffness.
5 Click “Web” button in the gears properties window.
6 Check in the circle before “Beam” as shown in the figure.
7 Click “Calculate” button to calculate the stiffness of web.

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8 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of calculate web stiffness.

Table 2-5 Calculate steps of gear stiffness

Figure 2-7 Stiffness of tooth and web to be calculated

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2.2.3. Creation of Shaft Set

There are two Shaft Set should be created. One shaft is used to connect the rack gear, and one shaft
is used to connect the pinion shaft. The first shaft could be created while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 2-6 and Figure 2-8. The created shaft is shown as Figure 2-9.

Step How to do
1 Click “Simple” button in the dropdown list to create a normal shaft.
2 Input “146, -345, -60” in the “Position” window.
3 Input “0, 1, 0” in the “Rotate Axis” window.
4 Input “9.1834” in the “Length” window.
5 Input “28” in the “Diameter” window.
6 Input “1” in the “Number of Section” window.
7 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create shaft set.
Table 2-6 Creation steps of the Shaft Set

Figure 2-8 Creation of Shaft Set

Figure 2-9 Created Shaft

To combine the rack and the shaft the “Rack” function will be used. Rack could be assembled while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-7 and Figure 2-10. Assembled rack and shaft is shown
as Figure 2-11.

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Step How to do
1 Click “Rack” button to assembly the created rack.
2 Select the Gear type as “Rack” in the “Add rack/pinion” window.
3 Input “198.49” in the “Initial Angle” window.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of add rack.
Table 2-7 Assembly steps of the rack

Figure 2-10 Assembly the rack

Figure 2-11 Assembled rack and shaft

To add a shaft behind the rack, the steps in the Table 2-8 and Figure 2-12 should be done. Created
shaft is shown as Figure 2-13.

Step How to do
1 Click “Add” button to add a section of shaft.
2 Input “540” in the “Length” window.
3 Input “28” in the “Diameter” window.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of add shaft.
Table 2-8 Add steps of the shaft

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Figure 2-12 Add a section of shaft

Figure 2-13 Added shaft

After the first shaft set is created, the second shaft set should be creating to connect with pinion.
The second shaft could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-9 and Figure 2-
14 as we do in the start of this section.

Step How to do
1 Select the inverted triangle button under the “Shaft Set” icon to select the shaft type.
2 Click “Simple” button in the dropdown list to create a normal shaft.
3 Input “114.55047, -215.27266, -95.689148” in the “Position” window.
4 Input “0.31248044, -0.17365025, 0.93391732” in the “Rotate Axis” window.
5 Input “203” in the “Length” window.
6 Input “20” in the “Diameter” window.
7 Input “3” in the “Number of Section” window.
8 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create shaft set.
Table 2-9 Creation steps of the Shaft Set-2

Figure 2-14 Modify the size of sections

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There 3-sections are made in the shaft. The size of each section could be modified while practicing
the modeling steps in the Table 2-10 and Figure 2-15 as we do in the start of this section.

Step How to do
1 Select “Section_01” under shaft icon in the subsystem navigator.
2 Input “17.5” in the “Length” window.
3 Input “10” in the “Diameter” window.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of modify.
To modify the size of second section, repeat 2nd, 3rd, 4thsteps. In the first step select
5
“Section_02”, input “49” in the “Length”, input “16” in the “Diameter” window.
To modify the size of third section, repeat 2nd, 3rd, 4thsteps. In the first step select
6
“Section_03”, input “150” in the “Length”, input “20” in the “Diameter” window.
Table 2-10 Modify steps of the shaft

Figure 2-15 Modify the size of sections

To combine the pinion and the shaft the “Rack” function will be used again. Pinion could be
assembled while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-11 and Figure 2-16. Assembled pinion
and shaft is shown as Figure 2-17.

