List of All Articles (1 to 395) And Parts (1 to

Article Provision
22) Of The Indian Constitution

Mehul JoshiOctober 25, 2020 Name and Union.

Article 1 territory of the
0 Comments
List of all articles and parts of the constitution
of India updated in January 2020. Laws made under articles 2
and 3 to provide for the
Constitution Of India amendment of the First and
Article 4
the Fourth Schedules and
supplemental, incidental and
Articles consequential matters.

Parts PART 2: CITIZENSHIP

Citizenship at the
Schedules Article 4 commencement of the
Constitution.
Amendments
Rights of citizenship of certain
Word Count Article 5 persons who have migrated to
India from Pakistan.

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA Rights of citizenship of certain

Article 6
migrants to Pakistan.
CONTENTS
PREAMBLE Rights of citizenship of certain
Article 7 persons of Indian origin
PART 1: THE UNION AND ITS
residing outside India.
TERRITORY

Article Provision Persons voluntarily acquiring

Article 8 citizenship of a foreign State
not to be citizens.
Name and Union.
Article 1 territory of the
Continuance of the rights of
Article 9
citizenship.
Admission or establishment of
Article 2
new States. Parliament to regulate the right
Article 10
of citizenship by law.
Article:2
[Omitted.] PART 3: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
A

General
Formation of new States and
Article 3 alteration of areas, boundaries
or names of existing States. Article 12 Definition.
 Laws inconsistent with or in labour.
Article 13 derogation of the
fundamental rights.
Prohibition of employment
Article 24
of children in factories, etc.
Right to Equality
Right to Freedom of
Article 14 Equality before law. Religion

Prohibition of discrimination Freedom of conscience and

Article 15 on grounds of religion, race, Article 25 free profession, practice and
caste, sex or place of birth. propagation of religion.

Equality of opportunity in Freedom to manage religious

Article 26
Article 16 matters of public affairs.
employment.
Freedom as to payment of
Article 17 Abolition of Untouchability. Article 27 taxes for promotion of any
particular religion.

Article 18 Abolition of titles.

Freedom as to attendance at
religious instruction or
Right to Freedom Article 28
religious worship in certain
educational institutions.
Protection of certain rights
Article 19 regarding freedom of speech, Cultural and Educational
etc. Rights

Protection in respect of Protection of interests of

Article 20 Article 29
conviction for offences. minorities.

Protection of life and Right of minorities to

Article 21
personal liberty. Article 30 establish and administer
educational institutions.
Article–
Right to education.
21A Article 31 [Omitted.]

Protection against arrest and Saving of Certain Laws

Article 22
detention in certain cases.
Saving of Laws providing
Article–
Right against Exploitation for the acquisition of estates,
31A
etc.
Article 23 Prohibition of traffic in
human beings and forced Article 31B Validation of certain Acts
 and Regulations. Equal justice and free legal
Article:39A
aid.
Saving of laws giving effect
Article 31C to certain directive Organisation of village
Article 40
principles. panchayats.

Article 31D [Omitted.] Right to work, to education

Article 41 and to public assistance in
certain cases.
Right to Constitutional
Remedies
Provision for just and
Article 42 humane conditions of work
Remedies for enforcement of
Article 32 and maternity relief.
rights conferred by this Part.

Living wage, etc., for

Article 32A [Omitted.] Article 43
workers.

Power of Parliament to
Participation of workers in
modify the rights conferred Article 43A
Article 33 management of industries.
by this Part in their
application to Forces, etc.
Promotion of co-operative
Article 43B
societies.
Restriction on rights
conferred by this Part while
Article 34
martial law is in force in any Uniform civil code for the
Article 44
area. citizens.

Legislation to give effect to Provision for early childhood

Article 35
the provisions of this Part. care and education to
Article 45
children below the age of six
PART 4: DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF years.
STATE POLICY
Promotion of educational and
Article 36 Definition. economic interests of
Article 46 Scheduled Castes, Scheduled
Application of the principles Tribes and other weaker
Article 37 sections.
contained in this Part.

State to secure a social order Duty of the State to raise the

Article 38 for the promotion of welfare level of nutrition and the
Article 47
of the people. standard of living and to
improve public health

Certain principles of policy

Article 39 Organisation of agriculture
to be followed by the State. Article 48
and animal husbandry.
 Protection and improvement Conditions of President’s
Article 59
of environment and office.
Article 48A
safeguarding of forests and
wild life.
Oath or affirmation by the
Article 60
President.
Protection of monuments and
Article 49 places and objects of national
Procedure for impeachment
importance. Article 61
of the President.

Separation of judiciary from

Article 50 Time of holding election to
executive.
fill vacancy in the office of
Article 62 President and the term of
Promotion of international office of person elected to
Article 51
peace and security. fill casual vacancy.

PART 4A: FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

The Vice-President of
Article 63
India.
Article 51A Fundamental duties.

