Impact value. Impact value. Impact value. Impact value. Impact value.
1. To determine the impact 1. To determine the impact 1. To determine the impact 1. To determine the impact 1. To determine the impact
value of aggregate used in value of aggregate used in value of aggregate used in value of aggregate used in value of aggregate used in
pavement construction. pavement construction. pavement construction. pavement construction. pavement construction.
2. To assess their suitability in 2. To assess their suitability in 2. To assess their suitability in 2. To assess their suitability in 2. To assess their suitability in
Road layer construction on Road layer construction on Road layer construction on Road layer construction on Road layer construction on
the basis of impact value. the basis of impact value. the basis of impact value. the basis of impact value. the basis of impact value.
Discussion: The aggregate Discussion: The aggregate Discussion: The aggregate Discussion: The aggregate Discussion: The aggregate
impact value test is a valuable impact value test is a valuable impact value test is a valuable impact value test is a valuable impact value test is a valuable
tool for characterizing tool for characterizing tool for characterizing tool for characterizing tool for characterizing
aggregate toughness and aggregate toughness and aggregate toughness and aggregate toughness and aggregate toughness and
suitability for impact loaded suitability for impact loaded suitability for impact loaded suitability for impact loaded suitability for impact loaded
applications. The test is less applications. The test is less applications. The test is less applications. The test is less applications. The test is less
reliable for very weak reliable for very weak reliable for very weak reliable for very weak reliable for very weak
aggregates (AIV > 30) and aggregates (AIV > 30) and aggregates (AIV > 30) and aggregates (AIV > 30) and aggregates (AIV > 30) and
unsuitable for aggregates unsuitable for aggregates unsuitable for aggregates unsuitable for aggregates unsuitable for aggregates
larger than 14 mm. Ensuring larger than 14 mm. Ensuring larger than 14 mm. Ensuring larger than 14 mm. Ensuring larger than 14 mm. Ensuring
that aggregates meet project that aggregates meet project that aggregates meet project that aggregates meet project that aggregates meet project
specifications and quality specifications and quality specifications and quality specifications and quality specifications and quality
standards. standards. standards. standards. standards.
Crushing value. Crushing value. Crushing value. Crushing value. Crushing value.
1. Strength of coarse aggregate 1. Strength of coarse aggregate 1. Strength of coarse aggregate 1. Strength of coarse aggregate 1. Strength of coarse aggregate
is assessed by aggregate is assessed by aggregate is assessed by aggregate is assessed by aggregate is assessed by aggregate
crushing test. crushing test. crushing test. crushing test. crushing test.
2. To achieve a high quality of 2. To achieve a high quality of 2. To achieve a high quality of 2. To achieve a high quality of 2. To achieve a high quality of
pavement aggregate pavement aggregate pavement aggregate pavement aggregate pavement aggregate
possessing low crushing value possessing low crushing value possessing low crushing value possessing low crushing value possessing low crushing value
to achieve high pavement. to achieve high pavement. to achieve high pavement. to achieve high pavement. to achieve high pavement.
Discussion: Discussion: Discussion: Discussion: Discussion:
Aggregate crushing value Aggregate crushing value Aggregate crushing value Aggregate crushing value Aggregate crushing value
shows the strength of the shows the strength of the shows the strength of the shows the strength of the shows the strength of the
coarse aggregate used for coarse aggregate used for coarse aggregate used for coarse aggregate used for coarse aggregate used for
pavement construction. We pavement construction. We pavement construction. We pavement construction. We pavement construction. We
tried to set the loading at tried to set the loading at tried to set the loading at tried to set the loading at tried to set the loading at
uniform rate to reach 40 kN at uniform rate to reach 40 kN at uniform rate to reach 40 kN at uniform rate to reach 40 kN at uniform rate to reach 40 kN at
10 minutes. The maximum 10 minutes. The maximum 10 minutes. The maximum 10 minutes. The maximum 10 minutes. The maximum
value should not exceed 30%. value should not exceed 30%. value should not exceed 30%. value should not exceed 30%. value should not exceed 30%.
From the result is 1.32%. The From the result is 1.32%. The From the result is 1.32%. The From the result is 1.32%. The From the result is 1.32%. The
aggregate can be used for aggregate can be used for aggregate can be used for aggregate can be used for aggregate can be used for
pavement construction. pavement construction. pavement construction. pavement construction. pavement construction.
Flakiness index. Flakiness index. Flakiness index. Flakiness index. Flakiness index.