Step How to do
1 Click “Rack” button to assembly the created rack.
2 Select the Gear type as “Pinion” in the “Add rack/pinion” window.
3 Input “17.5” in the “Offset” window.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of add rack.
Table 2-11 Assembly steps of the pinion

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Figure 2-16 Assembled Pinion and shaft

Figure 2-17 Added shaft

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2.2.4. Creation of Sliding Bearing

There is one sliding bearing between housing and rack bar should be made. One of the sliding
bearing could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-12 and Figure 2-18.

Step How to do
Select the inverted triangle button inside of the “bearing” button to select the bearing
1
type.
2 Click “Sliding” button in the dropdown list to create a sliding bearing
3 Input “360” in the “Arc Angle” window.
4 Input “25” in the “Length” window.
5 Input “4” in the “Thickness” window.
6 Input “28” in the “Inner Radius” window.
7 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create bearing.
Table 2-12 Creation steps of the sliding bearing

Figure 2-18 Create sliding bearing

The created sliding bearing is shown as Figure 2-19.

Figure 2-19 Create sliding bearing

After this step, the sliding bearing should be assembled to the rack bar. The assembly steps could
be done while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-13 and Figure 2-20.

Step How to do

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1 Click “Shaftset_01.dfhss” button to back to the shaft set 1 operation window.

2 Click “Sliding” button in the ribbon menu.
3 Input “585” in the “Offset” window.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of assembly the sliding bearing
Table 2-13 Assembly steps of the sliding bearing

Figure 2-20 Assembly sliding bearing

Assembled sliding bearing is shown as Figure 2-21.

Figure 2-21 Assembled sliding bearing

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Second sliding bearing could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-14 and
Figure 2-22.

Step How to do
Select the inverted triangle button inside of the “bearing” button to select the bearing
1
type.
2 Click “Sliding” button in the dropdown list to create a sliding bearing
3 Input “160” in the “Arc Angle” window.
4 Input “35” in the “Length” window.
5 Input “5” in the “Thickness” window.
6 Input “28” in the “Inner Radius” window.
7 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create bearing.
Table 2-14 Creation steps of the sliding bearing

Figure 2-22 Create sliding bearing

The created sliding bearing is shown as Figure 2-23.

Figure 2-23 Create sliding bearing

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After this step, the sliding bearing should be assembled to the rack bar. The assembly steps could
be done while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-15 and Figure 2-24.

Step How to do
1 Click “Shaftset_01.dfhss” button to back to the shaft set 1 operation window.
2 Click “Sliding” button in the ribbon menu.
3 Input “104.5” in the “Offset” .
4 Input “100” in the “Start Angle”.
5 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of assembly the sliding bearing
Table 2-15 Assembly steps of the sliding bearing

Figure 2-24 Assembly sliding bearing

Assembled sliding bearing is shown as Figure 2-25.

Figure 2-25 Assembled sliding bearing

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2.2.5. Creation of Rolling Bearing

There is one rolling bearing between housing and pinion shaft should be made. One of the rolling
bearing could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-16 and Figure 2-26.

Step How to do
Select the inverted triangle button inside of the “bearing” button to select the bearing
1
type.
2 Click “Rolling” button in the dropdown list to create a radial ball bearing.
3 Select “Catalog” for data type.
4 Check all company.
5 Select “Deep Groove Ball bearing” for bearing type.
6 Set the range of bearing specifications.
7 Select a bearing (SKF-16004)
8 Input “Column_bearing” for bearing name.
9 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create bearing.
Table 2-16 Creation steps of the rolling bearing

Figure 2-26 Create rolling bearing

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The created rolling bearing is shown as Figure 2-27.

Figure 2-27 Create rolling bearing

After this step, the rolling bearing should be assembled to the pinion bar. The assembly steps could
be done while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-17 and Figure 2-28.

Step How to do
1 Click “Shaftset_02.dfhss” button to back to the shaft set 2 operation window.
2 Click “Rolling” button in the ribbon menu.
3 Select the Raceway type as “Inner Raceway”.
4 Input “79” in the “Offset”.
5 Select the type of “Offset” as “middle”.
6 Check the “ ” as the “Direction”.
7 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of assembly the rolling bearing
Table 2-17 Assembly steps of the rolling bearing

Figure 2-28 Assembly rolling bearing

Assembled inner raceway of rolling bearing is shown as Figure 2-29.