PART 5: THE UNION The Vice-President to be ex

Article 64 officio Chairman of the
CHAPTER 1-THE Council of States.
EXECUTIVE
The Vice-President to act as
The President and Vice- President or to discharge his
President functions during casual
Article 65
vacancies in the office, or
during the absence, of
Article 52 The President of India. President.

Executive power of the Article 66 Election of Vice-President.

Article 53
Union.

Term of office of Vice-

Article 54 Election of President. Article 67
President.

Manner of election of Time of holding election to

Article 55
President. fill vacancy in the office of
Article 68 Vice-President and the term
Article 56 Term of office of President. of office of person elected
to fill casual vacancy.

Article 57 Eligibility for re-election.

Oath or affirmation by the
Article 69
Vice-President.
Qualifications for election
Article 58
as President.
Article 70 Discharge of President’s
 functions in other General
contingencies.
Article 79 Constitution of Parliament.
Matters relating to, or
connected with, the election
Article 71 Composition of the Council
of a President or Vice- Article 80
of States.
President.

Composition of the House

Power of President to grant Article 81
of the People.
pardons, etc., and to
Article 72
suspend, remit or commute
sentences in certain cases. Readjustment after each
Article 82
census.
Extent of executive power
Article 73
of the Union. Duration of Houses of
Article 83
Parliament.
Council of Ministers
Qualification for
Article 84
membership of Parliament.
Council of Ministers to aid
Article 74
and advise President.
Sessions of Parliament,
Article 85
prorogation and dissolution.
Other provisions as to
Article 75
Ministers.
Right of President to
Article 86 address and send messages
The Attorney-General for
to Houses.
India

Special address by the

Article 76 Attorney-General for India. Article 87
President.

Conduct of Government
Rights of Ministers and
Business
Article 88 Attorney-General as
respects Houses.
Conduct of business of the
Article 77
Government of India.
Officers of Parliament

Duties of Prime Minister as

The Chairman and Deputy
respects the furnishing of
Article 78 Article 89 Chairman of the Council of
information to the
States.
President, etc.

Vacation and resignation of,

CHAPTER 2-
Article 90 and removal from, the
PARLIAMENT
office of Deputy Chairman.
 Power of the Deputy Voting in Houses, power of
Chairman or other person to Houses to act
Article 100
Article 91 perform the duties of the notwithstanding vacancies
office of, or to act as, and quorum.
Chairman.
Disqualifications of
The Chairman or the Members
Deputy Chairman not to
Article 92 preside while a resolution
Article 101 Vacation of seats.
for his removal from office
is under consideration.
Disqualifications for
Article 102
membership.
The Speaker and Deputy
Article 93 Speaker of the House of the
People. Decision on questions as to
Article 103 disqualifications of
members.
Vacation and resignation of,
and removal from, the
Article 94
offices of Speaker and Penalty for sitting and
Deputy Speaker. voting before making oath
Article 104 or affirmation under article
99 or when not qualified or
Power of the Deputy
when disqualified.
Speaker or other person to
Article 95 perform the duties of the
office of, or to act as, Powers, Privileges and
Speaker. Immunities of Parliament
and its Members
The Speaker or the Deputy
Speaker not to preside Powers, privileges, etc., of
Article 96 while a resolution for his the Houses of Parliament
Article 105
removal from office is and of the members and
under consideration. committees thereof.

Salaries and allowances of Salaries and allowances of

Article 106
the Chairman and Deputy members.
Article 97
Chairman and the Speaker
and Deputy Speaker.
Legislative Procedure

Article 98 Secretariat of Parliament.

Provisions as to
Article 107 introduction and passing of
Conduct of Business Bills.

Oath or affirmation by Joint sitting of both Houses

Article 99 Article 108
members. in certain cases.
 Special procedure in respect Courts not to inquire into
Article 109 Article 122
of Money Bills. proceedings of Parliament.

Definition of “Money CHAPTER-3

Article 110
Bills”. LEGISLATIVE POWERS
OF THE PRESIDENT
Article 111 Assent to Bills.
Power of President to
Article 123 promulgate Ordinances
Procedure in Financial
during recess of Parliament.
Matters

CHAPTER-4 THE UNION

Article 112 Annual financial statement.
JUDICIARY

Procedure in Parliament
Article 113 Establishment and
with respect to estimates.
Article 124 constitution of Supreme
Court.
Article 114 Appropriation Bills.
Article– National Judicial
Supplementary, additional 124A Appointments Commission.
Article 115
or excess grants.
Article 124B Functions of Commission.
Votes on account, votes of
Article 116 credit and exceptional
Power of Parliament to
grants. Article 124C
make law.

Special provisions as to
Article 117 Article 125 Salaries, etc., of Judges.
financial Bills.

Appointment of acting
Procedure Generally Article 126
Chief Justice.

Article 118 Rules of procedure.

Appointment of ad hoc
Article 127
judges.
Regulation by law of
procedure in Parliament in
Article 119 Attendance of retired
relation to financial
Article 128 Judges at sittings of the
business.
Supreme Court.

