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Key Electrical Engineering Terms

This document provides essential definitions related to basic electrical engineering concepts, including voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy. It also covers key components like transformers, circuit breakers, and relays, as well as important laws such as Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws. The document serves as a foundational reference for understanding electrical systems and their operations.

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16 views2 pages

Key Electrical Engineering Terms

This document provides essential definitions related to basic electrical engineering concepts, including voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy. It also covers key components like transformers, circuit breakers, and relays, as well as important laws such as Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws. The document serves as a foundational reference for understanding electrical systems and their operations.

Uploaded by

bhukyarahul158
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Electrical Engineering Definitions

Voltage (V)
The electric potential difference between two points. It drives current through a circuit.
Unit: Volt (V)

Current (I)
The flow of electric charge through a conductor. Unit: Ampere (A)

Resistance (R)
The opposition to current flow in a conductor. Unit: Ohm (Ω)

Power (P)
The rate at which electrical energy is consumed or generated. P = V × I. Unit: Watt (W)

Energy
The total amount of work done by electric power over time. Unit: kWh (kilowatt-hour)

Capacitance (C)
The ability of a system to store charge per unit voltage. Unit: Farad (F)

Inductance (L)
The property of a conductor by which a change in current induces an emf. Unit: Henry (H)

AC (Alternating Current)
Current that reverses direction periodically. Used in homes and industries.

DC (Direct Current)
Current that flows in one constant direction. Used in batteries and electronics.

Transformer
A static device that transfers AC power from one circuit to another at different voltage levels
using electromagnetic induction.

Circuit Breaker
A device that automatically interrupts current flow in a circuit during faults.

Relay
An electrically operated switch used for protection and control in power systems.

Power Factor
The cosine of the angle between voltage and current. PF = Real Power / Apparent Power
Synchronous Speed
Speed of the rotating magnetic field in an AC machine. Ns = 120f / P

Slip
Difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed in an induction motor. Slip % = (Ns
- Nr)/Ns × 100

Load
Any electrical device or component that consumes electrical power.

Short Circuit
A fault where current bypasses the normal path due to a low-resistance connection.

Earthing (Grounding)
Connecting parts of a system to the earth to ensure safety from electric shock.

Ohm’s Law
V = I × R — Voltage is proportional to current through a resistor.

Kirchhoff’s Laws
KVL: The sum of voltages around a closed loop is zero. KCL: The sum of currents entering a
node is equal to the sum leaving.

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