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Figure 2-29 Assembled rolling bearing

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2.2.6. Creation of Revolute Joint

There is a revolute joint between ground and pinion as shown in the Figure 2-30. The revolute joint
could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-18. The detail information of
Revolute joint is shown in the Table 2-19.

Step How to do
Click “Revolute” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the revolute joint.
2 Pick “Ground ” to define the base body.
3 Pick “Pinion ” on the screen to define the action body.
4 Click the circle to pick the center point of Pinion.
5 Select the direction as “ ” as shown in Figure 2-30.
Table 2-18 Creation steps of the revolute joints

Name Base Entity Action Entity Position Z-axis

182.20249, - 0.31248044, -
RJ_Pinion_1 /Ground /ShaftSet_02 252.86794, 0.17365025,
106.50395 0.93391732
Table 2-19 revolute joints of Pinion

Figure 2-30 Create revolute joint

We set B as base body, set A as action body, set the center of the circle as Position, and set as
Direction.
2.2.7. Creation of Pinion Dummy Mass
There is one cylinder body to create. This body is used to provide the moment of inertia of pinion.
The cylinder bodies could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-20. Then set
the property of “Pinion_Dummy_Mass” as shown in the Figure 2-31.

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Step How to do
Click “Cylinder” from the “Body” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation dialog
1
of the cylinder body.
2 Input “154.07925, -237.23942, 22.451392” as the “Bottom Position”.
3 Input “149.39204, -234.63466, 8.4426328” as the “Top Position”.
4 Input the “20" as the “Radius”.
Table 2-20 Creation steps of the cylinder bodies

Figure 2-31 Pinion Dummy Property

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2.2.8. Creation of Fixed Joint

There’s one fixed joint to be create, the fixed joint is between ShaftSet2 and the pinion dummy body.
The fixed joint can be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-21 and Figure 2-32.

Step How to do
Click “Fixed” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the fixed joint.
2 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the base body of the fixed joint.
3 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the action body of the fixed joint.
4 Select the design point that shown in Table 2-22 as the position.
Table 2-21 Creation steps of the fixed joints

Figure 2-32 Fixed Joint of Pinion Dummy

Name Base Entity Action Entity Position

FJ_Pinion_Dumm 151.73565, -235.93704,
ShaftSet_02 Pinion_Dummy_Mass
y_Mass 15.447012
Table 2-22 Fixed Joint of Pinion Dummy

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2.3. Build Model of Housing

2.3.1. Creation of Housing
A Housing part with FE body should be created. The housing part can be created while practicing
the modeling steps in the Table 2-23 and Figure 2-33.

Step How to do
Select the inverted triangle button inside of the “Housing” button to select the housing
1
type.
2 Click “FE” button in the dropdown list to create housing with FE Body.
3 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of create bearing.
Table 2-23 Creation steps of housing

Figure 2-33 “Create Housing” dialog

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2.3.2. Creation of FE Body

The FE body can be created after the FE date file is imported. The FE date file can be imported
while practicing the creation steps in the Table 2-24 and Figure 2-34.

Step How to do
1 Click “FE Body” button in ribbon menu to import a FE file.
2 Click “ ” button to import a FE file.
3 Select “Steering_Housing.dat” file in “Drive Train Models” folder to import it.
4 Input the name as “FE_Housing”.
5 Check the file name and click “Apply” button to finish the importing steps.
Table 2-24 Importing steps to FE file

Figure 2-34 “Select data File” dialog

After “Apply” button be clicked, the “FE_Housing.dfmesh” file will be created automatically. Click
“Mesh_001” file in the upper side of operation window before do the next step.

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2.3.3. Eigenvalue Analysis and Modal Data Import

Before we use modal body the eigenvalue of the FE body should be calculated. The eigenvalue of
the FE body could be calculated while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-25 and Figure 2-
35.