Language to be used in
Article 120 Supreme Court to be a court
Parliament. Article 129
of record.

Restriction on discussion in
Article 121 Article 130 Seat of Supreme Court.
Parliament.
 Original jurisdiction of the Ancillary powers of
Article 131 Article 140
Supreme Court. Supreme Court.

Article 131A [Omitted.] Law declared by Supreme

Article 141 Court to be binding on all
courts.
Appellate jurisdiction of
Supreme Court in appeals
Article 132
from High Courts in certain Enforcement of decrees and
cases. orders of Supreme Court
Article 142
and orders as to discovery,
etc.
Appellate jurisdiction of
Supreme Court in appeals
Article 133
from High Courts in regard Power of President to
Article 143
to civil matters. consult Supreme Court.

Appellate jurisdiction of Civil and judicial

Article 134 Supreme Court in regard to Article 144 authorities to act in aid of
criminal matters. the Supreme Court.

Certificate for appeal to the Article:144A [Omitted.]

Article 134A
Supreme Court.
Article 145 Rules of Court, etc.
Jurisdiction and powers of
the Federal Court under
Officers and servants and
Article 135 existing law to be
Article 146 the expenses of the
exercisable by the Supreme
Supreme Court.
Court.

Article 147 Interpretation.

Special leave to appeal by
Article 136
the Supreme Court.
CHAPTER-5:
COMPTROLLER AND
Review of judgments or
AUDITOR GENERAL OF
Article 137 orders by the Supreme
INDIA
Court.

Comptroller and Auditor-

Enlargement of the Article 148
General of India.
Article 138 jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court.
Duties and powers of the
Article 149 Comptroller and Auditor-
Conferment on the Supreme
General.
Article 139 Court of powers to issue
certain writs.
Form of accounts of the
Article 150
Union and of the States.
Article 139A Transfer of certain cases.
 Article 151 Audit reports. Council of Ministers

PART 6: THE STATES

Council of Ministers to aid
Article 163
and advise Governor.
CHAPTER-1: GENERAL

Other provisions as to
Article 152 Definition. Article 164
Ministers.

CHAPTER-2: THE The Advocate-General for

EXECUTIVE the State

The Governor Advocate-General for the

Article 165
State.
Article 153 Governors of States.
Conduct of Government
Article 154 Executive power of State. Business

Article 155 Appointment of Governor. Conduct of business of the

Article 166
Government of a State.

Article 156 Term of office of Governor.

Duties of Chief Minister as
respects the furnishing of
Qualifications for Article 167
Article 157 information to Governor,
appointment as Governor. etc.

Conditions of Governor’s CHAPTER-3: THE STATE

Article 158
office. LEGISLATURE

Oath or affirmation by the General

Article 159
Governor.

Constitution of Legislatures
Discharge of the functions Article 168
in States.
Article 160 of the Governor in certain
contingencies.
Abolition or creation of
Article 169 Legislative Councils in
Power of Governor to grant States.
pardons, etc., and to
Article 161
suspend, remit or commute
sentences in certain cases. Composition of the
Article 170
Legislative Assemblies.

Extent of executive power

Article 162 Composition of the
of State. Article 171
Legislative Councils.
 Duration of State The Chairman and Deputy
Article 172
Legislatures. Article 182 Chairman of the Legislative
Council.
Qualification for
Article 173 membership of the State Vacation and resignation of,
Legislature. and removal from, the
Article 183
offices of Chairman and
Deputy Chairman.
Sessions of the State
Article 174 Legislature, prorogation and
dissolution. Power of the Deputy
Chairman or other person to
Article 184 perform the duties of the
Right of Governor to
office of, or to act as,
Article 175 address and send messages
Chairman.
to the House or Houses.

The Chairman or the

Special address by the
Article 176 Deputy Chairman not to
Governor.
Article 185 preside while a resolution
for his removal from office
Rights of Ministers and is under consideration.
Article 177 Advocate-General as
respects the Houses.
Salaries and allowances of
the Speaker and Deputy
Article 186
Officers of the State Speaker and the Chairman
Legislature and Deputy Chairman.

The Speaker and Deputy Secretariat of State

Article 187
Article 178 Speaker of the Legislative Legislature.
Assembly.
Conduct of Business
Vacation and resignation of,
and removal from, the
Article 179 Oath or affirmation by
offices of Speaker and Article 188
members.
Deputy Speaker.

Voting in Houses, power of

Power of the Deputy
Houses to act
Speaker or other person to Article 189
notwithstanding vacancies
Article 180 perform the duties of the
and quorum.
office of, or to act as,
Speaker.
Disqualifications of
Members
The Speaker or the Deputy
Speaker not to preside
Article 181 while a resolution for his Article 190 Vacation of seats.
removal from office is
under consideration.
Article 191 Disqualifications for
 membership. Bills reserved for
Article 201
consideration.
Decision on questions as to
Article 192 disqualifications of Procedure in Financial
members. Matters

Penalty for sitting and Article 202 Annual financial statement.

voting before making oath
Article 193 or affirmation under article
188 or when not qualified Procedure in Legislature
Article 203
or when disqualified. with respect to estimates.

