SUBJECT:- POWER SYSTEM-II
• Code:- EEC 503
• Departmental Core Subject
• Academic Session:- 2023-24
• Semester:- [Link] 5th , EE
• Faculty Name:- Aniruddha Bhattacharya
TOPIC:- Bus Zone Protection
Disclaimer
The study materials/presentations are solely meant for academic purposes and they can be reused,
reproduced, modified, and distributed by others for academic purposes only with proper acknowledgements.
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REFERANCE
Ram, Badri; Vishwakarma, D N. Power System Protection and Switchgear. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing.
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Differential Current Protection
• Figure 10.13 shows a scheme of differential current
protection of a bus zone.
• The operating principle is based on Kirchhoff’s law.
The algebraic sum of all the currents entering and
leaving the busbar zone must be zero, unless there is
a fault therein.
• The relay is connected to trip all the circuit breakers.
In case of a bus fault the algebraic sum of currents
will not be zero and relay will operate.
• The main drawback of this type of differential
scheme is that there may be a false operation in case
of an external fault. This is due to the saturation of
one of the CT of the faulted feeder. When the CT
saturates, the output is reduced and the sum of all
the CT secondary currents will not be zero.
• To overcome this difficulty, high impedance relay or
biased differential scheme can be employed.
High Impedance Relay Scheme
• Figure 10.14 shows a differential protective
scheme employing a high impedance relay.
• A sensitive dc polarized relay is used in series with
a tuning circuit which makes the relay responsive
only to the fundamental component of the
differential (spill) current of the CTs.
• The tuning circuit makes the relay insensitive to dc
and harmonics, thereby making it more stable on
heavy external faults.
• To prevent excessive voltages on internal faults, a
non-linear resistance (thyrite) and a high set
overcurrent relay, connected in series with the
non-linear resistance are employed.
• The high set relay provides fast operation on
heavy faults. Its pick-up is kept high to prevent
operation on external faults.
FRAME LEAKAGE PROTECTION
• Figure 10.15 shows a scheme of frame leakage protecting.
• This is more favoured for indoor than outdoor
installations.
• This is applicable to metal clad type switchgear
installations.
• The frame work is insulated from the ground. The
insulation is light, anything over 10 ohms is acceptable.
• This scheme is most effective in case of isolated-phase
construction type switchgear installations in which all
faults involve ground.
• To avoid the undesired operation of the relay due to
spurious currents, a check relay energized from a CT
connected in the neutral of the system is employed.
• An instantaneous overcurrent relay is used in the frame
leakage protection scheme if a neutral check relay is
incorporated. If neutral check relay is not employed, an
inverse time delay relay should be used.
Design a differential protection circuit of a 20 MVA, 11 kV/220 kV, Y-Y, 3-phase transformer,
where primary side CT Ratio is 2000/5 Ampere.
Design a differential protection circuit of a 100 MVA, 33 kV/400 kV, Y-∆, 3-phase transformer,
where primary side CT Ratio is 2000/5 Ampere.