Step How to do
Click “Body Eigenvalue Simulation” button in the ribbon menu to open “Body
1
Eigenvalue” window.
2 Select “Static Correction Mode”.
3 Check “Auto” option.
Set the “Number of threads” as your CPU. For example, in the quad core CPU
4 machine, set the value to 4. This step is not obligate. Since the Mode Data file is very
large, this step can reduce your time cost.
5 Click “Simulation” button to start analysis.
Table 2-25 Analysis steps of the FE body eigenvalue

Figure 2-35 “Body Eigenvalue Simulation” dialog

After the FE body eigenvalue be analyzed, the eigenvalue of the FE body could be imported while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-26 and Figure 2-36.

Step How to do
1 Click “FE Data” button in ribbon menu to import a Modal Data.
2 Click “ ” button to import the Modal Data.
Select the “FEBODY_001.dfmf” file in the “FE_Housing” folder and click “Open”
3
button.
4 Click “OK” button to finish the importing steps.
Table 2-26 Import steps of the FE body eigenvalue

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Figure 2-36 “Import Modal Data” dialog

Last step, the Stiffness Proportional Ratio of Mode should be activity. This step will reduce the
damping value of the Modal body. The operation could be done while practicing the modeling steps
in the Table 2-27 and Figure 2-37.

Step How to do
1 Click “Mode” button in the lower Menu.
2 Select the Mode from NO.7 to the last one.
3 Click “ ” button to modify the damping properties.
4 Check “Stiffness Proportional Ratio” to use ration value control the damping.
5 Input value as “0.001”
6 Click “OK” button to finish the modify steps of damping value.
Table 2-27 Modify steps of the Damping value

Figure 2-37 Modify damping value by Stiffness Proportional Ratio

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2.3.4. Import Rolling Bearing

After the housing is created, outer raceway of rolling bearing should be connected with the housing.
Outer raceway of the rolling bearing will connect with the RBE of housing.

Step How to do
Click “Housing_01.dfhfh” to active FE housing designer window in the upper side of
1
operation window.
2 Click “Rolling” button to assembly the bearing.
3 Select “Column_bearing”
Click “RBE” button to pick “FE_Housing/FRBE_005”. The bearing will be created
4
in the center of the master point.
5 Set the “Z-axis” as “0.31248044, -0.17365025, 0.93391732”.
6 Click “Apply” button to finish the step of “Add bearing”.
Table 2-28 Assembly steps of the rolling bearing

Figure 2-38 Import bearing to housing

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2.3.5. Creation of Bushing

There are two bushing forces to be create, the bushing forces can be created while practicing the
modeling steps in the Table 2-29 and Figure 2-39. The detail of bushing force is shown as Table 2-30.

Step How to do
Click “Bushing” from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation dialog
1
of the revolute joint.
2 Select “Sliding_01” as a base body.
3 Select “FRBE_008” as an action body.
4 Set the “Position” as “146, 253.6, -60”.
5 Set the name as “BUSHING_Rack_bush”
6 Click “Apply” button.
7 Open the property dialog of “BUSHING_Rack_bush” and set the bushing parameters.
Set the orientation as “0, 90, 0” and click “Apply” button to finish the step of “Creation
8
of Bushing”.
Table 2-29 Creation steps of the bushing force

Figure 2-39 Create bushing force

There are two bushing forces to be create, the bushing forces can be created while practicing the
modeling.

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Name Base Entity Action Entity Base Position Degree

BUSHING_
/Sliding_01 /FEBody_01/FRBE_008 146, 253.6, -60 0, 90, 0
Rack_bush
Table 2-30 Details of bushing force

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2.4. Build Test Rig

2.4.1. Creation of Tie Rod
There are four cylinder bodies to create as shown in the Figure 2-40. All cylinder bodies could be
created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-31. The detail information of the cylinder
bodies is shown in the Table 2-32.

