Republic of the Philippines

Surigao del Sur State University

Tagbina, Surigao del Sur 8308
Website: [Link]

Module 2
MICRO PERSPECTIVE
OF
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
(THC 5)

NAME: _____________________________
PROGRAM & YEAR LEVEL: _____________________________
SEMESTER: _____________________________
SCHOOL YEAR: _____________________________

SHARA JAN POLIZON MENDOZA

Instructor 1
BSHM

For Internal Purposes Only

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 Micro Perspective of
Tourism and Hospitality

1 TRANSPORTATION IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

Intended Learning Outcome:

- Learn the history and discuss aviation system in the Philippines
- Discuss different types of land transportation.
- Learn why people cruise

2 ACCOMMODATIONS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

Intended Learning Outcome:

- Discuss and differentiate different types of accommodation.

References:
Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality, Zenaida Lansangan - Cruz, First Edition, 2019
Principles of Tourism, Zenaida Lansangan Cruz –, 2013

Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality

Compiled By: Shara Jan P. Mendoza
Copyright © 2021 by Shara Jan P. Mendoza and SDSSU-Tagbina Campus.
All rights reserved.

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 LESSON 1 – TRANSPORTATION IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

AIR TRANSPORTATION

The movement of passengers and cargo by aircraft such as

airplanes and helicopters. Air transportation has become
the primary means of common-carrier traveling. Greatest
efficiency and value are obtained when long distances are
traveled, high-value payloads are moved, immediate
needs must be met, or surface terrain prevents easy
movement or significantly raises transport costs. Although
the time and cost efficiencies obtained decrease as
distance traveled is reduced, air transport is often worthwhile even for relatively short distances.
Air transportation also provides a communication or medical link, which is sometimes vital,
between the different groups of people being served.

The first countries in Europe to embrace Air Transport were:

• Finland
• France
• UK
• Germany
• The Netherlands

Some of the first countries in Asia to embrace Air Transport were:

• India
• Hong Kong
• Indonesia
• Malaysia
• The Philippines

And the first country in ASIA to embrace Air Transport is The Philippines.

The Philippine Airlines (PAL) was founded on

February 28, 1941, making it Asia’s oldest carrier still
operating under its current name. The airline was
founded by a group of businessmen led by Andres
Soriano Sr., hailed as one of the Philippines’ leading
industrialists at the time. The airlines’ first flight was
made on March 15, 1941 with a single Beech Model
18 NPC 54 aircraft, which started its daily services
between Manila (Nielsen Field) and Baguio.

Notably Philippine Airlines leased Japan airlines their first aircraft, A DC-3 named “Kinsei”

On July 31, 1946 a chartered Philippine Airline DC-4 ferried 40 American servicemen to Oakland,
California from Nielsen Airport in Makati city with stops in, Guam, Wake Island, Johnston Atoll,
and Honolulu Hawaii making PAL the first Asian airline to cross the Pacific Ocean.

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THE AVIATION SYSTEM

Aviation is the term used to describe the industry that builds and flies aircraft.

Civil Aviation
✓ Major Carriers – domestic and international
✓ Supplemental Carriers (Charters flight service and schedules service)
✓ Cargo

Civil Aviation can be divided into two:

1. Domestic service - a flight must start and end within the borders of the same country.
2. International service - the flight starts in one country and ends in another.

General Aviation
✓ Private Planes
✓ Pleasure flying, land surveying
✓ Flying Instruction
✓ Agricultural use
✓ Corporate Jets
✓ Company Planes
✓ Air Taxi Services

Military Aviation
✓ All aircraft flown by a nation’s air force and other branches in the military.

Flight Types and Routes

• NON – STOP FLIGHT - Traveler goes

from Point A to Point B on the same
aircraft with no stop in between.

• DIRECT FLIGHT - Traveler goes from Point A to Point B on the same aircraft but that
aircraft stops at an airport in between. The flight will still have one flight number.

• CONNECTING FLIGHT - Traveler, to get to his destination, must change plane once,
twice or even more times. Each flight will have different flight numbers.