1. To determine the flakiness 1. To determine the flakiness 1. To determine the flakiness 1. To determine the flakiness 1. To determine the flakiness
index for pavement construction. index for pavement construction. index for pavement construction. index for pavement construction. index for pavement construction.
2. To distinguish between coarse 2. To distinguish between coarse 2. To distinguish between coarse 2. To distinguish between coarse 2. To distinguish between coarse
aggregate for strong pavement . aggregate for strong pavement . aggregate for strong pavement . aggregate for strong pavement . aggregate for strong pavement .
Discussion: Discussion: Discussion: Discussion: Discussion:
The obtained flakiness index of The obtained flakiness index of The obtained flakiness index of The obtained flakiness index of The obtained flakiness index of
17.50% is well below the 17.50% is well below the 17.50% is well below the 17.50% is well below the 17.50% is well below the
standard limit of 25%, indicating standard limit of 25%, indicating standard limit of 25%, indicating standard limit of 25%, indicating standard limit of 25%, indicating
that the aggregates have an that the aggregates have an that the aggregates have an that the aggregates have an that the aggregates have an
acceptable shape for acceptable shape for acceptable shape for acceptable shape for acceptable shape for
construction use. This ensures construction use. This ensures construction use. This ensures construction use. This ensures construction use. This ensures
good strength, durability, and good strength, durability, and good strength, durability, and good strength, durability, and good strength, durability, and
workability in concrete and workability in concrete and workability in concrete and workability in concrete and workability in concrete and
asphalt mixtures. Since the result asphalt mixtures. Since the result asphalt mixtures. Since the result asphalt mixtures. Since the result asphalt mixtures. Since the result
is within the acceptable range, is within the acceptable range, is within the acceptable range, is within the acceptable range, is within the acceptable range,
these aggregates can be these aggregates can be these aggregates can be these aggregates can be these aggregates can be
confidently used for pavements, confidently used for pavements, confidently used for pavements, confidently used for pavements, confidently used for pavements,
roads, and concrete structures roads, and concrete structures roads, and concrete structures roads, and concrete structures roads, and concrete structures
without additional processing or without additional processing or without additional processing or without additional processing or without additional processing or
blending. blending. blending. blending. blending.
Penetration. Penetration. Penetration. Penetration. Penetration.
1. To determine the hardness 1. To determine the hardness 1. To determine the hardness 1. To determine the hardness 1. To determine the hardness
and softness of the bitumen . and softness of the bitumen . and softness of the bitumen . and softness of the bitumen . and softness of the bitumen .
2. To determine the grade of 2. To determine the grade of 2. To determine the grade of 2. To determine the grade of 2. To determine the grade of
bitumen . bitumen . bitumen . bitumen . bitumen .
Discussion: Discussion: Discussion: Discussion: Discussion:
The penetration test result The penetration test result The penetration test result The penetration test result The penetration test result
shows that the bitumen has a shows that the bitumen has a shows that the bitumen has a shows that the bitumen has a shows that the bitumen has a
penetration value of 6.3 mm, penetration value of 6.3 mm, penetration value of 6.3 mm, penetration value of 6.3 mm, penetration value of 6.3 mm,
which falls under the grade 63 which falls under the grade 63 which falls under the grade 63 which falls under the grade 63 which falls under the grade 63
category. This indicates that the category. This indicates that the category. This indicates that the category. This indicates that the category. This indicates that the
bitumen is semi-hard, suitable bitumen is semi-hard, suitable bitumen is semi-hard, suitable bitumen is semi-hard, suitable bitumen is semi-hard, suitable
for moderate traffic & for moderate traffic & for moderate traffic & for moderate traffic & for moderate traffic &
temperature conditions. Used temperature conditions. Used temperature conditions. Used temperature conditions. Used temperature conditions. Used
in flexible pavements, highways in flexible pavements, highways in flexible pavements, highways in flexible pavements, highways in flexible pavements, highways
& urban roads. Provides a & urban roads. Provides a & urban roads. Provides a & urban roads. Provides a & urban roads. Provides a
balance between stiffness & balance between stiffness & balance between stiffness & balance between stiffness & balance between stiffness &
flexibility, preventing excessive flexibility, preventing excessive flexibility, preventing excessive flexibility, preventing excessive flexibility, preventing excessive
cracking or rutting. cracking or rutting. cracking or rutting. cracking or rutting. cracking or rutting.
Elongation index. Elongation index. Elongation index. Elongation index. Elongation index.
