C++ Programming Assignment
Program 1: Demonstration of OOP Principles
Objective: Demonstrate Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Encapsulation and Abstraction
class Person {
private:
string name;
int age;
public:
void setDetails(string n, int a) {
name = n;
age = a;
}
void displayDetails() {
cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << endl;
}
};
// Inheritance
class Student : public Person {
public:
void study() {
cout << "Student is studying." << endl;
}
};
// Polymorphism
class Shape {
public:
virtual void draw() {
cout << "Drawing a shape." << endl;
}
};
class Circle : public Shape {
public:
void draw() override {
cout << "Drawing a circle." << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Student s;
[Link]("Temwa", 20);
[Link]();
[Link]();
Shape* shape;
Circle circle;
shape = &circle;
shape->draw();
return 0;
}
Program 2: Evolution of C++ – Procedural vs. OOP
(a) Procedural Style:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void calculateArea(float length, float width) {
float area = length * width;
cout << "Area: " << area << endl;
}
int main() {
calculateArea(5, 4);
return 0;
}
(b) OOP Style:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
float length, width;
public:
Rectangle(float l, float w) : length(l), width(w) {}
void calculateArea() {
cout << "Area: " << length * width << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Rectangle r(5, 4);
[Link]();
return 0;
}
Program 3: Real-world Modeling using C++
Example: Bank Account System
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class BankAccount {
private:
string owner;
double balance;
public:
BankAccount(string name, double initial) {
owner = name;
balance = initial;
}
void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
}
void withdraw(double amount) {
if (amount <= balance)
balance -= amount;
else
cout << "Insufficient funds." << endl;
}
void display() {
cout << owner << "'s Balance: " << balance << endl;
}
};
int main() {
BankAccount acc("Temwa", 1000);
[Link](500);
[Link](200);
[Link]();
return 0;
}
Program 4: Streams and Unformatted Console I/O
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h> // for getche() and getch()
using namespace std;
int main() {
char c;
cout << "Press any key: ";
c = getch(); // does not echo
cout << "\nYou pressed (hidden): " << c << endl;
cout << "Press another key: ";
c = getche(); // echoes input
cout << "\nYou pressed (shown): " << c << endl;
return 0;
}
Program 5: Manipulators and Stream Classes
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main() {
float num = 123.45678;
cout << "Default: " << num << endl;
cout << "Fixed: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << num << endl;
cout << "Scientific: " << scientific << num << endl;
cout << setw(10) << right << "Right" << endl;
cout << setw(10) << left << "Left" << endl;
return 0;
}
Conclusion
These programs demonstrate key aspects of C++ and OOP concepts, including
encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, procedural vs. OOP design, real-
world modeling, and stream handling.