Step How to do
Click “Cylinder” from the “Body” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the cylinder body.
2 Input the “Bottom Position" as shown in the following Table.
3 Input the “Top Position" as shown in the following Table.
4 Input the “Radius" as shown in the following Table.
Table 2-31 Creation steps of the cylinder bodies

Radiu
Name Bottom Position Top Position
s
Tie_Rod_Dummy_L_1 54.649, -908.524, -15.009 67.748, -908.524, -76.632 5
Tie_Rod_Dummy_L_2 146, -345, -60 67.748, -908.524, -76.632 10
Tie_Rod_Dummy_R_2 146, 425.00625, -60 67.748, 988.53025, -76.632 10
Dummy_L -500, -908.524, -21.209 62.154, -908.524, -50.317 10
Table 2-32 Detail information of the cylinder bodies

Figure 2-40 Creation of Tie Rod bodies

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2.4.2. Creation of Fixed Joint

There are five fixed joints, four of them are between Housing and Ground, and two is between
Housing and Rack sliding bearing. All fixed joints could be created while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 2-33. The detail information of fixed joints is shown in the Table 2-34.

Step How to do
Click “Fixed” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the fixed joint.
2 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the base body of the fixed joint.
3 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the action body of the fixed joint.
4 Select the design point that shown in Table 2-34 as the position.
Table 2-33 Creation steps of the fixed joints

Name Base Entity Action Entity Position

FJ_Housing_1 Ground Housing/FRBE_001 106.864, -143, -116.369

FJ_Housing_2 Ground Housing/FRBE_002 204.6792, -143, -95.5774
FJ_Housing_3 Ground Housing/FRBE_003 109.0287, 269, -116.931
FJ_Housing_4 Ground Housing/FRBE_004 204.8871, 269, -96.555
FJ_Tie_Rod_L_1 Dummy_L Tie_Rod_Dummy_L_1 62.154, -908.524, -50.317
Table 2-34 Detail information of the fixed joints

Figure 2-41 Created fixed joints

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2.4.3. Creation of Ball Joint

There are three ball joints to create, one of them is between tie rod dummy body and two of them
are between dummy body and shaft. The ball joints could be created while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 2-35 and Figure 2-42. The detail information of fixed joints is shown in the Table 2-
36.

Step How to do
Click “Ball” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation dialog
1
of the Ball joint.
2 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the base body of the Ball joint.
3 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the action body of the Ball joint.
4 Select the design point that shown in the Table 2-36 as the position.
Table 2-35 Creation steps of the Ball joints

Name Base Entity Action Entity Position

Tie_Rod_Dummy_L
BJ_Tie_Rod_L_1 Tie_Rod_Dummy_L_1 67.748, -908.524, -76.632
_2
BJ_Tie_Rod_L_2 ShaftSet_01 Tie_Rod_Dummy_L_2 146, -345, -60
BJ_Tie_Rod_R_2 ShaftSet_01 Tie_Rod_Dummy_R_2 146, 425.37305, -60
Table 2-36 Creation steps of the Ball joints

Figure 2-42 Ball joints to be created

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2.4.4. Creation of Revolute Joint

There are two revolute joints to create, one of them is between pinion and shaft, another one is
between ground and dummy body. The revolute joints could be created while practicing the modeling
steps in the Table 2-37 and Figure 2-43. The detail information of fixed joints is shown in the Table 2-
38.

Step How to do
Click “Revolute” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the revolute joint.
2 Pick “Ground ” to define the base body.
3 Pick “Pinion ” on the screen to define the action body.
4 Click the circle to pick the center point of Pinion.
5 Select the direction as “ ” as shown in Figure 2-43.
Table 2-37 Creation steps of the revolute joints

Name Base Entity Action Entity Position z-axis

114.55047, - 0.31248044, -
/FEBody_01/FRB
RJ_Pinion_2 /ShaftSet_02 215.27266, - 0.17365025,
E_006
95.689148 0.93391732
-500, -908.524, -
RJ_Dummy_L /Ground /Dummy_L 0, 0, 1
21.209
Table 2-38 Creation steps of the revolute joints

Figure 2-43 Created revolute joints

2.4.5. Creation of Bushing

There are two bushing forces to be create, the bushing forces can be created while practicing the
modeling steps in the Table 2-39 and Figure 2-44. The detail of bushing force is shown as Table 2-40.