CLASSES OF AIRLINE SERVICE

✓ FIRST CLASS – is in the compartment at the front of the plane. The most expensive
seats, wider seats; greater pitch; more recline; more elaborate meals with
complimentary alcoholic beverages; and free movies. With VIP Treatment.

✓ BUSINESS CLASS – Usually sandwiched between the first and the coach class. Business
class represents a kind of service that’s almost as good as that found in the first class.

✓ ECONOMY CLASS – Standard level of service. Also known as the coach class. It has
narrower seats; less pitch and recline; simple meals or snacks or even no food service at
all, except perhaps a bag of pretzels and soft drink.

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CITY AND IATA CODES

The International Air Transport Association's (IATA) Location Identifier is a unique 3-letter code
(also commonly known as IATA code) used in aviation and also in logistics to identify an airport.
Here’s the Philippines City and IATA CODE.

CITY IATA CODE AIRPORT NAME

Angeles City CRK Clark International Airport

Bacolod City BCD Bacolod-Silay Airport
Baguio City BAG Loakan Airport
Bislig City BPH Bislig Airport
Butuan City BXU Bancasi Airport
Cagayan de Oro City CGY Laguindingan Airport
Coron, Palawan USU Francisco B. Reyes Airport
Davao City DVO Francisco Bangoy International Airport
Dipolog City DPL Dipolog Airport
Gasan MRQ Marinduque Airport
General Santos City GES General Santos International Airport
Iloilo City ILO Iloilo International Airport
Kalibo KLO Kalibo International Airport
Laoag City LAO Laoag International Airport
Lapu-Lapu City CEB Mactan Cebu International Airport
Legazpi City LGP Legazpi City International Airport
Lubang Island LBX Lubang Airport
Malay, Aklan MPH Godofredo P. Ramos Airport
Manila MNL Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Masbate MBT Moises R. Espinosa Airport
Olongapo City SFS Subic Bay International Airport
Ormoc City OMC Ormoc Airport
Ozamiz City OZC Labo Airport
Pagadian City PAG Pagadian Airport
Puerto Princesa City PPS Puerto Princesa Airport
Roxas , Capiz RXS Roxas City Airport
Siargao Island IAO Sayak Airport / Siargao Airport
Sulu JOL Jolo Airport
Surigao City SUG Surigao Airport
Tacloban City TAC Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport
Tandag TDG Tandag Airport
Zamboanga City ZAM Zamboanga International Airport

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LAND TRANSPORTATION
Land transport is the transport or movement of people,
animals or goods from one location to another location on
land. The two main forms of land transport can be considered
to be rail transport and road transport.

Rail Service
In many countries, railways are still a major form of transportation. Most of these railways are
owned and operated by the government. Tourism and transport are intrinsically linked, and
tourism represents 10% of global GDP and one of every 11 jobs,” says Vanessa Pérez, TopRail
project manager. “Travel and tourism experience a continued expansion and have become one
of the fastest-growing economic sectors in the world.”

Motor coach
Commonly known as the “bus” has played a major role in the surface travel industry throughout
the world. It is the most widespread and the least expensive form of public transportation.
Almost all people from all walks of life uses buses to transport.

Other Land transportation used in the Industry:

Private Car Rentals, taxi, limousine and others. They are mostly known as On-Demand Public
Transport. They don’t operate on a regular schedule, rather, passengers arrange them
individually for service.

SEA TRANSPORTATION

Travelling by sea, whether on a short voyage on a small vessel, yacht

or a lengthy trip on a large cruise ship is one of the most famous
tourism getaways. Water transportation is the intentional
movement of water over short or large distances. Water transport
is the cheapest and the oldest mode of transport. It operates on a
natural track and hence does not require huge capital investment in
the construction and maintenance of its track except in case of
canals. The cost of operation of water transport is also very less. It
has the largest carrying capacity and is most suitable for carrying
bulky goods over long distances. It has played a very significant role in bringing different parts of
the world closer and is indispensable to foreign trade.

Water Transport consists of:

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CRUISING – IN SHIPS AND YATCHS

Cruise ships are large passenger ships used mainly for vacationing. Unlike ocean liners, which are
used for transport, they typically embark on round-trip voyages to various ports-of-call, where
passengers may go on tours known as "shore excursions". On the other hand, yachts are for
people who wanted to enjoy the sea for a very short time only.

