LESSON 6 & 8
TOPIC: QUADRILATERALS
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
describe quadrilaterals and properties
distinguish different types of quadrilaterals
construct various types of quadrilaterals.
INTRODUCTION
A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by four sides, which form four angles. These angles so formed
add up to 3600. A line from angle to the opposite angle is called diagonals. There are two diagonals in a
quadrilateral.
TYPES AND PROPERTIES OF QUADRILATERALS
SQUARE
It has all four sides equal.
All its angles are right angles.
The diagonal are equal and they bisect each other at the center forming angles of 900.
It has four lines of symmetry.
RHOMBUS
It has all four sides equal.
Opposite angles are equal but are not right angles.
The diagonals are not equal but intersect at the center and at right angles.
It has two lines of symmetry.
RECTANGLE
It has opposite sides equal and parallel.
Its interior angles are all right angles.
The diagonals are equal and intersect at the center but not at right angles.
It has two lines of symmetry.
PARALLELOGRAM/ RHOMBOID
It has opposite sides equal and parallel
Its opposite angles are equal but are not right angles
The diagonals are not equal but intersect at the center and not at right angles.
It has no lines of symmetry.
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KITE/TRAPEZION/ DELTOID
It has pairs of adjacent sides equal.
It is balanced or symmetrical about the axis or the center line.
The diagonal is at right angles to the axis
It has one lines of symmetry.
TRAPEZIUM
It has two opposite sides parallel. While the other sides can be of any length and any angle.
It has no lines of symmetry.
TRAPEZOID
It has all four sides and the four angles not equal.
It has no lines of symmetry.
TRAPEZIUM
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A. CONSTRUCTION OF SQUARE
Question: Construct a square, given length of one sides = 45mm
Procedure:
a. Draw one side AB = 45mm.
b. Construct right angle (900) at A.
c. With center A and a radius of the side draw an arc to cut the perpendicular at D.
d. With centers B and D in turn and radius of the side, draw arcs to intersect at C.
e. Join BC and DC to complete the square.
Video guide: [Link]
B. CONSTRUCTION OF RECTANGLE
Question: Construct a rectangle ABCD, such that AB = CD = 60mm, BC=AD= 35mm. Measure and record
the diagonal.
Procedure:
a. Draw one side AB = 60mm.
b. Construct right angle (900) at A.
c. With center A and a radius 35 draw an arc to cut the perpendicular at D.
d. With center B and a radius 35 draw another arc.
e. With center D and a radius 60 draw an arc to intersect the arc at step d above to give point C.
f. Join BC and DC to complete the rectangle.
Video guide: [Link]
C. CONSTRUCTION OF RHOMBUS
Question: Construct a rhombus PQRS given one side = 40 and an angle = 600
Procedure:
a. Draw one side PQ = 40mm.
b. Construct angle 600 at P.
c. With center P and a radius of the side draw an arc to cut the 600 line at S.
d. With centers Q and S in turn and radius of the side, draw arcs to intersect at R.
e. Join QR and SR to complete the rhombus.
Video guide: [Link]
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D. CONSTRUCTION OF PARALLELOGRAM
Question: Construct a parallelogram such that that one angle is 450, sides equal to 75 and 37.
Procedure:
a. Draw one side AB = 75mm.
b. Construct right angle 450 at A.
c. With center A and a radius 37 draw an arc to cut the 450 line at D.
d. With center B and a radius 37 draw another arc.
e. With center D and a radius 75 draw an arc to intersect the arc at step d above to give point C.
f. Join BC and DC to complete the parallelogram.
ACTIVITIES
1. Construct a Parallelogram EFGH, given EF = GH =65, EH = FG = 30 and one included angle of 600.
2. Construct a square such that the length of sides = 35mm. Measure and record the diagonals
3. Construct a rectangle PQRS, such that PQ = 60mm and PS= 35mm
4. Construct a rhombus given one side = 45 and an angle = 1200
E. CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPEZIUM
Question: Construct a trapezium such that the perpendicular distance between the two parallel sides is 35,
given the length of two parallel sides as 80 and 40; and a base angle of 60°.
Procedure:
a. Draw one side of the parallels as base AB = 80mm
b. Construct the given angle 600 at A.
c. Draw the parallel CD
d. Join D to B to complete the trapezium.
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