Step How to do
Click “Bushing” from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation dialog
1
of the revolute joint.

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2 Select “Ground” as a base body.

3 Select “Tie_Rod_Dummy_R_2” as an action body.
4 Set the “Position” as “67.748, 988.89705, -76.632”.
5 Set the name as “BUSHING_OnesideFix”
6 Click “Apply” button.
7 Open the property dialog of “BUSHING_onsideFix” and set the bushing parameters.
Set the orientation as “90, 168, 90” in the “Connector” and click “OK” button to finish
8
the step of “Creation of Bushing”.
Table 2-39 Creation steps of the bushing force

Figure 2-44 Create bushing force

Name Base Entity Action Entity Base Position Degree

67.748,
BUSHING_
/Ground /Tie_Rod_Dummy_R_2 988.89705, - 90, 168, 90
OnesideFix
76.632
Table 2-40 Details of bushing force

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2.4.6. Creation of Translational Scalar Force

The Translational Scalar force could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-
41 and Figure 2-45. The detail information of translational scalar force is shown in the Table 2-42.

Step How to do
Click “Translational Scalar” from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation dialog of the translational scalar force.
2 Pick “Ground ” to define the base body.
3 Pick “Tie_Rod_Dummy_L_2 ” on the screen to define the action body.
4 Click the circle to pick the center point of Pinion.
Table 2-41 Creation steps of the translational scalar force

Figure 2-45 Create translational scalar force

Base
Name Action Entity Base Position Action Position
Entity
TSCALAR_ /Tie_Rod_Dummy 67.748, -908.524, -
/Ground 146, -345, -60
RackTie_L _L_2 76.632
Table 2-42 Detail information of Scalar Force

After the translational scalar force is created import the function as shown in the Table 2-43.

Function Name Function Expression

RackTie_Force 2500*SIN(2*PI*TIME*15)
Table 2-43 Drive motion function

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2.5. Build Yoke Model

2.5.1. Creation of Body
Yoke body should be imported to the subsystem. Use CAD import system to import the model that
we made into ANSYS Motion/Preprocessor as steps in the Table 2-44 and Figure 2-46.

Step How to do
Back to the “[Link]” file, this operation should be done under the main
1
subsystem.
2 Click “Import CAD” button to import a CAD file.
Select the “CAD_Yoke.sab” file in “Drive Train Models” folder, and click “Open” to
3
open it.
4 Click “Apply” button to finish the CAD import steps.
Table 2-44 Importing step to CAD file

Figure 2-46 “Select CAD Import File” dialog

The body name and color of each part of the Yoke can be changed to make us easier to recognize
each part while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-45 and Figure 2-47.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of each body.
Change the body name of each body as “Yoke” and “Yoke_Bottom” as shown in the
2
Figure
Table 2-45 Change name of each body

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Figure 2-47 Name of each part

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2.5.2. Creation of Cylindrical Joint

There is a cylinder joint between Yoke and Yoke_Bottom should be creating. The cylinder joint
could be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-46 and Figure 2-48. Detail
information of the cylindrical joint is shown in the Table 2-47.

Step How to do
Click “Cylindrical” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the
1
creation dialog of the revolute joint.
2 Pick “Yoke_ Bottom ” to define the base body.
3 Pick “Yoke ” on the screen to define the action body.
4 Click the circle to pick the center point of Yoke.
5 Select the direction as “ ” as shown in Figure 2-48.
Table 2-46 Creation steps of the cylindrical joint

Base Action
Name Position z-axis
Entity Entity
Yoke_Bo -0.94832348, 0,
CJ_Yoke Yoke 176.24835, -223, -70.120957
ttom 0.31730517
Table 2-47 Creation steps of the cylindrical joints

Figure 2-48 cylindrical joint to be created

We set B as Base body, set A as Action body, set the center of the circle as Position, and set
as Direction.