Powers, privileges and Article 204 Appropriation Bills.

immunities of State
Legislatures and their Supplementary, additional
Members Article 205
or excess grants.

Powers, privileges, etc., of Votes on account, votes of

the Houses of Legislatures Article 206 credit and exceptional
Article 194
and of the members and grants.
committees thereof.

Special provisions as to
Salaries and allowances of Article 207
Article 195 financial Bills.
members.

Procedure Generally
Legislative Procedure

Article 208 Rules of procedure.

Provisions as to
Article 196 introduction and passing of
Bills. Regulation by law of
procedure in the Legislature
Article 209
of the State in relation to
Restriction on powers of financial business.
Legislative Council as to
Article 197
Bills other than Money
Bills. Language to be used in the
Article 210
Legislature.

Special procedure in respect

Article 198 Restriction on discussion in
of Money Bills. Article 211
the Legislature.

Definition of “Money
Article 199 Courts not to inquire into
Bills”.
Article 212 proceedings of the
Legislature.
Article–
Assent to Bills.
200
 CHAPTER-4: and acting Judges.
LEGISLATIVE POWER
OF THE GOVERNOR
Appointment of retired
Article:224A Judges at sittings of High
Power of Governor to Courts.
promulgate Ordinances
Article 213
during recess of
Jurisdiction of existing
Legislature. Article 225
High Courts.

CHAPTER-5: THE HIGH

Power of High Courts to
COURTS IN THE STATES Article 226
issue certain writs.

Article 214 High Courts for States.

Article 226A [Omitted]

High Courts to be courts of

Article 215 Power of superintendence
record.
Article 227 over all courts by the High
Court.
Constitution of High
Article 216
Courts.
Transfer of certain cases to
Article 228
High Court.
Appointment and
Article 217 conditions of the office of a
Article:228A [Omitted .]
Judge of a High Court.

Officers and servants and

Application of certain
Article 229 the expenses of High
provisions relating to
Article 218 Courts.
Supreme Court to High
Courts.
Extension of jurisdiction of
Article 230 High Courts to Union
Oath or affirmation by
Article 219 territories.
Judges of High Courts.

Establishment of a common
Restriction on practice after
Article 220 Article 231 High Court for two or more
being a permanent Judge.
States.

Article 221 Salaries, etc., of Judges.

CHAPTER-6:
SUBORDINATE COURTS
Transfer of a Judge from
Article 222
one High Court to another.
[Omitted .]
Article 232
(7th Amendment)
Appointment of acting
Article 223
Chief Justice.
Appointment of district
Article 233
judges.
Article 224 Appointment of additional
 Validation of appointments Legislature.
of, and judgments, etc.,
Article 233
delivered by, certain district
Power of President to
judges.
Article 240 make regulations for
certain Union territories.
Recruitment of persons
Article 234 other than district judges to
High Courts for Union
the judicial service. Article 241
territories.

Control over subordinate

Article 235 Article 242 [Omitted .]
courts.
PART 9: THE PANCHAYATS
Article 236 Interpretation.
Article
Definitions.
Application of the 243
provisions of this Chapter
Article 237
to certain class or classes of Article
magistrates. Gram Sabha.
243A

PART 7: THE STATES IN PART B OF THE

FIRST SCHEDULE Article
Constitution of Panchayats.
243B
Whole Part 7 Omitted
Article
Article 238 Composition of Panchayats
243C
PART 8: THE UNION TERRITORIES
Article
Reservation of seats.
Administration of Union 243D
Article 239
territories.
Article
Duration of Panchayats, etc.
Creation of local 243E
Legislatures or Council of
Article 239A
Ministers or both for Article Disqualifications for
certain Union territories. 243F membership.

Special provisions with Article Powers, authority and

Article:239AA
respect to Delhi. 243G responsibilities of Panchayats.

Provision in case of Article Powers to impose taxes by, and

Article:239AB failure of constitutional 243H Funds of, the Panchayats.
machinery.

Constitution of Finance
Article 239B Power of administrator to Article
Commission to review financial
promulgate Ordinances 243I
position.
during recess of
 Article Audit of accounts of etc.
243J Panchayats.
Article Power to impose taxes by, and
Article 243X Funds of, the Municipalities.
Elections to the Panchayats.
243K
Article
Finance Commission.
Article 243Y
Application to Union territories.
243L
Article Audit of accounts of
Article Part not to apply to certain 243Z Municipalities.
243M areas.
Article
Elections to the Municipalities.
Article Continuance of existing laws 243ZA
243N and Panchayats.
Article
Application to Union territories.
Article Bar to interference by courts in 243ZB
243O electoral matters
Article
PART 9A: THE MUNICIPALITIES Part not to apply to certain areas.
243ZC
Article
Definitions. Article
243P Committee for district planning.
243ZD
Article
Constitution of Municipalities. Article Committee for Metropolitan
243Q
243ZE planning.
Article
Composition of Municipalities. Article Continuance of existing laws and
243R
243ZF Municipalities.
Article Constitution and composition of
243S Wards Committees, etc. Article Bar to interference by courts in
243ZG electoral matters.
Article
Reservation of seats. PART 9B: THE CO-OPERATIVE
243T
SOCIETIES

Article Article
Duration of Municipalities, etc. Definitions.
243U 243ZH

Article Disqualifications for Article Incorporation of co-operative

243V membership. 243ZI societies.