Today, the most popular cruise destinations are, listed in order of traffic volume, the Caribbean
and the Bahamas, the Mediterranean, the Atlantic Islands and Northern Europe. Cruising today
offer a world of innovative facilities and services that aim to satisfy the expectations of a growing
population of travelers.

WHY PEOPLE CRUISE?

There are many options to consider when planning a vacation. Some families and individuals
consult a travel agent or other travel service to cut down on some of the pre-trip stress. A cruise
vacation offers many benefits to the traveler with a variety of options in one location. This is part
of the reason why cruises have become an increasingly popular solution for individuals and
families who want the most out of their vacation experience.

1. All-in-One Vacation – There are not many other vacation options which offer the all-in-
one experience like a cruise vacation. While on a cruise you can visit multiple destinations
while not changing rooms and having to constantly pack and unpack your luggage. A
cruise vacation affords you the chance to enjoy your choice of several entertainment and
fine dining options, all which are located steps away from your room. Most cruises offer
nightly entertainment, which may include comedians, live bands, and other live acts. They
also offer dancing, casinos, and additional entertainment options for children. The deck
offers sunbathing, swimming, shuffleboard and other outside activities. All of this can be
enjoyed while traveling between destinations. When the ship docks, the various locations
may be explored and local culture sampled. There is no need to scour the phone book
and maps to find restaurants, they are right there on the ship.

2. Pampering – Since relaxation and rejuvenation are often the ultimate goals of any
vacation, the pampering options onboard a cruise ship make it an easy choice for the
weary traveler. Massage, sunbathing, free childcare, spa treatments, and hot tubs are just
a sample of the pampering options that can be expected on a cruise ship. Both parents
and children alike get pampered on a cruise. Parents can spend a relaxing afternoon of
massage, hot tubs, and sunbathing, while the children can spend a day of running,
jumping, swimming and playing while being taken care of by qualified persons, just down
the deck from where their parents are. Later, the family can come together for some fine
food and relaxation. Finally, everyone can retire to their cabins for a luxurious sleep,
getting ready for another day of pampering and fun.

Many people choose cruises for their vacations because of their value, food, pampering, and
family friendly, all-in-one atmosphere. Romance, variety, reunions, new experiences, and
simplicity also rank high on the list of reasons for choosing a cruise vacation. No matter the
reason for choosing one, a cruise is a great value, offering relaxation and fun in a family-friendly
atmosphere with good food and entertainment all in one unique location.

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 LESSON 2 – ACCOMMODATIONS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

Accommodation is important to any tourists who want to travel to another destination or on a

trip as you are always going to need a place to stay such as hotels, caravan parks, camp sites etc.

ACCOMMODATION defined as:

[n.] the act of accommodating or the state of being accommodated
[n.] something that meets a need; a convenience;
[n.] room and board; lodgings

Other purposes include:

• For safety
• Shelter for cold and rain
• Having a place to store luggage
• Being able to take a shower

Brief History of Accommodation

The history of lodging can be traced back to the civilizations of Summeria and Egypt. One of the
reasons: Early traders need a temporary place to stay while they are away from home.
Stopping points were established where different trading routes intersected. These stopping
points became trading centers in itself. At some point, Innkeepers began to incorporate food
and beverage service. This led to a change in the way people traveled. The development of the
Roman network of roads that crisscrossed Europe, Asia and Africa also contributed to the
robust development of lodging and accommodation. As the evolution of lodging continued, the
wealthy and landed aristocracy in the world began to view the many spare rooms in their
castles and estates as sources of revenue.

TYPES OF LODGING AND ACCOMMODATION

1. APARTMENT HOTEL or APARTELLE – A type of accommodation described as a

“serviced” apartment complex that uses hotel style booking system. It is similar to
renting an apartment but with no fix contracts and occupants can check out whenever
they wish.

2. HOSTEL – Provides an accommodation where a guest can rent a bed, sometimes bunk
bed in a dormitory and share a bathroom, kitchen and, lounge. Frequented by students
and those who are in a very tight budget. These dormitory-like accommodations or
converted hotels usually offer low- cost lodging in major cities. Some hostels require
guests to bring their own linens or perform small chores in exchange for cheap lodging.