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2.5.3. Creation of Fixed Joint

There are two fixed joints to be create, one of them is between Yoke_Bottom and main housing and
another one is between yoke and Rack sliding bearing. All fixed joints could be created while
practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-48 and Figure 2-49. The detail information of fixed joints
is shown in the Table 2-49.

Step How to do
Click “Fixed” from the “Constraints” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation
1
dialog of the fixed joint.
2 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the base body of the fixed joint.
3 Pick “ ” on the screen to define the action body of the fixed joint.
4 Select the design point that shown in Table 2-40 as the position.
Table 2-48 Creation steps of the fixed joints

Figure 2-49 Fixed joints to be created

Name Base Entity Action Entity Position

FJ_Yoke Yoke Sliding_02 164.0192, -223, -66.025643

FJ_Yoke_Bottom Yoke_Bottom FEBody_01/FRBE_007 182.7475, -223, -72.2956
Table 2-49 Creation steps of the fixed joints

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2.5.4. Creation of Spring Force

There is one spring force to be create. The spring force is between Yoke and Yoke_Bottom. The
spring force is created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-50 and Figure 2-50. Check
the Table 2-51 to find the detail of spring force.

Step How to do
1 Click “Spring” from the “Force” Tab in the ribbon menu to open the creation dialog.
2 Pick “Yoke_ Bottom ” on the screen to define the base body of the Spring force.
3 Pick “Yoke ” on the screen to define the action body of the Spring force.
4 Input (176.34318, -223, -70.152687) in the "Base Position" window.
5 Input (166.76511, -223, -66.947911) in the "Action Position" window.
Table 2-50 Creation steps of the spring force

Figure 2-50 Spring force to be created

Action
Name Base Entity Base Position Action Position
Entity
TSPRING_Yok 176.34318, -223, - 166.76511, -223, -
Yoke_ Bottom Yoke
e 70.152687 66.947911
Table 2-51 Detail of spring forces

To create a totally spring force, the setting of some values is required, just as Stiffness Coefficient,
Damping Coefficient and Coil Diameter. The spring force is settled while practicing the setting steps
in the Table 2-52 and Figure 2-51.

Step How to do
1 Open the “Property” of “TSPRING_Yoke”.
2 Input "Spring Coefficient" as “130”
3 Input the “Damping Coefficient" as “0.001”

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4 Input “Pre Load” as “637”

Input “Coil Diameter”, “Coil Count”, Coil Length 1” and “Coil Length 2” for the
5
visualization as shown in the Figure 2-51
6 Click “OK” button to finish the step of “Setting steps of the spring force”
Table 2-52 Setting steps of the spring force

Figure 2-51 Spring force to be created

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2.5.5. Creation of FaceSet

There are two Facesets to be create, one Faceset is on the Yoke body and one faceset is on the
Yoke_Bottom body. The Faceset can be created while practicing the modeling steps in the Table 2-
53 and Figure 2-52.

Step How to do
Click “Create Faceset” from the “Contact” Tab to open the creation dialog of the
1
Faceset.
Pick the surface as shown in the Figure and change the name to “FACESET_Yoke”
2
then click “Apply” button.
3 Create “FACESET_Yoke_Bottom” by same method.
Table 2-53 Creation steps of the Faceset

Figure 2-52 Create the Faceset

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2.5.6. Creation of Contact

After the face set be created, there’s one contact can be create while practicing the modeling steps
in the Table 2-54 and Figure 2-53. And the properties of contact force can be set as shown in the
Figure 2-53.