1. To determine the elongation 1. To determine the elongation 1. To determine the elongation 1. To determine the elongation 1. To determine the elongation
index of course aggregate. index of course aggregate. index of course aggregate. index of course aggregate. index of course aggregate.
2. To gain strength for pavement 2. To gain strength for pavement 2. To gain strength for pavement 2. To gain strength for pavement 2. To gain strength for pavement
construction by distinguishing . construction by distinguishing . construction by distinguishing . construction by distinguishing . construction by distinguishing .
Discussion: The obtained Discussion: The obtained Discussion: The obtained Discussion: The obtained Discussion: The obtained
Elongation Index of 48.9% is Elongation Index of 48.9% is Elongation Index of 48.9% is Elongation Index of 48.9% is Elongation Index of 48.9% is
significantly higher than the significantly higher than the significantly higher than the significantly higher than the significantly higher than the
standard limit of 25%, standard limit of 25%, standard limit of 25%, standard limit of 25%, standard limit of 25%,
indicating an excessive indicating an excessive indicating an excessive indicating an excessive indicating an excessive
presence of elongated particles presence of elongated particles presence of elongated particles presence of elongated particles presence of elongated particles
in the aggregate sample. Such a in the aggregate sample. Such a in the aggregate sample. Such a in the aggregate sample. Such a in the aggregate sample. Such a
high value can negatively high value can negatively high value can negatively high value can negatively high value can negatively
impact the strength, durability, impact the strength, durability, impact the strength, durability, impact the strength, durability, impact the strength, durability,
and workability of concrete and and workability of concrete and and workability of concrete and and workability of concrete and and workability of concrete and
asphalt mixtures. Elongated asphalt mixtures. Elongated asphalt mixtures. Elongated asphalt mixtures. Elongated asphalt mixtures. Elongated
particles do not compact well, particles do not compact well, particles do not compact well, particles do not compact well, particles do not compact well,
leading to poor interlocking & leading to poor interlocking & leading to poor interlocking & leading to poor interlocking & leading to poor interlocking &
increased voids. This can result increased voids. This can result increased voids. This can result increased voids. This can result increased voids. This can result
in reduced load bearing in reduced load bearing in reduced load bearing in reduced load bearing in reduced load bearing
capacity & potential cracking in capacity & potential cracking in capacity & potential cracking in capacity & potential cracking in capacity & potential cracking in
pavements. pavements. pavements. pavements. pavements.
Flash and Fire. Flash and Fire. Flash and Fire. Flash and Fire. Flash and Fire.
1. To determine the flash and 1. To determine the flash and 1. To determine the flash and 1. To determine the flash and 1. To determine the flash and
PowerPoint of a given PowerPoint of a given PowerPoint of a given PowerPoint of a given PowerPoint of a given
between us material. between us material. between us material. between us material. between us material.
Discussion: Discussion: Discussion: Discussion: Discussion:
The bitumen sample recorded The bitumen sample recorded The bitumen sample recorded The bitumen sample recorded The bitumen sample recorded
a flash point of 335°C and fire a flash point of 335°C and fire a flash point of 335°C and fire a flash point of 335°C and fire a flash point of 335°C and fire
point of 365°C, which are point of 365°C, which are point of 365°C, which are point of 365°C, which are point of 365°C, which are
significantly higher than the significantly higher than the significantly higher than the significantly higher than the significantly higher than the
minimum standard of 175°C minimum standard of 175°C minimum standard of 175°C minimum standard of 175°C minimum standard of 175°C
as per IS code. This indicates as per IS code. This indicates as per IS code. This indicates as per IS code. This indicates as per IS code. This indicates
that the bitumen possesses that the bitumen possesses that the bitumen possesses that the bitumen possesses that the bitumen possesses
excellent thermal stability and excellent thermal stability and excellent thermal stability and excellent thermal stability and excellent thermal stability and
is safe for use at elevated is safe for use at elevated is safe for use at elevated is safe for use at elevated is safe for use at elevated
temperatures during road temperatures during road temperatures during road temperatures during road temperatures during road
construction. Overall, the construction. Overall, the construction. Overall, the construction. Overall, the construction. Overall, the
bitumen is highly suitable for bitumen is highly suitable for bitumen is highly suitable for bitumen is highly suitable for bitumen is highly suitable for
use in hot mix asphalt use in hot mix asphalt use in hot mix asphalt use in hot mix asphalt use in hot mix asphalt
operations where safety and operations where safety and operations where safety and operations where safety and operations where safety and
stability are critical. stability are critical. stability are critical. stability are critical. stability are critical.