Article Powers, authority and Article Number and term of members

243W responsibilities of Municipalities, 243ZJ of board and its office bearers.
 PART 11: RELATIONS BETWEEN THE
Article
Election of members of board. UNION AND THE STATES
243ZK
CHAPTER-1:
Supersession and suspension LEGISLATIVE
Article
of board and interim RELATIONS
243ZL
management.
Distribution of Legislative
Article Audit of accounts of co- Powers
243ZM operative societies.
Extent of laws made by
Article Convening of general body Article 245 Parliament and by the
243ZN meetings. Legislatures of States.

Article Right of a member to get Subject-matter of laws

243ZO information. Article 246 made by Parliament and by
the Legislatures of States.
Article
Returns.
243ZP Power of Parliament to
provide for the
Article 247
establishment of certain
Article
Offences and penalties. additional courts.
243ZQ

Residuary powers of
Article Application to multi-State co- Article 248
legislation.
243ZR operative societies.

Power of Parliament to
Article Application to Union
legislate with respect to a
243ZS territories. Article 249
matter in the State List in
the national interest.
Article
Continuance of existing laws.
243ZT
Power of Parliament to
legislate with respect to any
PART 10: THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL
Article 250 matter in the State List if a
AREAS
Proclamation of Emergency
is in operation.
Administration of
Article 244 Scheduled Areas and Tribal
Areas. Inconsistency between laws
made by Parliament under
Article 251 articles 249 and 250 and
Formation of an laws made by the
autonomous State Legislatures of States.
comprising certain tribal
Article:244A areas in Assam and creation
of local Legislature or Article 252 Power of Parliament to
Council of Ministers or both legislate for two or more
therefor. States by consent and
 adoption of such legislation Public acts, records and
Article 261
by any other State. judicial proceedings.

Legislation for giving effect Disputes relating to Waters

Article 253
to international agreements.
Adjudication of disputes
Inconsistency between laws Article 262 relating to waters of inter-
made by Parliament and State rivers or river valleys.
Article 254
laws made by the
Legislatures of States.
Co-ordination between
States
Requirements as to
recommendations and
Provisions with respect to
Article 255 previous sanctions to be Article 263
an inter-State Council.
regarded as matters of
procedure only.
PART 12: FINANCE, PROPERTY,
CONTRACTS AND SUITS
CHAPTER-2:
ADMINISTRATIVE CHAPTER-1: FINANCE
RELATIONS

General
General

Article 264 Interpretation.

Obligation of States and the
Article 256
Union.
Taxes not to be imposed
Article 265
save by authority of law.
Control of the Union over
Article 257
States in certain cases.
Consolidated Funds and
Article 266 public accounts of India and
Article:257A [Omitted .] of the States.

Power of the Union to Article 267 Contingency Fund.

Article 258 confer powers, etc., on
States in certain cases.
Distribution of Revenues
between the Union and the
Power of the States to States
Article:258A entrust functions to the
Union.
Duties levied by the Union
Article 268 but collected and
Article 259 [Omitted .] appropriated by the State.

Jurisdiction of the Union in Article:268A [Omitted]

Article 260 relation to territories outside
India.
Article 269 Taxes levied and collected
 by the Union but assigned Expenditure defrayable by
to the States. Article 282 the Union or a State out of
its revenues.
Taxes levied and distributed
Article 270 between the Union and the Custody, etc., of
States. Consolidated Funds,
Article 283 Contingency Funds and
moneys credited to the
Surcharge on certain duties
public accounts.
Article 271 and taxes for purposes of
the Union.
Custody of suitors’ deposits
and other moneys received
Article 272 [Omitted.] Article 284
by public servants and
courts.
Grants in lieu of export duty
Article 273
on jute and jute products.
Exemption of property of
Article 285 the Union from State
Prior recommendation of taxation.
President required to Bills
Article 274
affecting taxation in which
Restrictions as to
States are interested.
Article 286 imposition of tax on the sale
or purchase of goods.
Grants from the Union to
Article 275
certain States.
Exemption from taxes on
Article 287
electricity.
Taxes on professions,
Article 276 trades, callings and
Exemption from taxation by
employments.
Article 288 States in respect of water or
electricity in certain cases.
Article 277 Savings.
Exemption of property and
Article 278 [Omitted.] Article 289 income of a State from
Union taxation.
Calculation of “net
Article 279
proceeds”, etc. Adjustment in respect of
Article 290 certain expenses and
pensions.
Article 280 Finance Commission.

