Scribd
Upload
12 views3 pages

Heating Effect and Power in Electricity

The document explains the heating effect of electric current, detailing electrical energy, Joule's law of heating, and electric power. It defines key concepts such as the relationship between power, energy, and time, and introduces units like watt, kilowatt, and kilowatt hour for measuring electrical energy consumption. Additionally, it provides a method for calculating total electrical energy consumed and its associated costs.

Uploaded by

khushigupta2582017
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views3 pages

Heating Effect and Power in Electricity

The document explains the heating effect of electric current, detailing electrical energy, Joule's law of heating, and electric power. It defines key concepts such as the relationship between power, energy, and time, and introduces units like watt, kilowatt, and kilowatt hour for measuring electrical energy consumption. Additionally, it provides a method for calculating total electrical energy consumed and its associated costs.

Uploaded by

khushigupta2582017
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Heating Effect of Electric Current

1. Electrical energy: The work done or energy supplied by the source (battery or cell) in
maintaining the flow of current in an electric circuit is called as electrical energy. It appears
as heat and is given by

H = VIt = V2t/R = I2Rt

SI unit of electric energy is joule (J) where,

1 J= 1 volt x 1 A x 1 second=

1 watt x 1 second

If the energy is used by an electrical device at the rate of 1 watt, then the total energy used
in 1 second is

equal to 1 joule (J).

2. Joule's law of heating: The heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to

(i) the square of current for a given resistance

(ii) the resistance for a given current (H oc R)

(iii) the time for which the current flows through the

resistor. (Hoc t)

Thus, the heat produced in the wire by current in time

“t” is

Hoc I2Rt or H= KI²Rt

But K=1, so H=1²Rt (joule)

3. Electric power: It is the rate of doing work by anenergy source or the rate at which the
electrical energyis dissipated or consumed per unit time in an electric circuit.

Power P= Work done (W)/ Time (t) = VI = V2/R = I2R

Unit of electric power: SI unit of electric power is watt (W).

Watt: 1 watt is the power consumed by an electrical device that carry 1 ampere current
when operated at a potential difference of 1 volt.
i.e., 1 watt =1 volt × 1 amp.

Bigger units of power are

1 kilowatt = 1 kW = 1000 W = 103 W

1 megawatt = 1 MW = 10° W

• The relationship between watt and joule is given

by (using P = W / t)

1 watt =1J /1 sec

or 1W = 1 J/s

Thus, the electrical energy consumed by an electrical device at the rate of 1J/s is said to be
1 watt.

Using

Power (P) = Electrical energy dissipated (E) / Time (t)

E=Pxt

So, the electrical energy consumed or dissipated by an electrical device is equal to the
product of power and time. The unit of electrical energy is, therefore, watt hour or kilowatt
hour.

watt hour: When 1 watt of power is used by an electrical device for 1 hour continuously,
the energy consumed by that device is said to be 1 watt hour

kilowatt hour (kWh): The commercial unit of electrical energy is called kilowatt hour
(kWh).

The electrical energy used in shops, factories, residential houses, etc. is measured in terms
of kilowatt hour. One kilowatt hour is also called one unit.

One unit = 1 kWh = 1000 Wh

= 1000 watts x 1 hour

= 1000 Js-¹× 3600 s

= 3.6 × 106 J
Thus, if an electrical appliance of power 1000 watt is operated for 1 hour on the main
supply, then it will consume 1 kWh electrical energy or 1 unit of electricity.

1 kWh = 1000 Wh

4. Method to calculate the electrical energy consumed

1 unit means 1 kWh.

• Number of units of electrical energy consumed

Number of kWh = Watt× hours/1000

• Total electrical energy consumed in a month

= Total number of units

= Watt × hours ×days /1000

= Number of units × Number of days in a month.

Total cost of electricity consumed

= Total units x cost per unit of electricity.

You might also like