Step How to do
1 Click “General Contact” from the “Contact” tab to create General Contact.
2 Pick “FACESET_Yoke to define the base geometry.
3 Pick “FACESET_Yoke_Bottom” to define the action geometry.
4 Input the name as “GContact_Yoke”.
5 Click “Apply” button.
6 Open the property dialog of “GContact_Yoke”
7 Input the contact parameters as shown in the Figure 2-53.
8 Click “OK” button to finish the step of “Creation of Contact”
Table 2-54 Creation of contact

Figure 2-53 Creation of General contact between yoke and bottom of yoke

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2.6. Simulation
2.6.1. Simulation Parameters
Before the simulation be run, property of simulation parameters should be settle as shown in the
Table 2-55 and Figure 2-54.

Step How to do
1 Click the drop down button of “Simulation” and click “Modify”.
Set the “End time” and “Output step”
2 - End time : 0.65
- Output step : 6500
3 Click the “Show advanced option” and then the new tab is shown.
Set the “Maximum stepsize” in Dynamic tab
4
- Maximum step size : 0.0001
Set the number of threads and solver type.
5 - Number of threads : 4
- Solver type : “General”
6 Click “Simulate” button.
Table 2-55 Set the simulation parameters

Figure 2-54 Simulation Parameters

After this step, to compare the effect of spring force between “Yoke” and “Yoke_bottom” another
simulation should be done.

To analyze the effect of the spring preload change, the result when the spring preload is 637N and
the result when 767N will be compared.
After the first simulation, change the spring preload as 767N as shown in the Figure 2-55.

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Figure 2-55 Change spring preload

Before run the simulation again, rename the resulting file as shown in the Figure 2-56. And run
the simulation again to get the analysis result under the 767N preload.

Figure 2-56 Change result filename and re-run the simulation

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2.6.2. Postprocessing and Analysis

After the simulation finished, select the node (No. 55055) of “Housing_01” as shown in the
Table 2-56 and Figure 2-57.

Step How to do
1 Click “Node”button.
2 Click any point on the model.
3 Click “Add To Tree” button.
Table 2-56 Creation of new coordinate system

Figure 2-57 Select the node for measurement

You can use the following methods to change the Node ID as shown in the Figure 2-57-1 .

Figure 2-57-1 Change the Node ID

Create the coordinate system to measure the acceleration along with the axial direction of the
support yoke. The coordinate can be created while practicing the modeling steps as shown in the

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Table 2-57 and Figure 2-58.

Step How to do
1 Click “GearBox1_767N” button.
2 Click “Coordinate system” button.
3 Rotation Axis : ZXZ
4 Angle : -90, 71.500097, 90
Table 2-57 Creation of new coordinate system

Figure 2-58 Simulation Parameters

After the creation steps of coordinate is finished, the acceleration in z-direction of the modal body
can be plotted while practicing the operations as shown in the Table 2-58 and Figure 2-59.

Step How to do
1 Create a new Window by clicking “Create Chart” .
2 Click the “Add curve” button .
3 Select “GearBox1_637N”
Select “NODE_55055” from the objects. “NODE_55055” is the created node in the
4
first of this section.
5 Make the same setting as the Figure.
6 Click ”+” button.
Table 2-58 Steps for adding the translational velocity curve in the plot view

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Figure 2-59 Adding a curve in the plot view

Do the same steps of this section to both of two analyses results. We can check the acceleration
curve of two results in detail as shown in the Figure 2-60.

Figure 2-60 Acceleration in time domain

To check the frequency both of the systems, the Magnitude with Frequency curve should be created.
Do the modeling steps to check the peak frequency as shown in the Table 2-59 and Figure 2-61.

Step How to do
1 Select “GearBox1_637N” its curve.

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2 Click the “FFT” button.

3 Make the same setting as the step 3.
4 Click the “+” button.
5 Set "GearBox1_767N" with the same steps.
Table 2-59 Create the Frequency curve

Figure 2-61 Create the Frequency curve

After the operations are finished, we get two frequency curves as shown in the Figure 2-62.
Compare the frequency curves of both results. We can see that, as preload increase, the magnitude
decrease.

Figure 2-62 Acceleration in frequency domain

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