Annual payment to certain

Recommendations of the Article 290A
Article 281 Devaswom Funds.
Finance Commission.

Article 291 [Omitted .]

Miscellaneous financial
provisions
CHAPTER-2:
 PART 13: TRADE, COMMERCE AND
BORROWING
INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY
OF INDIA
Borrowing by the
Article 292
Government of India. Freedom of trade, commerce
Article 301
and intercourse.
Article 293 Borrowing by States.
Power of Parliament to
Article 302 impose restrictions on trade,
CHAPTER-3: PROPERTY,
commerce and intercourse.
CONTRACTS, RIGHTS,
LIABILITIES,
OBLIGATIONS AND Restrictions on the legislative
SUITS powers of the Union and of
Article 303
the States with regard to trade
and commerce.
Succession to property,
Article 294 assets, rights, liabilities and
obligations in certain cases. Restrictions on trade,
Article 304 commerce and intercourse
among States.
Succession to property,
Article 295 assets, rights, liabilities and
obligations in other cases. Saving of existing laws and
Article 305 laws providing for State
monopolies.
Property accruing by
Article 296 escheat or laps or as bona
vacantia. Article:30
[Omitted .]
6
Things of value within
territorial waters or Appointment of authority for
continental shelf and Article 307 carrying out the purposes of
Article 297
resources of the exclusive articles 301 to 304.
economic zone to vest in
the Union. PART 14: SERVICES UNDER THE UNION
AND THE STATES
Article 298 Power to carry on trade, etc.
CHAPTER-1: SERVICES

Article 299 Contracts.

Article 308 Interpretation.

Article 300 Suits and proceedings.

Recruitment and conditions
of service of persons
CHAPTER-4: RIGHT TO Article 309
serving the Union or a
PROPERTY State.

Persons not to be deprived Article 310 Tenure of office of persons

Article 300A of property save by serving the Union or a
authority of law.
 State. Power to extend functions
Article 321 of Public Service
Commissions.
Dismissal, removal or
reduction in rank of persons
Article 311
employed in civil capacities Expenses of Public Service
Article 322
under the Union or a State. Commissions.

Article 312 All-India services. Reports of Public Service

Article 323
Commissions.
Power of Parliament to vary
or revoke conditions of
Article:312A
service of officers of certain
services.
PART 14A: TRIBUNALS

Article 313 Transitional provisions. Article

Administrative tribunals.
323A
Article 314 [Omitted .]
Article 323B Tribunals for other matters.
CHAPTER-2: PUBLIC
SERVICE COMMISSIONS PART 15: ELECTIONS

Superintendence, direction
Public Service and control of elections to
Article 315 Commissions for the Union Article 324
be vested in an Election
and for the States. Commission.

Appointment and term of No person to be ineligible

Article 316
office of members. for inclusion in, or to claim
Article 325 to be included in a special,
Removal and suspension of electoral roll on grounds of
Article 317 a member of a Public religion, race, caste or sex.
Service Commission.
Elections to the House of
Power to make regulations the People and to the
as to conditions of service Article 326 Legislative Assemblies of
Article 318 States to be on the basis of
of members and staff of the
Commission. adult suffrage.

Prohibition as to the holding Power of Parliament to

of offices by members of Article 327 make provision with respect
Article 319 to elections to Legislatures.
Commission on ceasing to
be such members.
Article 328 Power of Legislature of a
Functions of Public Service State to make provision
Article 320 with respect to elections to
Commissions.
 such Legislature. Indian Community.

Bar to interference by National Commission for

Article 329 Article 338
courts in electoral matters. Scheduled Castes.

Article:329A [Omitted .] National Commission for

Article:338A
Scheduled Tribes.
PART 16: SPECIAL PROVISIONS
RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES
National Commission for
Article 338B
Backward Classes.
Reservation of seats for
Scheduled Castes and
Article 330 Control of the Union over
Scheduled Tribes in the
House of the People. the administration of
Article 339 Scheduled Areas and the
welfare of Scheduled
Representation of the Tribes.
Article 331 Anglo-Indian community in
the House of the People.
Appointment of a
Commission to investigate
Reservation of seats for Article 340
the conditions of backward
Scheduled Castes and classes.
Article 332 Scheduled Tribes in the
Legislative Assemblies of
the States. Article 341 Scheduled Castes.

Representation of the Article 342 Scheduled Tribes.

Anglo-Indian community in
Article 333
the Legislative Assemblies
Socially and educationally
of the States. Article 342A
backward classes.

Reservation of seats and PART 17: OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

Article 334 special representation to
cease after seventy years. CHAPTER-1:
LANGUAGE OF THE
UNION
Claims of Scheduled Castes
Article 335 and Scheduled Tribes to
services and posts. Official language of the
Article 343
Union.
Special provision for
Article 336 Anglo-Indian community in Commission and
certain services. Article 344 Committee of Parliament on
official language.
Article 337 Special provision with
respect to educational grants CHAPTER-2: REGIONAL
for the benefit of Anglo- LANGUAGES
 Official language or Proclamation of
Article 345 Article 352
languages of a State. Emergency.

