Precalculus Final Review:

There are a lot of questions on this review! Prioritize topics you need more practice on!
Topics:
​ Determine the size and elements in a sample ​ Identify binomial experiments by verifying the
space four conditions.
​ Calculate the probability of a simple event. ​ Number of observations, n, is fixed
​ Analyze two-way frequency tables to ​ Each observation is independent
determine conditional probabilities ​ Each observation represents “success” or
​ Determine if two events are independent using “failure”
calculated probability using ​ The probability of “success”, p, stays the
→ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) or same for each trial
​ Calculate binomial probabilities using the
→ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) · 𝑃(𝐵)
binomial probability formula:
​ Identify scenarios when order matters 𝑥 𝑥−𝑛
(permutations) and when order doesn't matter ​ 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝐶 · 𝑝 (1 − 𝑝)
𝑛 𝑥
where:
(combinations). ​ n = number of trials
​ Use factorials! ​ x = number of successes
​ Calculate permutations: ​ p = probability of success
​ 𝑃 =
𝑛! ​ Identify and distinguish uniform, normal, and
𝑛 𝑟 (𝑛−𝑟)!
binomial probability distributions.
​ Calculate combinations:
𝑛! ​ Apply the Normal Distribution percentages
​ 𝐶 =
𝑛 𝑟 (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟! within three standard deviations of the mean
​ Calculate a percentile.
​ Explain what a percentile means in context.
​ Use percentiles to compare different values
and understand where they rank within a
population.

Write out the sample space for the experiments, and calculate the size of the sample space:
1) A band must decide when to meet for practice. The possible days are Tuesday through Friday. The
possible times are 3, 4, or 5 p.m.

2) Spinning these two spinners

3) A sandwich shop has three types of sandwiches: ham, turkey, and chicken. Each sandwich can be
ordered with white bread, multi-grain bread, or rye bread. Each sandwich can have provolone cheese or
no cheese.
a)​ Write out the sample space of combinations of sandwiches with one type of meat, one type of
bread, and with or without cheese.

b)​ What is the probability that a randomly made sandwich has poultry (chicken or turkey)?

c)​ What is the probability that a randomly made sandwich has rye bread and no cheese?

d)​ What is the probability that a randomly made sandwich has ham? Does the probability change if
we know the sandwich has cheese?

e)​ What is the probability that a randomly made sandwich is a tuna melt.

4) Finish filling out the 2-way frequency table and answer the questions:

Owns a skateboard Doesn’t own a skateboard

Owns a bike 4 11

Does not own a bike 7 10

a)​ What’s the chance that a person selected randomly does not own a bike?

b)​ How many people own either a bike or a skateboard but not both?

c)​ What’s the probability of people who do not own a skateboard who also don’t own a bike?
5)
Text messages per month

Age group 0-10 11-50 Over 50

15-18 4 37 68

19-22 6 25 87

23-60 25 47 157

a)​ What is the probability of a randomly selected person sending 0-10 messages per month

b)​ What is the probability that a randomly selected person is between the age of 19-22 and sends 11-50
texts per month

c)​ A random person is selected at random, what is the probability that the person texts over 50
messages per month given that the person is between the ages of 23 and 60?

d)​ What is the probability that a person randomly selected is 17 years old?

6) A team of 8 basketball players needs to choose a captain and a co captain. How many different ways
could they select one?

What is the probability that the two tallest people are captain and co-captain (in no particular order).
Everyone is a different height. Is this a permutation or a combination?

7) You are setting the combination on a three-digit lock. You want to use the numbers 1, 2, 3 but don’t care
what order they are in. What are all the possibilities?

What is the probability that a 1 is first?

What is the probability that a 1 is first and a 2 is second?

8) 5 out of 13 students will ride in a car instead of a van. How many possible outcomes are there?

9) On the SAT, there are five answer choices (A, B, C, D, and E). The probability of randomly guessing the
correct answer is .2. You’re having a bad day, put your head down and accidentally fell asleep and need to
just fill in your scantron before the time is up.
a)​ What is the probability that on a 25-question section of the SAT by complete random guessing that
exactly 13 questions will be answered correctly for a more than 50% score?

b)​ What is the probability that on a 25-question section of the SAT by complete random guessing
exactly 5 questions correctly?

c)​ Why do these chances make sense in the context of the problem?

10) The desks in a classroom are organized into four rows of four columns. Each day the teacher randomly
assigns you to a desk. You may be assigned to the same desk more than once. Over the course of six
days, what is the probability that you are assigned to a desk in the front row at most five times?

11) You arrive into a building and are about to take an elevator to your floor. Once you call the elevator, it
will take between 0 and 40 seconds to arrive. We will assume that the elevator arrives uniformly
between 0 and 40 seconds after you press the button. What is the chance that the elevator will get there
in 10 minutes or less?
12) The age at which an NFL player retires is normally distributed with a mean of 33 years old and a
standard deviation of 2 years.
a)​ What is the probability that an NFL player will retire between the ages of 31 and 35?

b)​ What is the probability that an NFL player will retire under the age of 33?

c)​ What is the probability that an NFL player will retire over the age of 37?

13) Identify the following distributions as binomial, uniform, normal, or other.

a)​ Rolling an eight-sided die​ ​ ​ ​ b) amount of water teenagers drink every day

c) Spinning a spinner like this: d) Spinning a spinner like this:

​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e) The age distribution of teachers at SFHS f ) Guessing a month within the last century
where the last day was a Wednesday
14) The scores for a quiz were 22, 24, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 42, 47, 52, 55, 58, 60, 65, 65. The quiz
was out of 65 points.
a) Find out the percentile for score 27

b) Find the percentile for score 41

c) Find the percentile for score 60. What is a score of 60 as a percent?

15) Timothy goes to the doctor and the doctor says he’s in the 53rd percentile for his height. About how tall
do you think he is? He always felt he was above average- is he right?

16) A total of 1000 dogs take a behavior aptitude test for being a therapy dog. Cookie scores 17 out of 20
marks. There are 865 dogs who score less than 17 marks.
a)​ Find Cookie’s percent score.

b)​ Find Cookie’s percentile rank.

c)​ In order to get sent to schools the week before finals, dogs need to be in the 75th percentile. Did
Cookie make it?