3. HOTEL – Is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short term basis;
Provides a number of additional guest services such as a housekeeping, restaurant, a
swimming pool or a childcare;

3 OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TYPES OF HOTEL

✓ Resort Hotel
✓ Business or Corporate Hotel
✓ Suite Hotel

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RESORT HOTEL – Cater primarily to leisure travelers. They’re generally found in four
environments
• Beaches;
• Near ski area
• In the desert
• Near theme parks and attractions

TYPES OF RESORT HOTELS

✓ MEGA RESORTS – a large resort hotel with very many facilities and activities covering
acres of land.
✓ ALL-INCLUSIVE RESORT – A resort that includes most or all of the costs of staying there:
lodging; some or all meals; activities etc. Swimming pool, gold course, etc.
✓ SPA RESORTS – Provides extensive facilities for massages, facials, fitness activities and
healthy dining.
✓ SKI RESORTS – Provides a site and facilities to serve the needs of winter sports
enthusiasts.
✓ CASINO RESORTS – features extensive gaming opportunities in a destination where
gambling is legal. e.g. Las Vegas
✓ THEMED RESORTS - Is one that has strong identity often tied to some other place or
time

BUSINESS or CORPORATE HOTEL – Target the needs of business travelers; features a business
center; guest can send faxes; with photocopying machines in the lobby; arrange package
deliveries; guest rooms with spacious desks, multiple telephone, printer and computer
terminals; with at least dining facility on-site; caters to fitness and recreational needs; located
to business parks (clusters of buildings housing various companies) or near to airports.

SUITES – Are accommodations with at least two rooms. e.g. bed room and living room with a
wall between them they may also feature kitchen-like elements.

✓ ALL-SUITE HOTEL – All accommodations are suites instead of conventional rooms.

✓ JUNIOR SUITES – large oversized rooms with separate sleeping and living areas
✓ PRESIDENTIAL SUITE – Sometimes called the “Chairman’s Suite” or the “Royal Suite”.
These suites are considered to be the best and the largest room in the hotel and has the
best amenities.

4. MOTELS – Also known as motor hotel or motorist hotel; referred initially to a single
room whose doors face a parking lot or common area; a series of small cabins with
common parking.

5. PENSION – similar to guest houses / hostels or boarding houses. This term is used in
Spain, Italy and other countries as a synonym to cheap hostels where one can usually
get a room with shared bathroom.

6. CONDOMINIUM – These are apartment – like facilities resemble to extended stay

properties; The big difference is that instead of a company owning the lodging, the
individuals own each unit and also pay fees for the upkeep, security, landscaping, and
maintenance;

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 7. BED AND BREAKFASTS [B&B’S] – These home – like properties (often they are homes
that has been converted) charge guests who stay in a bedroom (sometimes with shared
bath facilities) and offer full breakfast in a communal dining room area or in the guest
room.

8. LODGES – These properties are usually in rural, nature dominated settings. They can be
anything from Spartan to luxurious.

9. CAMPGROUNDS – Once these facilities were where hardy tourists pitched tents. Today
they usually refer to facilities where those who travel in recreational vehicles or RVs
stay.

10. RANCHES – A unique form of lodging, these facilities convey a theme of the American
west. Usually located in resort areas, they feature horseback riding, cattle roundups,
outdoor barbecues, and other cowboy type of activities.

WHO OWNS LODGING FACILITIES?

✓ The property may be wholly-owned by a parent chain or corporation

✓ A property may only be a franchise of a chain
✓ A property may have only a management contract with the chain

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Name: __________________________________ Course & Year level: __________________
Subject: _________________________________ Instructor: MS. SHARA JAN P. MENDOZA_

MODULE 2 ASSESSMENT

1. Give five examples of an airline with an international service.

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2. What is an Air Taxi Service?

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3. What can you say about the aviation system in the Philippines?
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4. Why does the private car rentals considered as an On-Demand Public Transport?
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5. Give an example of a Casino Resort in the Philippines, describe it and discuss its amenities.
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6. Give at least 20 IATA codes of any country outside the Philippines.

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*Keep and study the learning module. Return this page only.

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