Official language for Effect of Proclamation of

Article 353
communication between Emergency.
Article 346 one State and another or
between a State and the
Application of provisions
Union.
relating to distribution of
Article 354 revenues while a
Special provision relating to Proclamation of Emergency
language spoken by a is in operation.
Article 347
section of the population of
a State.
Duty of the Union to protect
States against external
Article 355
CHAPTER-3: aggression and internal
LANGUAGE OF THE disturbance.
SUPREME COURT, HIGH
COURTS, ETC.
Provisions in case of failure
Article 356 of constitutional machinery
Language to be used in the in States.
Supreme Court and in the
Article 348
High Courts and for Acts,
Exercise of legislative
Bills, etc.
Article 357 powers under Proclamation
issued under article 356.
Special procedure for
Article 349 enactment of certain laws
Suspension of provisions
relating to language.
Article 358 of article 19 during
emergencies.
CHAPTER-4: SPECIAL
DIRECTIVES
Suspension of the
enforcement of the rights
Language to be used in Article 359
conferred by Part III during
Article 350 representations for redress emergencies.
of grievances.

Article:359A 359A. [Omitted.]

Facilities for instruction in
Article:350A mother-tongue at primary
stage. Provisions as to financial
Article 360
emergency.

Special Officer for

Article 350B
linguistic minorities.

Directive for development PART 19: MISCELLANEOUS

Article 351
of the Hindi language.
Article 361 Protection of President and
PART 18: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
 Governors and Temporary power to
Rajpramukhs. Parliament to make laws
with respect to certain
Article 369
matters in the State List as
Protection of publication of
if they were matters in the
Article:361A proceedings of Parliament
Concurrent List.
and State Legislatures.

Disqualification for
Article 361B appointment on
remunerative political post.

Article 362 [Omitted.]

Bar to interference by
courts in disputes arising
Article 363
out of certain treaties,
agreements, etc.

Recognition granted to
Rulers of Indian States to
Article 363A
cease and privy purses to be
abolished.

Special provisions as to
Article 364 major ports and
aerodromes.

Effect of failure to comply

with, or to give effect to,
Article 365
directions given by the
Union.

Article 366 Definitions.

Article 367 Interpretation.

PART 20: AMENDMENT OF THE

CONSTITUTION

Power of Parliament to amend

Article
the Constitution and procedure
368
therefor.

PART 21: TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL

AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS
 Temporary provisions with respect to the State of
Article 370 respect to the State of Karnataka.
Jammu and Kashmir.
Continuance in force of
Special provision with Article 372 existing laws and their
Article 370 respect to the States of adaptation.
Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Power of the President to
Article 372A
Special provision with adapt laws.
Article:371A respect to the State of
Nagaland.
Power of President to make
order in respect of persons
Article 373
Special provision with under preventive detention
Article 371B respect to the State of in certain cases.
Assam.
Provisions as to Judges of
Special provision with the Federal Court and
Article 371C respect to the State of Article 374 proceedings pending in the
Manipur. Federal Court or before His
Majesty in Council.
Special provisions with
respect to the State of Courts, authorities and
Article:371D
Andhra Pradesh or the officers to continue to
State of Telangana Article 375 function subject to the
provisions of the
Constitution.
Establishment of Central
Article 371E University in Andhra
Pradesh. Provisions as to Judges of
Article 376
High Courts.
Special provisions with
Article 371F respect to the State of Provisions as to
Sikkim. Article 377 Comptroller and Auditor-
General of India.
Special provision with
Article 371G respect to the State of Provisions as to Public
Article 378
Mizoram. Service Commissions.

Special provision with Special provision as to

Article 371H respect to the State of Article 378A duration of Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh. Legislative Assembly.

Special provision with Article 379

Article 371I [Omitted.]
respect to the State of Goa. to 391

Article 371J Special provisions with Article 392 Power of the President to
 remove difficulties.

PART 22: SHORT TITLE,

COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE
TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS

Article
Short title.
393

Article
Commencement.
394

Article Authoritative text in the Hindi

394A language.

Article
Repeals.
395
 8. Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan
(1997)

 Year 197
 Petitioner Vishaa
Absolutely! Building upon the earlier list,  Significance The Supreme Court
here are additional landmark Supreme laid down guidelines to prevent
Court cases in Indian polity, along with sexual harassment at the
their years and key individuals involved. workplace, recognizing it as a
These cases have significantly influenced violation of fundamental rights
constitutional interpretation, federalism, under Articles 14, 19, and 2.
fundamental rights, and the balance of citeturn0search0
power between the legislature, executive,
and judiciary. 9. I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu
(2007)

 Year 207
🇮🇳 Landmark Supreme Court  Petitioner I.R. Coelo
Cases in Indian Polity (Continued)  Significance The Supreme Court
held that laws placed under the
6. Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975) Ninth Schedule of the Constitution
are subject to judicial review if
they violate the basic structure
 Year 195
doctrin.
 Petitioner Raj Naran
citeturn0search4
 Significance This case led to the
39th Amendment, which sought to
10. Berubari Union Case (1960)
immunize the election of the Prime
Minister from judicial review. The
 Year 190
Supreme Court upheld the election
 Petitioner Union of Inda
of Indira Gandhi but struck down
 Significance The Supreme Court
the amendment, reinforcing the
ruled that the Preamble is not a part
principle of judicial review and the
of the Constitution and that the
basic structure doctrin.
Parliament cannot cede any part of
citeturn0search3
Indian territory to a foreign country
7. Golaknath v. State of Punjab without a constitutional
(1967) amendmen.
citeturn0search4
 Year 197
11. Mumbai Kamgar Sabha v. M/s.
 Petitioner Golaknah
Abdulbhai Faizullabhai (1976)
 Significance The Supreme Court
ruled that Parliament could not
 Year 196
amend fundamental rights, thereby
 Petitioner Mumbai Kamgar
limiting its power to alter the
Saba
Constitution. This judgment was
 Significance This case is
later overturned by the
considered to be the foundation of
Kesavananda Bharati cas.
public interest litigation (PIL) in
citeturn0search3
India, allowing the judiciary to
 address issues affecting the public sex relationships, upholding the
at larg. citeturn0search4 right to equality and personal
autonom.
12. M.C. Mehta v. Union of India citeturn0search0
(1987)

 Year 197
 Petitioner M.C. Meha These cases are pivotal in understanding
 Significance Following the the evolution of India's constitutional
Oleum Gas Leak, the Supreme framework and are frequently referenced
Court introduced the principle of in TNPSC Group 1 examination. For a
absolute liability, holding more comprehensive study, consider
hazardous industries strictly liable referring to standard textbooks and legal
for any damage caused, without commentaries on Indian polity.
exception.
citeturn0search5 Certainly! Here are some landmark
Supreme Court cases in Indian polity from
13. Aveek Sarkar v. State of West 2019 to 2025 that are relevant for TNPSC
Bengal (2014) Group 1 preparation:

 Year 204
 Petitioner Aveek Sarkr
 Significance The Supreme Court 🇮🇳 Landmark Supreme Court
redefined the legal standard for Cases in Indian Polity (2019–2025)
determining obscenity under Indian
law, rejecting the outdated Hicklin 1. Janhit Abhiyan v. Union of India
test in favor of the more (2019)
progressive "community standards
test" citeturn0search18  Year 209
 Petitioner Janhit Abhiyn
14. Puttaswamy v. Union of India
 Significance The Supreme Court
(2017)
upheld the 103rd Constitutional
Amendment, allowing 10%
 Year 207 reservation for economically
 Petitioner Justice K.S. weaker sections (EWS) in
Puttasway education and employment, ruling
 Significance The Supreme Court that it does not violate the basic
held that the right to privacy is structure of the Constitutio.
protected as a fundamental right
under Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the 2. Deepika Singh v. Central
Constitutio. Administrative Tribunal (2022)
citeturn0search19
 Year 202
15. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of
 Petitioner Deepika Sinh
India (2018)
 Significance The Court
expanded the definition of 'family'
 Year 208 under Indian law, granting
 Petitioner Navtej Singh Johr maternity leave to a woman for her
 Significance The Supreme Court husband's children from a previous
decriminalized consensual same-
 marriage, thereby promoting 6. Governor's Role in State
gender equalit. Legislation (2025)

3. Aligarh Muslim University v.  Year 205

Naresh Agarwal (2024)  Petitioner State of Tamil Nau
 Significance The Supreme Court
 Year 204 ruled that a state governor cannot
 Petitioner Naresh Agarwl exercise an absolute or pocket veto
 Significance The Supreme Court over legislation duly passed by the
ruled that Aligarh Muslim state legislature, reinforcing the
University (AMU) cannot claim federal structure and parliamentary
minority status solely based on its democrac.
establishment by a central law,
emphasizing that minority
institutions must be established and
administered by the minority These cases are pivotal in understanding
communit. the evolution of India's constitutional
framework and are frequently referenced
4. Electoral Bonds Case (2024) in TNPSC Group 1 examinations. For a
more comprehensive study, consider
 Year 204 referring to standard textbooks and legal
 Petitioner Association for commentaries on Indian polity.
Democratic Refors
 Significance The Court struck
down the Electoral Bonds scheme,
declaring it unconstitutional for
violating the right to information
under Article 19(1)(a), as it
allowed anonymous political
donations, undermining
transparency in electoral
fundin.

5. Caste-Based Segregation in
Prisons (2024)

 Year 204
 Petitioner Janhit Abhiyn
 Significance The Supreme Court
declared caste-based segregation in
prisons unconstitutional, ruling that
assigning tasks based on caste
violates Article 15, which prohibits
discrimination on grounds of
religion, race, caste, sex, or place
of birt.